电力系统PMU优化配置及可行方案评估
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摘要
随着电力系统的发展和对安全稳定性要求的不断提高,传统的以SCADA/EMS为代表的稳态监控系统难以满足电网动态监控的要求;基于同步相量测量单元(PMU)的广域测量系统(WAMS)可以较好地解决电力系统广域同步测量问题,为电网稳定监控提供了一种新的技术手段。大量研究表明,只需在系统部分节点安装PMU即可实现系统全局可观测。
PMU优化配置是一个不连续高维非线性优化组合问题。本文首先对该问题的数学模型进行了研究,基于电网可观测性分析原则给出了系统可观测性分析的具体实现步骤,然后将PMU优化配置分为初步配置和可行性方案评估两个阶段。初步配置阶段,将二进制粒子群算法应用于PMU优化配置,针对普通二进制粒子群算法收敛慢的不足,引入概率偏移因子,根据出线度的不同,对不同节点设置不同的概率;分析普通优化方法在多解问题上的应用局限,进而提出改进措施;用Matlab编写程序,对新英格兰39节点系统、IEEE30节点系统和湖南长株潭42节点系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证所提方法的可行性。
在可行解评估阶段,首先对系统进行连续潮流分析,找出薄弱母线;然后引入电压降落和系数,通过比较各方案该系数的不同,找出各方案中所监测到的电压降落和较大的方案,即为推荐方案;用Matlab编写程序,得出IEEE30节点系统的PMU推荐配置方案。
With the development of power system and the increasingly stricter requirement on security and stability, traditional monitoring systems based on steady state, such as SCADA/EMS, can not meet the needs of dynamic monitoring. Wide area measurement system (WAMS) based on phasor measurement unit (PMU) can effectively handle the problem of wide area synchronous mearsurement in power system, and offer a new approach for stable monitoring and control of power network. A lot of researches indicate that it can guarantee full network observability to place PMUs in certain buses in power grid.
To place PMUs optimally is a discontinuous, high dimensinal, nonlinear, optimization grouping problem. Firstly, main steps for network observability analysis are proposed by studying the mathematical model of PMU optimal placement; secondly, the optimization is processed in two stage: preliminary placement and assessment for feasible scheme.
In preliminary stage, the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is applied to the issue of optimal PMUs placement. Considering the deficiency of convergence rate in conventional BPSO, a probability shifting factor is introduced to adjust the probability of value on 0 or 1 according to bus-outlet number so that the ability of convergence rate of solutions is improved based on analyzing. The limitation of general optimization algorithm on multiple solutions is analyzed, and then improving measures are presented. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm is verified by the numerical calculation results of New England 39-bus system ,IEEE 30-bus system and Hunan Chang-Zhu-Tan 42-bus system respectively.
In the assessment stage, the weak voltage buses are identified after network analysis with continuation power flow firstly, and then a coefficient is introduced to compare the sum of voltage drops of every scheme, finally the scheme with larger coefficients are recommended. The test program is designed in Matlab and the recommended schemes of IEEE 30-bus system are proposed
PMU优化配置是一个不连续高维非线性优化组合问题。本文首先对该问题的数学模型进行了研究,基于电网可观测性分析原则给出了系统可观测性分析的具体实现步骤,然后将PMU优化配置分为初步配置和可行性方案评估两个阶段。初步配置阶段,将二进制粒子群算法应用于PMU优化配置,针对普通二进制粒子群算法收敛慢的不足,引入概率偏移因子,根据出线度的不同,对不同节点设置不同的概率;分析普通优化方法在多解问题上的应用局限,进而提出改进措施;用Matlab编写程序,对新英格兰39节点系统、IEEE30节点系统和湖南长株潭42节点系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证所提方法的可行性。
在可行解评估阶段,首先对系统进行连续潮流分析,找出薄弱母线;然后引入电压降落和系数,通过比较各方案该系数的不同,找出各方案中所监测到的电压降落和较大的方案,即为推荐方案;用Matlab编写程序,得出IEEE30节点系统的PMU推荐配置方案。
With the development of power system and the increasingly stricter requirement on security and stability, traditional monitoring systems based on steady state, such as SCADA/EMS, can not meet the needs of dynamic monitoring. Wide area measurement system (WAMS) based on phasor measurement unit (PMU) can effectively handle the problem of wide area synchronous mearsurement in power system, and offer a new approach for stable monitoring and control of power network. A lot of researches indicate that it can guarantee full network observability to place PMUs in certain buses in power grid.
To place PMUs optimally is a discontinuous, high dimensinal, nonlinear, optimization grouping problem. Firstly, main steps for network observability analysis are proposed by studying the mathematical model of PMU optimal placement; secondly, the optimization is processed in two stage: preliminary placement and assessment for feasible scheme.
In preliminary stage, the binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is applied to the issue of optimal PMUs placement. Considering the deficiency of convergence rate in conventional BPSO, a probability shifting factor is introduced to adjust the probability of value on 0 or 1 according to bus-outlet number so that the ability of convergence rate of solutions is improved based on analyzing. The limitation of general optimization algorithm on multiple solutions is analyzed, and then improving measures are presented. The effectiveness of proposed algorithm is verified by the numerical calculation results of New England 39-bus system ,IEEE 30-bus system and Hunan Chang-Zhu-Tan 42-bus system respectively.
In the assessment stage, the weak voltage buses are identified after network analysis with continuation power flow firstly, and then a coefficient is introduced to compare the sum of voltage drops of every scheme, finally the scheme with larger coefficients are recommended. The test program is designed in Matlab and the recommended schemes of IEEE 30-bus system are proposed
引文
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[8]黄姝雅,刘天琪,陈绩.动态状态估计中PMU配置的离散粒子群优化算法.电网技术, 2006, 30(24): 68-72
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[17]李大虎,曹一家,江全元等.基于多目标进化算法的相量测量单元优化配置.电网技术, 2005, 29(22): 45-49
[18] Milosevic B. Nondominated sorting genetic algorithm for optimal phasor measurement placement. IEEE Trans on power systems, 2003,18(1): 69-75
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