摘要
为了有效控制无土栽培蔬菜中的硝酸盐,本文以菜心为试验材料,研究营养液栽培的六种菜心对硝酸盐积累的差异性及其机理,探索通过品种的选种控制硝酸盐积累的途径;采用甘蔗渣基质栽培法研究了不同有机肥对菜心产量、品质和菜心体内硝酸盐的积累的影响,探讨高产、优质、低硝酸盐积累的有机蔬菜的施肥技术。研究结果表明:
1、在1/5 Hogland营养液中培养的菜心,6品种中的迟花粗条甜菜心(迟花)的硝酸盐含量显著低于台湾石排菜心(石排)、31号甜菜心(31号)、四九黄菜心(四九)等品种,而迟花、四九、石排、31号的产量间的差异不显著。迟花品种可食部分硝酸盐含量仅为31号的67.3%,这说明选种硝酸盐含量低的品种是控制菜心硝酸盐的有效途径。
2、迟花、四九、石排、31号品种菜心可食部分硝酸盐含量与开始培养后6天—15天间菜心对2/5的霍格兰营养液中NO_3~-的吸收量及收获前硝酸盐的总吸收量的趋势一致,而与后期对NO_3~-的吸收量、叶片硝酸还原酶的活性的表现不同,这说明在菜心生长前期吸收硝酸盐的多寡对菜心可食部分硝酸盐的积累至关重要。
3、苗龄分别为15天和35天的菜心在0、0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5 mmol/L的KNO_3溶液中的动力学试验发现,四品种菜心的生长前期对硝酸盐吸收的最大吸收速率(Vmax)大小与可食部分硝酸盐含量高低的趋势相同,
广西大学硕士学位论文无土栽培菜心的硝酸盐调控及其机制的研究
而品种间根系对硝酸盐的吸收参数的差异及生长后期的Vmax的差异与
硝酸盐积累量的差异不同甚至相反,这些结果说明在植物生长前期品种
间对硝酸盐吸收动力学特性的遗传差异决定菜心对硝酸盐积累的基本特
点。
4、与施用无机肥的比较,施用鸡粪、猪粪、生物有机肥、灭菌生物
有机肥、鸡粪+生物有机肥、猪粪+生物有机肥对甘蔗渣基质栽培的菜心
(迟花)的株高、叶片数、叶面积、植株氮磷钾含量、叶片叶绿数含量、
可食部分的蛋白质、维生素C含量无显著不良影响,而可食部分硝酸盐
含量分别为589.1、571.6、517.6、618.2、674.9、725.1 mg服gFW,相当
于对照(仅施用无机肥)的543%、527%、47.7%、57.0%、62.2%、
66.9%。施用鸡粪、猪粪处理的产量分别相当于对照的88.1%和91.2%,
其它的处理贝lj显著高于对照。可见,在甘蔗渣基质培菜心中施用适量的
有机肥及生物有机肥既满足作物生长对养分的需要,又能够有效的控制
硝酸盐的积累、提高蔬菜的品质,达到高产优质的无公害蔬菜生产的目
标。
5、施用的生物有机肥在灭菌后可增加菜心的生物产量、可食部分产
量、生长期植株及可食部分硝酸盐含量,说明虽然生物有机肥中的微生
物可能抑制甘蔗渣栽培的菜心的生长,但它能够有效地控制菜心对硝酸
盐的积累。
In order to control the nitrate of vegetables in soilless culture system effectively, the flowering Chinese cabbage was objected to study the nitrate domination diversity and mechanism of six cultivars planted in nutrient solution, and to explore a approach to control the nitrate accumulation by various methods. The study was about the influence of different organic fertilizers on the flowering Chinese cabbage yield, quality and nitrate accumulation by using bagasse as the grandmas , and the study discussed the fertilization technique of planting organic vegetable. The result of the study indicated that:
1. The nitrate content of CHI HUA was less than that of SHI PAI, NO.31 SI JIU et.al among six cultivars planted in 1/5 Hogland nutrient solution, and the difference of the yield of CHI HUA, SI JIU, SHI PAI and NO.31 was not notable.
2. The vary trend of the edible parts nitrate content of CHI HUA, SI JIU,
SHI PAI and NO.31 was the same as nitrate uptake of cabbage which have planted 6 to 15 days and before harvest, but was different from the nitrate uptake quantity at anaphase and that of the enzyme activity of nitric acid deoxidized , which illuminated the amount of nitrate uptake by the flowering Chinese cabbage in seedling stage was very important to the nitrate accumulation in edible parts.
3 . In the dynamic experiment of 15-d-old and 35-d-old seedling in a series of KNO3 solution (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5mmol/L), I was found that the tendency of nitrate uptake Vmax amond four cultivars at anaphase was the same as that of the edible parts nitrate content, while the difference of the uptake parameter of the root system and the Vmax at growth anaphase evening was different from that of the nitrate accumulation, even opposite. These the results illuminated that the nitrate uptake dynamic character of hereditary difference among cultivars at the developing anaphase decided the nitrate accumulation of the flowering Chinese cabbage.
4. There was no negative influence on the stem height, leaves number, leaf area and nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in plant, chlorophyll content, the protein and vitamin C content in the edible parts as comparied to that in the chicken ordure, pig ordure, biological organic fertilizer and sterilized biological organic fertilizer with abio-fertilizer, but the nitrate content in the edible parts was 589.1, 571.6, 517.6, 618.2, 674.9, 725.1 mg/Kg-FW, respectively, which was equal to 54.3%, 52.7%, 47.4%, 57.0%,
62.2%, 66.9% of that in the control (only using abio-fertilizer). The edible yield of plants treated with chicken ordure or pig ordure was 88.1% and 91.2%, respectively, of that in the control, while the yield in other treatments were much higher than that in control. It was obvious that using organic fertilizer and abio-fertilizer suitably might not only meet the nutrient requirement of crop growth but also control the nitrate accumulation efficiently, improve the quality of vegetable and achieve a goal on high yield and quality vegetable production without public nuisance.
5 The whole yield of the flowering Chinese cabbage and edible parts yield, the nitrate content in growing period plants and in edible parts increased after the biological organic fertilizer was sterilized, which illuminated that the biological organic fertilizer could control the nitrate content efficiently, although the microorganism in the biology organic fertilizer may not benefit to the growth of the flowering Chinese cabbage planted in the bagasse.
引文
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