团队授权和团队胜任力对团队绩效的影响研究
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摘要
个体层面上的授权与胜任力的研究已很多,而在团队和组织层面上的研究很少。在全球的,快速的,以顾客为导向的经济中,工作团队是是组成成功不可分割的部分(Sundstrom,1999)。本文是基于团队日益成为企业经营的一种重要模式,本研究在个体授权和个体胜任力研究的基础上,提出了团队授权和团队胜任力对团队绩效影响的作用模型。
本研究按照科学的方法进行了问卷调查,样本为经济型酒店,将每个分店作为一个团队,调查了177个分店获得了30份有效问卷。利用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行分析。首先,对变量进行描述与相关性分析,然后,评估了量表的信度和效度;最后,采用回归分析法检验本文的假说,主要结论有:团队授权积极影响团队胜任力;团队授权积极影响团队服务氛围;团队胜任力积极影响团队服务氛围;团队氛围与团队绩效之间的影响比较弱;团队服务氛围对团队授权和团队绩效不具有中介作用;团队服务氛围对团队胜任力和团队绩效不具有中介作用;团队胜任力对团队授权和团队服务氛围有比较弱的中介作用;监督对团队授权和团队服务氛围有比较弱的调节作用;
最后,本文对研究结果进行了讨论,并指出了本研究的意义、优点、不足以及未来的研究方向。
Individual level of competence of authorized and have a lot of research,the research of empowerment and competence mostly concentrate on the level of individual,Whereasthere is less research on the level of team and organization, In the world, fast, customer-oriented economy, the team is composed of an integral part of success.Team is increasingly becoming an important business model,based on the research of individual empowerment and individual competence , we put forward team empowerment and team competence impact on team performance model.
This research carried the questionnaire survey and the sample was from hotels , each branch as a team ,we investigate the 177 stores and received 30 valid questionnaires..The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0. First, dscription of variables and correlation analysis were assessed, Then, the reliability and validity of the scales were assessed.Finally, the hypotheses were tested by regression analysis. The main conclusions are:Team empowerment has a positive impact to team competence;Team empowerment has a positive impact to team service climate;Team competence has a positive impact to team service climate;Team service climate has a weak positive impact to team performance ; Team service cliate don’t mediate team empowerment and team performance ; Team service cliate don’t mediate team competence and team performance; Team competence mediate the weak relationship between team empowerment and team service climate;Control moderates the weak relationship between team empowerment and team service climate.
The paper discussed the research fingdings and pointed out the meaning advantage and disadvantage of the research and then put forward to the future research at last.
本研究按照科学的方法进行了问卷调查,样本为经济型酒店,将每个分店作为一个团队,调查了177个分店获得了30份有效问卷。利用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行分析。首先,对变量进行描述与相关性分析,然后,评估了量表的信度和效度;最后,采用回归分析法检验本文的假说,主要结论有:团队授权积极影响团队胜任力;团队授权积极影响团队服务氛围;团队胜任力积极影响团队服务氛围;团队氛围与团队绩效之间的影响比较弱;团队服务氛围对团队授权和团队绩效不具有中介作用;团队服务氛围对团队胜任力和团队绩效不具有中介作用;团队胜任力对团队授权和团队服务氛围有比较弱的中介作用;监督对团队授权和团队服务氛围有比较弱的调节作用;
最后,本文对研究结果进行了讨论,并指出了本研究的意义、优点、不足以及未来的研究方向。
Individual level of competence of authorized and have a lot of research,the research of empowerment and competence mostly concentrate on the level of individual,Whereasthere is less research on the level of team and organization, In the world, fast, customer-oriented economy, the team is composed of an integral part of success.Team is increasingly becoming an important business model,based on the research of individual empowerment and individual competence , we put forward team empowerment and team competence impact on team performance model.
This research carried the questionnaire survey and the sample was from hotels , each branch as a team ,we investigate the 177 stores and received 30 valid questionnaires..The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0. First, dscription of variables and correlation analysis were assessed, Then, the reliability and validity of the scales were assessed.Finally, the hypotheses were tested by regression analysis. The main conclusions are:Team empowerment has a positive impact to team competence;Team empowerment has a positive impact to team service climate;Team competence has a positive impact to team service climate;Team service climate has a weak positive impact to team performance ; Team service cliate don’t mediate team empowerment and team performance ; Team service cliate don’t mediate team competence and team performance; Team competence mediate the weak relationship between team empowerment and team service climate;Control moderates the weak relationship between team empowerment and team service climate.
The paper discussed the research fingdings and pointed out the meaning advantage and disadvantage of the research and then put forward to the future research at last.
引文
1 B. L. Kirkman, B. Rosen, P. Tesluk and C. Gibson. The Impact of Team Empowerment on Virtual Team Performance: The Moderating Role of Face-to-face Interaction. Academy of Management Journal. 2004,47:175~192
2 B.L.Kirkman,B.Rosen,P.Tesluk and C. Gibson. Beyond Self-management : The Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment.Academy of Management Journal.1999 ,42:5~74
3 Burpitt and Bigoness. Leadership and Innovation among teams: the impact of enpowerment. Small Group Research .1997 , 28 (3) :414-423
4王鲁捷,韩志成.团队授权力度评价指标体系研究.《南京理工大学学报》.2005,18(5):40~45
5马红民,李非.创业团队胜任力与创业绩效关系探讨.《现代管理科学》.2008,12:45~47
6 A. Srivastava, K. M. Bartol and E. A. Lock. Empowerment Leadershiop in Management Teams:Effects on Knowledge Sharing ,Efficacy,and Performance. Academy of Management Journal.2006,49(6):1239-1251
7 K. B. Cinthia. Predicting Individual Team Member Performance : The Role of Team Competency , Cognitive Ability , and Personality . Doctor , Saint Mary’s University, 2003,6~45
8 P. Hyland, G. Davison and T. Sloan. Linking Team Competences to Organisational Capacities in Health Care . Journal of Health Organization and Management . 2003, 17(3):150~163
9 C. Margerison. Team competencies.Team Performance Management.2001,7: 117~122
10 A. Ergeneli, G. S. Ari and S. Metin. Psychological Empowerment and Its Relationship to Trust in Immediate Managers. Journal of Business Research. 2007,60: 41~49
11 J. A. Conger and R. N. Kanungo. The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice. Academy of Management Review. 1988, 13(3): 471~482
12 J. A. Conger and R. N. Kanungo. The Empowerment process: Integrating Theory and Practice. The Academy of Management Review. 1988,13(3):471~482
13 G. M. Spreitzer, M. A. Kizilos and S. W. Nason. Dimensional Analysis of The Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Effectiveness, Satisfaction, and Strain . Journal of Management. 1997,23(5): 679~683
14林美珍.变革型领导行为、授权氛围、团队心理受权对员工心理受权的影响.《现代管理科学》.2007,12:46~48
15 J.Barard. The Empowerment of Problem-solving Teams:Is It An Effective Management Tool? Journal of Applied Management Studies. 1999,8(1):73-84
16 B.L.Kirkman, B. Rosen, P.Tesluk and C. Gibson. Beyond Self-management: The Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment .Academy of Management Journal.1999 ,42:5~-74
17 G. M. Spreitzer. Psychological Empowerment in The Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement And Validation. Academy of Management Journal. 1995,38(5): 1442~1465
18陈吉耀,Richard , R. ,Reilly and Lynn .不确定性在团队授权与新产品开发业绩关系中的作用.《管理学报》.2006,3(5):591~598
19 R. C. Liden, S. J. Wayne and R.T. Sparrowe. An Examination of The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on The Relations between The Job, Interpersonal Relationships, And Work Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2000,85(3): 407~416
20 D. C. McClelland. Testing for Competence Rather than for Intelligence. American Psychologist.1973,28 : 1～14
21时勘,王继承,李超平.企业高层管理者胜任特征模型评价的研究.《心理学报》.2002,3:306~311
22 J. L. M. Spencer and S. M. Spencer. Competence at Work : Models for Superior Performance. New York : John Wiley & Sons , Inc . 1993
23刘学方,王重鸣,唐宁玉,朱健,倪宁.家族企业接班人胜任力建模.《管理世界》. 2006,5:96~106
24林泽炎,刘理晖.转型时期中国企业家胜任特征的探索性研究.《管理世界》. 2007,1:98~104
25徐芳.研发团队胜任力模型的构建及其对团队绩效的影响.《管理探索》.2003.2:43~46
26周爱明.中小民营企业技术创新团队胜任力与创新绩效的关系研究.浙江大学管理学院硕士论文. 2007,6~66
27曾方芳.胜任力导向下的企业研发团队管理研究.兰州大学管理学院硕士论文.2007,16~42
28 S. Kauffeld. Self-directed Work Groups And Team Competence.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2006,79: 1-21
29鲁新华.项目团队胜任素质模型构建研究.吉林大学管理学院硕士论文. 2006,15~48
30 T.L. Andrews and S.G. Rogelberg. A New look at service climate:its relationship with owner service values in small businesses.Jouranl of Business and Psychology.2001 ,16(1):119-131.
31 M. Little and A. M. Dean. Links between Service Climate , Employee Commitment And Employees’Service Quality Capability. Managing Service Quality. 2006,16(5):460~475
32 A. Martin. Service Climate And Employee Well Being in Higher Education.Journal of Management Organization, 2006,14:155-167
33肖余春.自我管理团队及其在企业中的应用.《中国管理科学》.2001,6:63~67
34 A. Jong, K. Ruyter and J. Lemmink. Antecedents And Consequences of The Service Climate in Boundary-spanning Self-managing Service Teams. Journal of Marketing. 2004,68: 18~35
35 M. Ahearne, J. Mathieu and A. Rapp. To Empower Or Not to Empower Your Sales Force? An Empirical Examination of Influence of Leadership Empowerment Behavior on Customer Satisfaction And Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology.2005,90(5): 945~958
36 J. B. Fuller, R. Morrison, L. Jones, D. Bridger and V. Brown. The Effects of Psychological Empowerment on Transformational Leadership And Job Satisfaction. Journal of Social Psychology.1999, 139(3): 389~391
37 A. Bandura. Regulation of Cognitive Processes through Perceived Self-efficacy. Development Psychology.1989,25(5),30~45
38 J. A. Conger. Leadership: The Art of Empowering Others. The Academy of Management Executive.1989,3(1):17~14
39 J. A. Arnold, A. Sharon, J. A. Rhoades and D. Fritz. The Empowering Leadership Questionnaire: The Construction And Validation of A New Scale for Measuring Leader Behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2000, 5(21): 249~269
40 A. Jong , K. Ruyter and J. Lemmink . The Adoption of Information Technology by Self-managing Service Teams. Journal of Service Research.2003, 6(2):162~179
41 G. M. Spreitzer, S. G. Cohen and G. Ledford. Developing Effective Self-managing Work Teams in Service Organizations. Group & Organization Management. 1999 , 24(3):340~366
42 A. Jong , K. Ruyter and M. Wetzels. Antecedents And Consequences of Group Potency: A Study of Self-mansging Service Teams. Management Science . 2005 , 51(11) : 1610~1625
43李怀祖.管理研究方法论.西安交通大学出版社, 2000:143~261
44王重鸣.心理学研究方法.人民教育出版社, 2001:139
45 R. M. Baron, D. A. Kenny. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.1986,51: 1173～1182.
2 B.L.Kirkman,B.Rosen,P.Tesluk and C. Gibson. Beyond Self-management : The Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment.Academy of Management Journal.1999 ,42:5~74
3 Burpitt and Bigoness. Leadership and Innovation among teams: the impact of enpowerment. Small Group Research .1997 , 28 (3) :414-423
4王鲁捷,韩志成.团队授权力度评价指标体系研究.《南京理工大学学报》.2005,18(5):40~45
5马红民,李非.创业团队胜任力与创业绩效关系探讨.《现代管理科学》.2008,12:45~47
6 A. Srivastava, K. M. Bartol and E. A. Lock. Empowerment Leadershiop in Management Teams:Effects on Knowledge Sharing ,Efficacy,and Performance. Academy of Management Journal.2006,49(6):1239-1251
7 K. B. Cinthia. Predicting Individual Team Member Performance : The Role of Team Competency , Cognitive Ability , and Personality . Doctor , Saint Mary’s University, 2003,6~45
8 P. Hyland, G. Davison and T. Sloan. Linking Team Competences to Organisational Capacities in Health Care . Journal of Health Organization and Management . 2003, 17(3):150~163
9 C. Margerison. Team competencies.Team Performance Management.2001,7: 117~122
10 A. Ergeneli, G. S. Ari and S. Metin. Psychological Empowerment and Its Relationship to Trust in Immediate Managers. Journal of Business Research. 2007,60: 41~49
11 J. A. Conger and R. N. Kanungo. The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice. Academy of Management Review. 1988, 13(3): 471~482
12 J. A. Conger and R. N. Kanungo. The Empowerment process: Integrating Theory and Practice. The Academy of Management Review. 1988,13(3):471~482
13 G. M. Spreitzer, M. A. Kizilos and S. W. Nason. Dimensional Analysis of The Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Effectiveness, Satisfaction, and Strain . Journal of Management. 1997,23(5): 679~683
14林美珍.变革型领导行为、授权氛围、团队心理受权对员工心理受权的影响.《现代管理科学》.2007,12:46~48
15 J.Barard. The Empowerment of Problem-solving Teams:Is It An Effective Management Tool? Journal of Applied Management Studies. 1999,8(1):73-84
16 B.L.Kirkman, B. Rosen, P.Tesluk and C. Gibson. Beyond Self-management: The Antecedents and Consequences of Team Empowerment .Academy of Management Journal.1999 ,42:5~-74
17 G. M. Spreitzer. Psychological Empowerment in The Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement And Validation. Academy of Management Journal. 1995,38(5): 1442~1465
18陈吉耀,Richard , R. ,Reilly and Lynn .不确定性在团队授权与新产品开发业绩关系中的作用.《管理学报》.2006,3(5):591~598
19 R. C. Liden, S. J. Wayne and R.T. Sparrowe. An Examination of The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on The Relations between The Job, Interpersonal Relationships, And Work Outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2000,85(3): 407~416
20 D. C. McClelland. Testing for Competence Rather than for Intelligence. American Psychologist.1973,28 : 1～14
21时勘,王继承,李超平.企业高层管理者胜任特征模型评价的研究.《心理学报》.2002,3:306~311
22 J. L. M. Spencer and S. M. Spencer. Competence at Work : Models for Superior Performance. New York : John Wiley & Sons , Inc . 1993
23刘学方,王重鸣,唐宁玉,朱健,倪宁.家族企业接班人胜任力建模.《管理世界》. 2006,5:96~106
24林泽炎,刘理晖.转型时期中国企业家胜任特征的探索性研究.《管理世界》. 2007,1:98~104
25徐芳.研发团队胜任力模型的构建及其对团队绩效的影响.《管理探索》.2003.2:43~46
26周爱明.中小民营企业技术创新团队胜任力与创新绩效的关系研究.浙江大学管理学院硕士论文. 2007,6~66
27曾方芳.胜任力导向下的企业研发团队管理研究.兰州大学管理学院硕士论文.2007,16~42
28 S. Kauffeld. Self-directed Work Groups And Team Competence.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2006,79: 1-21
29鲁新华.项目团队胜任素质模型构建研究.吉林大学管理学院硕士论文. 2006,15~48
30 T.L. Andrews and S.G. Rogelberg. A New look at service climate:its relationship with owner service values in small businesses.Jouranl of Business and Psychology.2001 ,16(1):119-131.
31 M. Little and A. M. Dean. Links between Service Climate , Employee Commitment And Employees’Service Quality Capability. Managing Service Quality. 2006,16(5):460~475
32 A. Martin. Service Climate And Employee Well Being in Higher Education.Journal of Management Organization, 2006,14:155-167
33肖余春.自我管理团队及其在企业中的应用.《中国管理科学》.2001,6:63~67
34 A. Jong, K. Ruyter and J. Lemmink. Antecedents And Consequences of The Service Climate in Boundary-spanning Self-managing Service Teams. Journal of Marketing. 2004,68: 18~35
35 M. Ahearne, J. Mathieu and A. Rapp. To Empower Or Not to Empower Your Sales Force? An Empirical Examination of Influence of Leadership Empowerment Behavior on Customer Satisfaction And Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology.2005,90(5): 945~958
36 J. B. Fuller, R. Morrison, L. Jones, D. Bridger and V. Brown. The Effects of Psychological Empowerment on Transformational Leadership And Job Satisfaction. Journal of Social Psychology.1999, 139(3): 389~391
37 A. Bandura. Regulation of Cognitive Processes through Perceived Self-efficacy. Development Psychology.1989,25(5),30~45
38 J. A. Conger. Leadership: The Art of Empowering Others. The Academy of Management Executive.1989,3(1):17~14
39 J. A. Arnold, A. Sharon, J. A. Rhoades and D. Fritz. The Empowering Leadership Questionnaire: The Construction And Validation of A New Scale for Measuring Leader Behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2000, 5(21): 249~269
40 A. Jong , K. Ruyter and J. Lemmink . The Adoption of Information Technology by Self-managing Service Teams. Journal of Service Research.2003, 6(2):162~179
41 G. M. Spreitzer, S. G. Cohen and G. Ledford. Developing Effective Self-managing Work Teams in Service Organizations. Group & Organization Management. 1999 , 24(3):340~366
42 A. Jong , K. Ruyter and M. Wetzels. Antecedents And Consequences of Group Potency: A Study of Self-mansging Service Teams. Management Science . 2005 , 51(11) : 1610~1625
43李怀祖.管理研究方法论.西安交通大学出版社, 2000:143~261
44王重鸣.心理学研究方法.人民教育出版社, 2001:139
45 R. M. Baron, D. A. Kenny. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.1986,51: 1173～1182.