机载激光通信气动光学影响的仿真分析
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摘要
机载激光通信是空间通信发展的重要方向,亦是实现未来超大容量通信的主要途径。飞机的运动使空气在飞机及通信端机窗口表面出形成一比较薄的湍流附面层,这将导致传输光束的位相畸变,影响光束质量,从而影响捕获、跟踪系统及通信系统的性能。气动光学对激光光束质量的影响与机载窗口形状,飞机的飞行速度、飞行高度、光端机的窗口尺寸等参数有关。而在航空激光通信中,气动光学效应对提高速率、提高跟踪转度、降低误码率都存在一定影响。
本文回顾了气动光学效应的发展现状,理论分析了大气环境对机载激光通信的影响,继而阐述了气动光学效应的产生、原理、分类和工程计算方法。首先根据空气动力学原理和经验公式完成了数学模型,进而根据机载激光通信实际情况利用MATLAB软件进行计算机仿真,最后本文还进行了气动光学效应风洞校正实验方案的设计。
The Airborne laser communication is an important space communications development direction and also for the future of large capacity communications major way. The Airborne movement in aircraft and optical window surface formed a relatively thin turbulent boundary layer. Aero-optical effects lead to the transmission beam phase distortion effects beam quality, thus affecting capture, tracking systems and communication system performance. Impact of Airborne laser beam quality is relation to the airborne window shape, the aircraft's flight speed, altitude, optic transmission equipment parameters, such as the size of the window. But in the aviation laser communication, aero-optical effect on data-rates, tracking, bit- error rate there affected to some extent.
This article reviews the development of aero-optical effects, theoretical analysis of the impact of atmospheric environment on the Airborne Laser Communication, and then the aero-optical effects on the emergence of principle, classification and engineering calculation. First under aerodynamic principles and empirical formula completed the mathematical model and then under the Airborne Laser Communication actual situation using MATLAB software computer simulation, the final paper also conducted wind tunnel aero-optical effects testing Laboratory program design.
本文回顾了气动光学效应的发展现状,理论分析了大气环境对机载激光通信的影响,继而阐述了气动光学效应的产生、原理、分类和工程计算方法。首先根据空气动力学原理和经验公式完成了数学模型,进而根据机载激光通信实际情况利用MATLAB软件进行计算机仿真,最后本文还进行了气动光学效应风洞校正实验方案的设计。
The Airborne laser communication is an important space communications development direction and also for the future of large capacity communications major way. The Airborne movement in aircraft and optical window surface formed a relatively thin turbulent boundary layer. Aero-optical effects lead to the transmission beam phase distortion effects beam quality, thus affecting capture, tracking systems and communication system performance. Impact of Airborne laser beam quality is relation to the airborne window shape, the aircraft's flight speed, altitude, optic transmission equipment parameters, such as the size of the window. But in the aviation laser communication, aero-optical effect on data-rates, tracking, bit- error rate there affected to some extent.
This article reviews the development of aero-optical effects, theoretical analysis of the impact of atmospheric environment on the Airborne Laser Communication, and then the aero-optical effects on the emergence of principle, classification and engineering calculation. First under aerodynamic principles and empirical formula completed the mathematical model and then under the Airborne Laser Communication actual situation using MATLAB software computer simulation, the final paper also conducted wind tunnel aero-optical effects testing Laboratory program design.
引文
[1]殷兴良主编.气动光学原理.北京:中国宇航出版社,2003年,169-186.
[2]戴永江.激光雷达原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2002年,43-72.
[3]李桂春.气动光学.国防工业出版社,2005年,290-339.
[4]付跃刚.目标与大气光学特性测试系统.科研设计评审报告,2004.
[5]盛裴轩等.大气物理学.北京:北京大学出版社,2003年,49-53.
[6]张丽琴、费锦东,气动光学光点校正方法研究,红外与激光工程,2004,33(6).
[7]李艳芳、韩志平等,气动光学效应校正中湍流流场控制方法,现代防御技术,2005,33(1).
[8]王佳、余信,自由空间光通信技术的研究现状和发展方向综述,光学技术,2005,31(2).
[9]姜宗福、习锋杰,低速湍流中的气动光学效应实验研究,中国激光,2004,31(8).
[10]陈澄、费锦东,侧窗头罩高速层流流场光学传输效应数值模拟,红外与激光工程,2005,34(5).
[11]郭永洪 沈忙作,气动光学效应的数值模拟与预测,光点工程,1998,25.
[12]韩志平、殷兴良,高超音速导弹气动光学效应研究方法综述,现代防御技术,2003,31(3).
[13]李艳芳,韩志平等,气动光学效应校正中湍流流场控制方法,现代防御技术,2005,33(1).
[14]雷雨冰、梁德旺、黄国平,超声速流中激波湍流附面层干扰数值模拟,南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(1).
[15]金英兰,大气对空间激光通信的影响及自适应光学补偿效果的研究,长春理工大学硕士论文,2002,
[16]柳建,李树民等,飞行器外流场对光传输的影响,光子学报,2006,35(4).
[17) 郭隆德.高速拦截弹气功光学效应地面模拟测试研究.四川大学博士学位论文.2003.
[18]韩志平,殷兴良,气动光学效应中调制传递函数的计算方法,现代防御技术,2000,28(6).
[19]洪汉玉,张天序,易新建,喻九阳,气动光学效应退化图像循环迭代复原算法研究,华中科技大学学报,2005,33(9).
[20]张亚萍,范志刚,刘金强,红外末致导中的气动光学效应分析,激光与红外,2006,36(6).
[21]LOWTRAN使用手册.
[22]邓彦敏,胡继忠,轻型飞机翼梢减阻外形的风洞实验研究,航空学报,1994,15(8).
[23]赵剡,宗云花,气动光学效应降晰函数辨识与图像复原,兵工学报,2005,26(2).
[24]刘纯胜,高速平均流场光学传输效应研究,系统工程与电子技术,2003,25(8).
[25]费锦东,气动光学效应校正技术初步分析,红外与激光工程,1999,28(5).
[26]费锦东,高速导弹红外成像末制导对气动光学效应技术研究的需求,红外与激光工程,1998,27(1).
[27]范洁川,空气动力学发展中值得关注的一些问题,气动研究与实验,2003,20(1).
[28]红汉玉,张天序,易新建,气动光学效应红外序列退化图像优化复原算法,红外与激光工程,2005,34(6).
[29]李文煜,姜宗福,许晓军,谢文科,低速热射流涡及其气动光学特性的测量,强激光与粒子束,2004,16(9).
[30]范洁川,飞行中附面层转捩的流动显示与测量技术,飞行力学,1998,16(1).
[31]王宁宇,张天序等,湍流退化图像相位恢复算法研究,红外与激光工程,2005,34(5).
[32]阎吉祥,俞信,张晓芳,湍流对地—空光通信系统性能的影响及自适应光学补偿,光学技术,2005,31(2).
[33]余成波,数字图象处理及MATLAB实现,重庆大学出版社,2003年:223-250.
[34]Michael Lloyd Hart,Stuart MJefferies,J Roger P Angel,et al.Wave2 front sensing with time-of-flight phase diversity[J].Optics Letter,2001,26(7):402-404.
[35]A.J.L ademan,W.D.Motooka,and D.D.Barber.Areo—Optics Effects of Aibrorene Laser Turrets.AIAA-87-1397.
[36]Richard GPaxman,Timothy J Schulz,James R Fienup.Joint estimation of object and aberrations by using phase diversity[J].J Opt Soc Am A.1992.9(7):1072-1085.
[37]Clark R L,Johnson E.An investigation of phase reconstruction methods for use with aero2optic measurements[R].AIAA 95-1982.
[38]Cassady P E,Birch S F.Aero2optical analysis of compressible flow over an open cavity[J].AIAA J.1989,27(6): 758-762.
[39]David Webert and James Trolingert.Computer Simulation of Aero-Optic Phenomena Based on Empirical Data.SPIE,2001,4448.
[40]Childs R E.Methods for reducing turbulent flow aero-optical distortion[R].AD-A263698.
[41]Sut ton GW,Pond J E,et al.Hypersonic Intercep to r A ero-Opt ics Perfo rmance P redict ions.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1994.31(4):592-599.
[42]Truman C R,Zadoks R Z.Prediction and measurement of aero2optics effects through the dynamics of a passive scalar in turbulent flow[R].AIAA 94-2549.
[43]Childs R E.Prediction and control of turbulent aero-optical distortion using large eddy simulation[R].AIAA 932-670.
[44]Smith R,Truman C.Prediction of Optical Phase Degradation Using a Turbulent Transport Equation for the Variance of Index-of-Refraction Fluctuations[R].AIAA9020250.
[45]Truman C R.The influence of turbulent sturcture on optical phase distortion through turbulent shear flows[R].AIAA 92-2817.
[46]Tsai Y P.Christiansen W H.Two-dimensional numerical simulation of shear layer optics[J].AIAA J.,1990,28(12):2092-2097.
[47]Mr.Rodney Clark,Ms.Michele Banish,and Dr.Jay Hammer.Fundamentals of Areo-Optic Phenomena.AIAA-94-2545.
[48]K.G.Gilbert and L.J.Otten,Aero-Optical Phenomena[J]Program in Astronautics and Aeronautics,American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics1982,(80):1-9.
[49]J.E.Craig and C.Allen,Aero-optical turbulent boundary layer/sheer layer experiment on the KC-135 aircraft revisited[J],Opt.Eng.1985,24(3):446-454.
[50]Tianhua Liu,Zongfu Jiang,Wenyu Li,Zejin Liu,Yijun Zhao.Experimental studies on the aero-optical phenomena of free-vortex aerodynamic window's jet.SPIE,2002,4537.
[51]G.W.Sutton,Effect of turbulent fluctuations in an optically active fluid medium[J]AIAA,1969,7(9):1737-1743.
[2]戴永江.激光雷达原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2002年,43-72.
[3]李桂春.气动光学.国防工业出版社,2005年,290-339.
[4]付跃刚.目标与大气光学特性测试系统.科研设计评审报告,2004.
[5]盛裴轩等.大气物理学.北京:北京大学出版社,2003年,49-53.
[6]张丽琴、费锦东,气动光学光点校正方法研究,红外与激光工程,2004,33(6).
[7]李艳芳、韩志平等,气动光学效应校正中湍流流场控制方法,现代防御技术,2005,33(1).
[8]王佳、余信,自由空间光通信技术的研究现状和发展方向综述,光学技术,2005,31(2).
[9]姜宗福、习锋杰,低速湍流中的气动光学效应实验研究,中国激光,2004,31(8).
[10]陈澄、费锦东,侧窗头罩高速层流流场光学传输效应数值模拟,红外与激光工程,2005,34(5).
[11]郭永洪 沈忙作,气动光学效应的数值模拟与预测,光点工程,1998,25.
[12]韩志平、殷兴良,高超音速导弹气动光学效应研究方法综述,现代防御技术,2003,31(3).
[13]李艳芳,韩志平等,气动光学效应校正中湍流流场控制方法,现代防御技术,2005,33(1).
[14]雷雨冰、梁德旺、黄国平,超声速流中激波湍流附面层干扰数值模拟,南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(1).
[15]金英兰,大气对空间激光通信的影响及自适应光学补偿效果的研究,长春理工大学硕士论文,2002,
[16]柳建,李树民等,飞行器外流场对光传输的影响,光子学报,2006,35(4).
[17) 郭隆德.高速拦截弹气功光学效应地面模拟测试研究.四川大学博士学位论文.2003.
[18]韩志平,殷兴良,气动光学效应中调制传递函数的计算方法,现代防御技术,2000,28(6).
[19]洪汉玉,张天序,易新建,喻九阳,气动光学效应退化图像循环迭代复原算法研究,华中科技大学学报,2005,33(9).
[20]张亚萍,范志刚,刘金强,红外末致导中的气动光学效应分析,激光与红外,2006,36(6).
[21]LOWTRAN使用手册.
[22]邓彦敏,胡继忠,轻型飞机翼梢减阻外形的风洞实验研究,航空学报,1994,15(8).
[23]赵剡,宗云花,气动光学效应降晰函数辨识与图像复原,兵工学报,2005,26(2).
[24]刘纯胜,高速平均流场光学传输效应研究,系统工程与电子技术,2003,25(8).
[25]费锦东,气动光学效应校正技术初步分析,红外与激光工程,1999,28(5).
[26]费锦东,高速导弹红外成像末制导对气动光学效应技术研究的需求,红外与激光工程,1998,27(1).
[27]范洁川,空气动力学发展中值得关注的一些问题,气动研究与实验,2003,20(1).
[28]红汉玉,张天序,易新建,气动光学效应红外序列退化图像优化复原算法,红外与激光工程,2005,34(6).
[29]李文煜,姜宗福,许晓军,谢文科,低速热射流涡及其气动光学特性的测量,强激光与粒子束,2004,16(9).
[30]范洁川,飞行中附面层转捩的流动显示与测量技术,飞行力学,1998,16(1).
[31]王宁宇,张天序等,湍流退化图像相位恢复算法研究,红外与激光工程,2005,34(5).
[32]阎吉祥,俞信,张晓芳,湍流对地—空光通信系统性能的影响及自适应光学补偿,光学技术,2005,31(2).
[33]余成波,数字图象处理及MATLAB实现,重庆大学出版社,2003年:223-250.
[34]Michael Lloyd Hart,Stuart MJefferies,J Roger P Angel,et al.Wave2 front sensing with time-of-flight phase diversity[J].Optics Letter,2001,26(7):402-404.
[35]A.J.L ademan,W.D.Motooka,and D.D.Barber.Areo—Optics Effects of Aibrorene Laser Turrets.AIAA-87-1397.
[36]Richard GPaxman,Timothy J Schulz,James R Fienup.Joint estimation of object and aberrations by using phase diversity[J].J Opt Soc Am A.1992.9(7):1072-1085.
[37]Clark R L,Johnson E.An investigation of phase reconstruction methods for use with aero2optic measurements[R].AIAA 95-1982.
[38]Cassady P E,Birch S F.Aero2optical analysis of compressible flow over an open cavity[J].AIAA J.1989,27(6): 758-762.
[39]David Webert and James Trolingert.Computer Simulation of Aero-Optic Phenomena Based on Empirical Data.SPIE,2001,4448.
[40]Childs R E.Methods for reducing turbulent flow aero-optical distortion[R].AD-A263698.
[41]Sut ton GW,Pond J E,et al.Hypersonic Intercep to r A ero-Opt ics Perfo rmance P redict ions.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,1994.31(4):592-599.
[42]Truman C R,Zadoks R Z.Prediction and measurement of aero2optics effects through the dynamics of a passive scalar in turbulent flow[R].AIAA 94-2549.
[43]Childs R E.Prediction and control of turbulent aero-optical distortion using large eddy simulation[R].AIAA 932-670.
[44]Smith R,Truman C.Prediction of Optical Phase Degradation Using a Turbulent Transport Equation for the Variance of Index-of-Refraction Fluctuations[R].AIAA9020250.
[45]Truman C R.The influence of turbulent sturcture on optical phase distortion through turbulent shear flows[R].AIAA 92-2817.
[46]Tsai Y P.Christiansen W H.Two-dimensional numerical simulation of shear layer optics[J].AIAA J.,1990,28(12):2092-2097.
[47]Mr.Rodney Clark,Ms.Michele Banish,and Dr.Jay Hammer.Fundamentals of Areo-Optic Phenomena.AIAA-94-2545.
[48]K.G.Gilbert and L.J.Otten,Aero-Optical Phenomena[J]Program in Astronautics and Aeronautics,American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics1982,(80):1-9.
[49]J.E.Craig and C.Allen,Aero-optical turbulent boundary layer/sheer layer experiment on the KC-135 aircraft revisited[J],Opt.Eng.1985,24(3):446-454.
[50]Tianhua Liu,Zongfu Jiang,Wenyu Li,Zejin Liu,Yijun Zhao.Experimental studies on the aero-optical phenomena of free-vortex aerodynamic window's jet.SPIE,2002,4537.
[51]G.W.Sutton,Effect of turbulent fluctuations in an optically active fluid medium[J]AIAA,1969,7(9):1737-1743.