基于IEEE802.16的无线Mesh网络关键性能与资源调度算法研究
|
摘要
随着人们对宽带无线通信需求的不断增长,无线Mesh网络正在逐渐成为实现宽带互联网接入的高性能、低成本的理想解决方案。无线Mesh网络是一种新型宽带无线网络结构,具有动态自组织、自配置、自愈的特点,便于快速部署,易于维护,成本低,可扩展性强,服务可靠。基于TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access,时分多址接入)的无线Mesh网络与基于CSMA/CA(Carrier Sensing Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance,载波监听冲突避免多址接入)的无线Mesh网络在MAC(Medium Access Control,媒体接入控制)层技术、拓扑感知、信息交互和分布式调度方面都存在较大差异,很多技术和结论无法共用。因此,本文研究基于IEEE802.16的无线Mesh网络关键性能与资源调度算法中存在的若干问题。
传统无线Mesh网络性能分析没有考虑基于TDMA的网络中控制时隙与总时隙比例太大或太小都会降低网络吞吐量以及网络中转发业务与新业务并存的特性。在定量分析基于TDMA的无线Mesh网络中控制时隙数目对节点碰撞概率影响的基础上,进一步分析节点密度、传输速率、传输距离、跳数、控制时隙与总时隙比等因素与有效吞吐量的关系,并通过仿真寻找理想的控制时隙与总时隙比。同时,考虑网络中不同位置的节点对网络连通性的影响不同,定量分析节点传输距离与网络连通性的关系。
现有的IEEE802.16协议Mesh规范中定义的分布式传输调度算法存在控制时隙利用率低和三次握手时延高的缺点,且没有定义详细的链路调度算法。提出一种基于IEEE802.16的无线Mesh网络传输调度算法——随机自学习传输调度算法,有效克服上述两个缺点。同时,由于基于TDMA的无线Mesh网络需要支持实时业务传输,提出一种基于IEEE802.16的无线Mesh网络启发式链路调度算法——分布式端到端链路调度算法,通过有效结合路由发现过程和链路端到端传输时隙调度过程以及连续的时隙预约机制,有效降低实时业务的端到端时延。并在此基础上对端到端时延进行定量分析。
现有的IEEE802.16协议Mesh规范中没有定义无线Mesh网络切换管理算法,但基于IEEE802.16的骨干无线Mesh网络要为不同业务提供不同优先级的服务。借鉴协作传输的优点,提出基于IEEE802.16的骨干无线Mesh网络预切换协作算法,利用空闲Mesh路由器和关联Mesh路由器之间的协作传输降低Mesh客户机在切换过程中的误码率。同时,提出基于IEEE802.16的骨干无线Mesh网络带QoS保障的Mesh路由器选择算法,综合考虑RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator,接收信号强度指示)、业务优先级和节点的带宽需求等因素选择合适的Mesh路由器,有效降低总阻塞业务量。
Wireless mesh networks are currently emerging as an efficient and promising solution for low-cost broadband Internet access. Wireless mesh networks are characterized by dynamic self-organization, self-configuration and self-healing to enable quick deployment, easy maintenance, low cost, high scalability and reliable services. Time Division Multiple Access-based (TDMA-based) wireless mesh networks and Carrier Sensing Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance-based (CSMA/CA-based) wireless mesh networks differ significantly in Medium Access Control (MAC) layer technology, topology awareness, information exchange and distributed scheduling scheme, so they cannot use same technologies. This thesis studies some theoretical and technical problems in performance analysis and resource schedule.
In traditional performance analysis for wireless mesh networks, the ratio of control slots number to total slots number and coexisting of relay traffic and forwarding traffic are not considered. The relation between the collision probability and the ratio of control slots number to total slots number is derived. Further derivation leads to the relationship between the available capacity and node density, transmission rate, transmission range, hop counts, and the ratio of control slots number to total slots number. Simulation results show the optimal ratio of control slots number to total slots number. Moreover, the transmission range that achieves100%connectivity probability is formulated.
The transmission scheduling scheme specified in the mesh mode of IEEE802.16protocol has two disadvantages, low control slots utilization ratio and high three-way handshake delay. A transmission scheduling scheme, randomized self-learning transmission scheduling scheme is proposed for IEEE802.16-based wireless mesh networks to overcome these two weaknesses. Meanwhile, because the IEEE802.16protocol lacks link scheduling scheme and TDMA-based wireless mesh networks should support real-time traffic transmission, a heuristic distributed end-to-end link scheduling scheme is presented. The scheme utilizes hop-aware route discovery and sequential slots reservation scheme to reduce the end-to-end delay for delay sensitive traffic. The end-to-end delay carried out by the scheme is formulated.
The mesh mode of IEEE802.16protocol does not have the specification for handoff management scheme, and IEEE802.16-based backbone wireless mesh networks are expected to support various types of applications with diverse priorities. A pre-handoff cooperation scheme is proposed to increase the transmission reliability of roaming mesh client by the cooperation between the associated mesh router and the new routers. In addition, a QoS-aware mesh router selection scheme is presented to decrease the total blocking traffic by considering the RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator), traffic priority and bandwidth requirements together.
传统无线Mesh网络性能分析没有考虑基于TDMA的网络中控制时隙与总时隙比例太大或太小都会降低网络吞吐量以及网络中转发业务与新业务并存的特性。在定量分析基于TDMA的无线Mesh网络中控制时隙数目对节点碰撞概率影响的基础上,进一步分析节点密度、传输速率、传输距离、跳数、控制时隙与总时隙比等因素与有效吞吐量的关系,并通过仿真寻找理想的控制时隙与总时隙比。同时,考虑网络中不同位置的节点对网络连通性的影响不同,定量分析节点传输距离与网络连通性的关系。
现有的IEEE802.16协议Mesh规范中定义的分布式传输调度算法存在控制时隙利用率低和三次握手时延高的缺点,且没有定义详细的链路调度算法。提出一种基于IEEE802.16的无线Mesh网络传输调度算法——随机自学习传输调度算法,有效克服上述两个缺点。同时,由于基于TDMA的无线Mesh网络需要支持实时业务传输,提出一种基于IEEE802.16的无线Mesh网络启发式链路调度算法——分布式端到端链路调度算法,通过有效结合路由发现过程和链路端到端传输时隙调度过程以及连续的时隙预约机制,有效降低实时业务的端到端时延。并在此基础上对端到端时延进行定量分析。
现有的IEEE802.16协议Mesh规范中没有定义无线Mesh网络切换管理算法,但基于IEEE802.16的骨干无线Mesh网络要为不同业务提供不同优先级的服务。借鉴协作传输的优点,提出基于IEEE802.16的骨干无线Mesh网络预切换协作算法,利用空闲Mesh路由器和关联Mesh路由器之间的协作传输降低Mesh客户机在切换过程中的误码率。同时,提出基于IEEE802.16的骨干无线Mesh网络带QoS保障的Mesh路由器选择算法,综合考虑RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator,接收信号强度指示)、业务优先级和节点的带宽需求等因素选择合适的Mesh路由器,有效降低总阻塞业务量。
Wireless mesh networks are currently emerging as an efficient and promising solution for low-cost broadband Internet access. Wireless mesh networks are characterized by dynamic self-organization, self-configuration and self-healing to enable quick deployment, easy maintenance, low cost, high scalability and reliable services. Time Division Multiple Access-based (TDMA-based) wireless mesh networks and Carrier Sensing Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance-based (CSMA/CA-based) wireless mesh networks differ significantly in Medium Access Control (MAC) layer technology, topology awareness, information exchange and distributed scheduling scheme, so they cannot use same technologies. This thesis studies some theoretical and technical problems in performance analysis and resource schedule.
In traditional performance analysis for wireless mesh networks, the ratio of control slots number to total slots number and coexisting of relay traffic and forwarding traffic are not considered. The relation between the collision probability and the ratio of control slots number to total slots number is derived. Further derivation leads to the relationship between the available capacity and node density, transmission rate, transmission range, hop counts, and the ratio of control slots number to total slots number. Simulation results show the optimal ratio of control slots number to total slots number. Moreover, the transmission range that achieves100%connectivity probability is formulated.
The transmission scheduling scheme specified in the mesh mode of IEEE802.16protocol has two disadvantages, low control slots utilization ratio and high three-way handshake delay. A transmission scheduling scheme, randomized self-learning transmission scheduling scheme is proposed for IEEE802.16-based wireless mesh networks to overcome these two weaknesses. Meanwhile, because the IEEE802.16protocol lacks link scheduling scheme and TDMA-based wireless mesh networks should support real-time traffic transmission, a heuristic distributed end-to-end link scheduling scheme is presented. The scheme utilizes hop-aware route discovery and sequential slots reservation scheme to reduce the end-to-end delay for delay sensitive traffic. The end-to-end delay carried out by the scheme is formulated.
The mesh mode of IEEE802.16protocol does not have the specification for handoff management scheme, and IEEE802.16-based backbone wireless mesh networks are expected to support various types of applications with diverse priorities. A pre-handoff cooperation scheme is proposed to increase the transmission reliability of roaming mesh client by the cooperation between the associated mesh router and the new routers. In addition, a QoS-aware mesh router selection scheme is presented to decrease the total blocking traffic by considering the RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator), traffic priority and bandwidth requirements together.
引文
[1]BRUNO R, CONTI M, GREGORI E. Mesh networks:commodity multihop ad hoc networks[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE,2005,43(3):123-131.
[2]HOSSAIN E, LEUNG K K.无线Mesh网络构架与协议[M].易燕,李强,刘波,等,译.北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[3]AKYILDIZ I, WANG X. A survey on wireless mesh networks[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE,2005,43(9):S23-S30.
[4]ZHANG Y, LUO J, HU H.无线网状网：架构、协议与标准[M].郭达,张勇,彭晓川,译.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[5]ZHANG Y, LUO J, HU H. Wireless mesh networking:architectures, protocols and standards[M]. New York, USA:Auerbach Publications,2007.
[6]张勇,郭达.无线网状网原理与技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[7]ABRAMSON N. THE ALOHA SYSTEM-another alternative for computer communications[C]//Proceedings of AFIPS'70 (Fall):the 1970 fall joint computer conference. New York, USA:ACM Press,1970:281-285.
[8]ROULEAU R, HODGSON I. Packet radio[M]. USA:Blue Ridge Summit, PA,1981.
[9]BEYER D. Accomplishments of the DARPA SURAN program[C]//Proceedings of the Military Communications Conference (MILCOM'90). Monterey, CA:IEEE Press,1990,2:855-862.
[10]ESCOBAR J, LAUER G, STEENSTRUP M. A congestion-control algorithm for receiver-directed packet-radio networks[C]//Proceedings of the Tactical Communications Conference. Fort Wayne, Ind., USA:IEEE Press,1990:69-103.
[11]FIFER W, BRUNO F. The low-cost packet radio[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1987, 75(1):33-42.
[12]SHACHAM N, WESTCOTT J. Future directions in packet radio architectures and protocols[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1987,75(1):83-99.
[13]FREEBERSYSER JA, LEINER B. A DoD perspective on mobile ad hoc networks[M]//Ad Hoc Networking. Boston, MA, USA:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.,2001:29-51.
[14]IEEE. IEEE Std 802.11-1997 IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems-Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Specific Requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications[S]//. USA:IEEE,1997.
[15]IETF Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) Charter[EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/-html.charters/manet-charter.html.
[16]GAVRILOVSKA L, PRASAD R. Ad hoc networking towards seamless communications[M]. Netherlands:Springer,2006.
[17]IEEE. IEEE Std 802.16-2004 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.16-2001) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems[S]//. USA:IEEE,2004:1-857.
[18]IEEE. IEEE P802.11s/D12.0 IEEE Draft Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications-Amendment 10:Mesh Networking[S]//. USA: IEEE,2011.
[19]IEEE. IEEE Std 802.15.5-2009 IEEE Recommended Practice for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 15.5:Mesh Topology Capability in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)[S]/A USA:IEEE,2009:1-166.
[20]MeshNetworks[EB/OL]. http://www.motorola.com/Business/US-EN/-Business+Product+and+Services/Wireless+Broadband+Networks/Mesh+Networks/.
[21]SkyPilotNetworks[EB/OL]. http://www.skypilot.com/.
[22]TroposNetworks[EB/OL]. http://www.tropos.com/.
[23]Intel Research[EB/OL]. http://www.intel.com/research/exploratory/heterogeneous.htm.
[24]Microsoft Mesh Networks Research[EB/OL]. http://research.microsoft.com/mesh/.
[25]Radiant Networks[EB/OL]. http://www.radiant-networks.com/.
[26]WiliBox[EB/OL]. http://www.wilibox.com/.
[27]Essentia Wifless[EB/OL]. http://www.wifless.com/pagina.asp?id=39.
[28]MIT Roofnet[EB/OL]. http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/roofhet/doku.php.
[29]Georgia Institute of Technology BWN-Mesh[EB/OL]. http://www.ece.gatech.edu/-research/labs/bwn/mesh/.
[30]State University of New York Hyacinth[EB/OL]. http://www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu/-multichannel/.
[31]University of Illinois Net-X[EB/OL]. http://www.crhc.uiuc.edu/wireless/netx.html.
[32]D. A. MALTZ J B, JOHNSON D B. Experiences designing and building a multi-hop wireless ad hoc network testbed[EB/OL]. http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/1999/-CMU-CS-99-116.pdf.
[33]张学聃,洪珺,张林,等.并行图染色的无线网状网络媒体接入控制[J].北京邮电大学学报,2007,30(6)：36-39,50.
[34]杜维,罗海燕,张朝阳,等.联合路由、信道分配和调度的无线Mesh网络容量[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2009,43(4)：616-620.
[35]张勇,蔡杰,宋梅,等.多速率无线Mesh网络中节点吞吐量分析模型[J].北京邮电大学学报,2008,31(3)：71-75.
[36]王英杰,刘觅,吴振华,等.无线Mesh网络的最大并发公平调度[J].北京邮电大学学报,2007,30(4)：33-36.
[37]马书惠,纪红,乐光新.无线Ad Hoc网络在分层协议约束下的容量分析[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2007,25(1)：18-24.
[38]YOU L, SONG M, SONG J. Multi-service scheduling mechanism with QoS guarantee for centralized scheduling of WiMax mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 Global Mobile Congress. Beijing, China:IEEE Press,2009:1-6.
[39]宋文,方旭明.基于动态规划法的无线Mesh网络QoS路由算法和性能评价[J].电子 与信息学报,2007,29(12)：3001-3005.
[40]ZHANG Y, GAO X, YOU X. The IEEE 802.16 mesh mode coordinated distributed scheduling can be collision free[J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2008, 7(12):5161-5165.
[41]曾智慧,刘富强,陶健,等IEEE 802.16 Mesh模式下MAC调度机制的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(23)：135-138,155.
[42]LIU F, ZENG Z, TAO J, et al. Achieving QoS for IEEE 802.16 in mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Informatics. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA:Texas Tech University,2005,5:3102-3106.
[43]戴沁芸.无线自组织网络容量的研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006.
[44]刘靖永.多跳无线网络容量与资源优化技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2010.
[45]JIAN C, JIE J, YING-YOU W, et al. Efficient link scheduling for TDMA based WMN using multi-objective genetic algorithm[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing:Theories and Applications (BIC-TA). Liverpool, UK:IEEE Press,2010:923-927.
[46]李云,隆克平,赵为粮,等.无线多跳Ad hoc网络中MAC机制的公平性与网络容量利用率[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(2)：333-339.
[47]LI Y, WEI D, ZHUANG H, et al. A new congestion control method for IEEE 802.16 mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN'09). Macau, China:IEEE Press,2009:726-730.
[48]KANODIA V, SABHARWAL A, SADEGHI B, et al. Ordered packet scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks:mechanisms and performance analysis[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing (MobiHoc'02). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2002:58-70.
[49]LI J, BLAKE C, DE COUTO D S, et al. Capacity of ad hoc wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'01). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2001:61-69.
[50]DJUKIC P, VALAEE S. Delay aware link scheduling for multi-hop TDMA wireless networks[J]. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on,2009,17(3):870-883.
[51]HOSSAIN E, LEUNG K K. Wireless mesh networks:architectures and protocols[M]. New York, USA:Springer,2007.
[52]RIGGIO R, SCALABRINO N, MIORANDI D, et al. Wireless mesh metworks:state of the art and research directions[R]. Trento, Italy:CREATE-NET,2007.
[53]MISRA S, MISRA S C, WOUNGANG I. Guide to wireless mesh networks[M]. London, UK:Springer,2009.
[54]陈林星,曾毅,曹毅.移动Ad Hoc网络——自组织分组无线网络技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[55]ILYAS M. The handbook of ad hoc wireless networks[M]. Boca Raton, FL, USA:CRC Press,2003.
[56]RAM M C S, S. M B. Ad hoc wireless networks:architectures and protocols[M]. Upper Saddle River, NU, USA:Prentice Hall,2004.
[57]WU C, LI V. Receiver-initiated busy-tone multiple access in packet radio networks[C]//Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Frontiers in computer communications technology (SIGCOMM'87). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,1988:336-342.
[58]TALUCCI F, GERLA M. MACA-BI (MACA by invitation). A wireless MAC protocol for high speed ad hoc networking[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 6th International Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC'97). San Diego, CA, USA:IEEE Press,1997,2:913-917.
[59]TOH C K, VASSILIOU V, GUICHAL G, et al. MARCH:a medium access control protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000). Los Angeles, CA, USA:IEEE Press,2000,1:512-516.
[60]KARN P. MACA-a new channel access method for packet radio[C]//Proceedings of ARRL/CCRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference. London, Ontario, Canada: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corp.,1990:134-140.
[61]BHARGHAVAN V, DEMERS A, SHENKER S, et al. MACAW:a media access protocol for wireless LAN's[C]//Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications (SIGCOMM'94). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,1994:212-225.
[62]FULLMER C L, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J J. Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks[C]//Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM'95). New York, NY, USA: ACM Press,1995:262-273.
[63]TOBAGI F, KLEINROCK L. Packet switching in radio channels:part II-the hidden terminal problem in carrier sense multiple-access and the busy-tone solution[J]. Communications, IEEE Transactions on,1975,23(12):1417-1433.
[64]HAAS Z, DENG J. Dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA)-a multiple access control scheme for ad hoc networks [J]. Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2002,50(6):975-985.
[65]JAGADEESAN S, MANOJ B, MURTHY C. Interleaved carrier sense multiple access:an efficient MAC protocol for ad hoc wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'03). Anchorage Alaska, USA:IEEE Press,2003, 2:1124-1128.
[66]JIANG S, RAO J, HE D, et al. A simple distributed PRMA for MANETs[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,2002,51(2):293-305.
[67]PATRA R, NEDEVSCHI S, SURANA S, et al. WiLDNet:design and implementation of high performance WiFi based long distance networks[C]//Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design& Implementation. Cambridge, MA, USA:ACM Press, 2007:87-100.
[68]TANG Z, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J. A protocol for topology-dependent transmission scheduling in wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 1999). New Orleans, LA, USA:IEEE Press,1999,3:1333-1337.
[69]YANG Z, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J. Hop-reservation multiple access (HRMA) for ad-hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Computer Communication (INFOCOM'99). New York, NY, USA:IEEE Press,1999,1:194-201.
[70]ZHU C, CORSON M S. A five-phase reservation protocol (FPRP) for mobile ad hoc networks[J]. Wireless Networks,2001,7(4):371-384.
[71]NEDEVSCHI S, PATRA R K, SURANA S, et al. An adaptive, high performance mac for long-distance multihop wireless networks [C]//Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom'08). New York, NY, USA:ACM, 2008:259-270.
[72]LIN C R, GERLA M. Real-time support in multihop wireless networks [J]. Wireless Networks,1999,5(2):125-135.
[73]MANOJ B, SIVA RAM MURTHY C. Real-time traffic support for ad hoc wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON 2002). Singapore:IEEE Press,2002:335-340.
[74]KOUTSONIKOLAS D, SALONIDIS T, LUNDGREN H, et al. TDM MAC protocol design and implementation for wireless mesh networks [C]//Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference (CONEXT'08). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2008:1-12.
[75]LEE M, ZHENG J, KO Y B, et al. Emerging standards for wireless mesh technology [J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE,2006,13(2):56-63.
[76]PATHAK H, DUTTA R. A survey of network design problems and joint design approaches in wireless mesh networks[J]. Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE,2010,13(3):396-428.
[77]GUPTA P, KUMAR P. The capacity of wireless networks[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2000,46(2):388-404.
[78]郭中华,史浩山.基于欧氏最小生成树的无线Ad Hoc网络容量研究[J].传感技术学报,2008,21(10)：1750-1754.
[79]LEE S H, CHUNG S Y. Capacity scaling of wireless ad hoc networks:Effect of finite wavelength[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings (ISIT 2010). Austin, Texas, USA:IEEE Press,2010:1713-1717.
[80]FRANCESCHETTI M, DOUSSE O, TSE D N C, et al. Closing the gap in the capacity of wireless networks via percolation theory[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2007, 53(3):1009-1018.
[81]FRANCESCHETTI M, MIGLIORE M D, MINERO P. The capacity of wireless networks: Information-theoretic and physical limits[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2009, 55(8):3413-3424.
[82]KULKARNI S R, VISWANATH P. A deterministic approach to throughput scaling in wireless networks[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2004,50(6):1041-1049.
[83]GROSSGLAUSER M, TSE D N C. Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks[J]. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on,2002,10(4):477-486.
[84]ZHOU P, WANG X, RAO R. Asymptotic capacity of infrastructure wireless mesh networks[J]. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on,2008,7(8):1011-1024.
[85]ZEMLIANOV A, DE VECIANA G. Capacity of ad hoc wireless networks with infrastructure support[J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on,2005, 23(3):657-667.
[86]JUN J, PEDDABACHAGARI P, SICHITIU M. Theoretical maximum throughput of IEEE 802.11 and its applications[C]//Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA'03). Washington, DC, USA:IEEE Press, 2003:249-256.
[87]HUANG J H, WANG L C, CHANG C J. Coverage and capacity of a wireless mesh network[C]//Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing. Maui, HI, USA:IEEE Press,2005,1:458-463.
[88]LEU F Y, HUANG Y T. Maximum capacity in chain-topology wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS 2008). Pomona, California, USA:IEEE Press,2008:250-259.
[89]MIORANDO E, GRANELLI F. On connectivity and capacity of wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'07). Glasgow, Scotland:IEEE Press,2007:91-95.
[90]HUANG J H, WANG L C, CHANG C J. Capacity and QoS for a scalable ring-based wireless mesh network[J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on,2006, 24(11):2070-2080.
[91]CHEN Y, ZHU G, YANG Y, et al. On the capacity and scalability of wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, (WiCOM'08). Dalian, China:IEEE Press,2008:1-5.
[92]JUN J, SICHITIU M. The nominal capacity of wireless mesh networks[J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE,2003,10(5):8-14.
[93]TAY Y C, CHUA K C. A capacity analysis for the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol[J]. Wireless Networks,2001,7(2):159-171.
[94]AKHTAR N, K. M. Capacity of grid-oriented wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 3rd International Conference onCommunication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops (COMSWARE 2008). Bangalore, India:IEEE Press,2008:631-636.
[95]KHALAF-BITAR R, RUBIN I. Throughput-capacity and bit-per-joule performance of IEEE 802.11 based wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 8th IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2009). Haifa, Israel:IEEE Press, 2009:34-41.
[96]CHENG Y, LI H, WAN P, et al. Capacity region of a wireless mesh backhaul network over the CSMA/CA MAC[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 INFOCOM. San Diego, California, US:IEEE Press,2010:1-5.
[97]MOLLE C, VOGE M E. A quantitative analysis of the capacity of wireless mesh networks[J]. Communications Letters, IEEE,2010,14(5):438-40.
[98]CAO M, MA W, ZHANG Q, et al. Modelling and performance analysis of the distributed scheduler in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc'05). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press, 2005:78-89.
[99]GE Y, THAM C K, KONG P Y, et al. Dynamic end-to-end capacity in IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks[J]. Computer Networks, Elsevier,2010,54(13):2147-2165.
[100]GE Y, THAM C K, KONG P Y, et al. Capacity estimation for IEEE 802.16 wireless multi-hop mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2008). Las Vegas, USA:IEEE Press,2008:2651-2656.
[101]KRENZ R. IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks capacity estimation using collision domains[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks (MESH'09). Washington, DC, USA:IEEE Press,2009:115-119.
[102]KRENZ R. IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks capacity assessment using collision domains[J]. Advances in Internet Technology, International Journal On,2010,3(1):77-87.
[103]TSE D, VISWANATH P.无线通信基础[M].李锵,周进,译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[104]RAPPAPORT T. Wireless communications:Principles and practice[M].2nd. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA:Prentice Hall PTR,2001.
[105]GLODSMITHA无线通信[M].杨鸿文,李卫东,郭文彬,译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[106]SOBRINHO J, KRISHNAKUMAR A. Quality-of-service in ad hoc carrier sense multiple access wireless networks[J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on,1999, 17(8):1353-1368.
[107]JUN J, SICHITIU M. Fairness and QoS in multihop wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2003-Fall). Orlando, Florida, USA:IEEE Press,2003,5:2936-2940.
[108]ZHAI H, FANG Y. Impact of routing metrics on path capacity in multirate and multihop wireless ad hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE 14th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'06). USA:IEEE Press,2006:86-95.
[109]ALBERT R, BARABASI AL. Statistical mechanics of complex networks[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics,2002,74(l):47-97.
[110]BETTSTETTER C. On the minimum node degree and connectivity of a wireless multihop network[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing (MobiHoc'02:). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2002:80-91.
[111]BOLLOBAS B. Random graphs[M]. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[112]KAS M, YARGICOGLU B, KORPEOGLU I, et al. A survey on scheduling in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode[J]. Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE,2010,12(2):205-221.
[113]ABUALI N, TAHA AE, HASSANEIN H, et al. IEEE 802.16 mesh schedulers: Issues and design challenges[J]. Network, IEEE,2008,22(1):58-65.
[114]TABARSI T, KHORSANDI S. An adaptive hold-off algorithm in WiMAX mesh networks with coordinated distributed scheduling[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 Eighth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN). Paris, France:IEEE Press, 2011:1-5.
[115]BAYER N, XU B, RAKOCEVIC V, et al. Improving the performance of the distributed scheduler in IEEE 802.16 mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 65th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2007 (VTC2007-Spring). Dublin, Ireland:IEEE Press,2007:1193-1197.
[116]KIM B C, KWAK D G, SONG H, et al. An adaptive holdoff algorithm based on node state for IEEE 802.16 mesh mode with coordinated distributed scheduling[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2008). Cannes, French Riviera, France:IEEE Press,2008:1-5.
[117]DE A. CASTRO CESAR C, DA FONSECA N L S, DE CARVALHO S V. Adjusting holdoff time of the IEEE 802.16 in mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS'09). Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE Press, 2009:239-243.
[118]LIU Z X, YANG F, LIU Z B, et al. A dynamic holdoff scheme in IEEE 802.16 distributed scheduling mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE 2010). Hefei, Anhui, China:IEEE Press,2010:937-940.
[119]WANG S Y, LIN C C, CHU H W, et al. Improving the performances of distributed coordinated scheduling in IEEE 802.16 mesh networks[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,2008,57(4):2531-2547.
[120]LOSCRI V. A new distributed scheduling scheme for wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2007). Athens, Greece:IEEE Press,2007:1-5.
[121]KAPOOR A, RIBEIRO V. An end-to-end QoS aware greedy distributed scheduling framework for WiMAX mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). Bangalore, India:IEEE Press,2010:1-8.
[122]DJUKIC P, VALAEE S. Link scheduling for minimum delay in spatial re-use TDMA[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 26th International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007). Anchorage, Alaska, USA:IEEE Press,2007:28-36.
[123]KRICHENE N, BOUDRIGA N. QoS scheduling for IEEE 802.16e mesh mode using genetic algorithms[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems (WINSYS). Athens, Greece:IEEE Press,2010:1-8.
[124]BAYER N, XU B, RAKOCEVIC V, et al. Application-aware scheduling for VoIP in wireless mesh networks[J]. Computer Networks, Elsevier,2010,54(2):257-277.
[125]HAN B, JIA W, LIN L. Performance evaluation of scheduling in IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks[J]. Computer Communications, Elsevier,2007,30(4):782-792.
[126]HONG CY, PANG AC, WU J L. QoS routing and scheduling in TDMA based wireless mesh backhaul networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2007). Hong Kong, China:IEEE Press,2007:3232-3237.
[127]CAPPANERA P, LENZINI L, LORI A, et al. Link scheduling with end-to-end delay constraints in wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks & Workshops (WoWMoM 2009). Kos, Greece:IEEE Press,2009:1-9.
[128]CAO M, MA W, ZHANG Q, et al. Analysis of IEEE 802.16 mesh mode scheduler performance [J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2007,6:4.
[129]COLE R G, ROSENBLUTH J H. Voice over IP performance monitoring[J]. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, ACM,2001,31:9-24.
[130]MIEGHEM P V. Performance analysis of communications networks and systems[M]. New York, USA:Cambridge University Press,2006.
[131]PERKINS C, ROYER E. Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing[C]//Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Second Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA'99). New Orleans, Louisiana, USA:IEEE Press,1999:90-100.
[132]PERKINS C, BELDING-ROYER E, DAS S. Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing[S]//RFC 3561. USA:IETF Network Working Group,2003.
[133]Voice Over IP-Per Call Bandwidth ConsumptionJ/OL].2006-2. http://- www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk652/tk698/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094ae2.shtml.
[134]牛志升.通信网理论基础(初稿)[M].北京：[出版者不详],2008.
[135]BERTSEKAS D P, GALLAGER R G. Data networks (2nd Edition)[M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA:Prentice Hall, Inc.,1992.
[136]WU K, HARMS J. Performance study of proactive flow handoff for mobile ad hoc networks[J]. Wireless Networks,2006,12(1):119-135.
[137]XIE J, WANG X. A survey of mobility management in hybrid wireless mesh networks[J]. Network, IEEE,2008,22(6):34-40.
[138]AKYILDIZ I, WANG X. Wireless mesh networks[M]. Chichester, U.K.:Wiley Press, 2009.
[139]802.16A TASK GROUP I. IEEE Std 802.16a-2003 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.16-2001) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems-Amendment 2:Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2-11 GHz[S]//. USA:IEEE,2003:1-292.
[140]802.16E TASK GROUP I. IEEE Std 802.16e-2005 and IEEE Std 802.16-2004/Cor 1-2005 (Amendment and Corrigendum to IEEE Std 802.16-2004) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2:Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum 1[S]//. USA:IEEE,2005:1-822.
[141]MISHRA A, SHIN M, ARBAUGH W. An empirical analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer handoff process[J]. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, ACM,2003, 33(2):93-102.
[142]MISHRA A, SHIN M, ARBAUSH W. Context caching using neighbor graphs for fast handoffs in a wireless network[C]//Proceedings of the Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE INFOCOM'04). Hong Kong, China:IEEE Press,2004,1:356-361.
[143]VO H Q, HONG C S. A novel scheme for seamless hand-off in wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future (RTVF'08). Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam:IEEE Press,2008:147-153.
[144]ZHANG Z, BOUKERCHE A. An efficient MAC layer handoff scheme for WiFi-based multichannel wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'09). Dresden, Germany:IEEE Press,2009:1-5.
[145]HE Y, PERKINS D. BASH:A backhaul-aided seamless handoff scheme for wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM'08). Newport Beach, CA, USA:IEEE Press,2008:1-8.
[146]RAMANI I, SAVAGE S. SyncScan:Practical fast handoff for 802.11 infrastructure networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and. Communications Societies (IEEE INFOCOM'05). Miami, Florida, USA:IEEE Press,2005, 1:675-684.
[147]BRIK V, MISHRA A, BANERJEE S. Eliminating handoff latencies in 802.11 WLANs using multiple radios:applications, experience, and evaluation[C]//Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement (IMC'05). Berkeley, CA, USA:USENIX Association,2005:299-304.
[148]SHIN S, FORTE A G, RAWAT A S, et al. Reducing MAC layer handoff latency in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Mobility Management & Wireless Access Protocols (MobiWac'04). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press, 2004:19-26.
[149]MUSTAFA N, MAHMOOD W, CHAUDHRY A, et al. Pre-scanning and dynamic caching for fast handoff at MAC layer in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems Conference. Los Alamitos, CA, USA:IEEE Press,2005:105-122.
[150]REZGUI J, HAFID A, GENDREAU M, et al. Congestion-aware clique-based handoff in wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN'09). Fujian, China:IEEE Press,2009:388-395.
[151]OMHENI N, ZARAI F, KAMOUN L. Efficient MAC layer handoff management scheme for wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT'10). Doha, Qatar:IEEE Press,2010:387-392.
[152]BROCH J, MALTZ D A, JOHNSON D B, et al. A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols[C]//Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,1998:85-97.
[2]HOSSAIN E, LEUNG K K.无线Mesh网络构架与协议[M].易燕,李强,刘波,等,译.北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[3]AKYILDIZ I, WANG X. A survey on wireless mesh networks[J]. Communications Magazine, IEEE,2005,43(9):S23-S30.
[4]ZHANG Y, LUO J, HU H.无线网状网：架构、协议与标准[M].郭达,张勇,彭晓川,译.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[5]ZHANG Y, LUO J, HU H. Wireless mesh networking:architectures, protocols and standards[M]. New York, USA:Auerbach Publications,2007.
[6]张勇,郭达.无线网状网原理与技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[7]ABRAMSON N. THE ALOHA SYSTEM-another alternative for computer communications[C]//Proceedings of AFIPS'70 (Fall):the 1970 fall joint computer conference. New York, USA:ACM Press,1970:281-285.
[8]ROULEAU R, HODGSON I. Packet radio[M]. USA:Blue Ridge Summit, PA,1981.
[9]BEYER D. Accomplishments of the DARPA SURAN program[C]//Proceedings of the Military Communications Conference (MILCOM'90). Monterey, CA:IEEE Press,1990,2:855-862.
[10]ESCOBAR J, LAUER G, STEENSTRUP M. A congestion-control algorithm for receiver-directed packet-radio networks[C]//Proceedings of the Tactical Communications Conference. Fort Wayne, Ind., USA:IEEE Press,1990:69-103.
[11]FIFER W, BRUNO F. The low-cost packet radio[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1987, 75(1):33-42.
[12]SHACHAM N, WESTCOTT J. Future directions in packet radio architectures and protocols[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE,1987,75(1):83-99.
[13]FREEBERSYSER JA, LEINER B. A DoD perspective on mobile ad hoc networks[M]//Ad Hoc Networking. Boston, MA, USA:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.,2001:29-51.
[14]IEEE. IEEE Std 802.11-1997 IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems-Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Specific Requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications[S]//. USA:IEEE,1997.
[15]IETF Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) Charter[EB/OL]. http://www.ietf.org/-html.charters/manet-charter.html.
[16]GAVRILOVSKA L, PRASAD R. Ad hoc networking towards seamless communications[M]. Netherlands:Springer,2006.
[17]IEEE. IEEE Std 802.16-2004 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.16-2001) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems[S]//. USA:IEEE,2004:1-857.
[18]IEEE. IEEE P802.11s/D12.0 IEEE Draft Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements-Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications-Amendment 10:Mesh Networking[S]//. USA: IEEE,2011.
[19]IEEE. IEEE Std 802.15.5-2009 IEEE Recommended Practice for Information technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 15.5:Mesh Topology Capability in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)[S]/A USA:IEEE,2009:1-166.
[20]MeshNetworks[EB/OL]. http://www.motorola.com/Business/US-EN/-Business+Product+and+Services/Wireless+Broadband+Networks/Mesh+Networks/.
[21]SkyPilotNetworks[EB/OL]. http://www.skypilot.com/.
[22]TroposNetworks[EB/OL]. http://www.tropos.com/.
[23]Intel Research[EB/OL]. http://www.intel.com/research/exploratory/heterogeneous.htm.
[24]Microsoft Mesh Networks Research[EB/OL]. http://research.microsoft.com/mesh/.
[25]Radiant Networks[EB/OL]. http://www.radiant-networks.com/.
[26]WiliBox[EB/OL]. http://www.wilibox.com/.
[27]Essentia Wifless[EB/OL]. http://www.wifless.com/pagina.asp?id=39.
[28]MIT Roofnet[EB/OL]. http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/roofhet/doku.php.
[29]Georgia Institute of Technology BWN-Mesh[EB/OL]. http://www.ece.gatech.edu/-research/labs/bwn/mesh/.
[30]State University of New York Hyacinth[EB/OL]. http://www.ecsl.cs.sunysb.edu/-multichannel/.
[31]University of Illinois Net-X[EB/OL]. http://www.crhc.uiuc.edu/wireless/netx.html.
[32]D. A. MALTZ J B, JOHNSON D B. Experiences designing and building a multi-hop wireless ad hoc network testbed[EB/OL]. http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/1999/-CMU-CS-99-116.pdf.
[33]张学聃,洪珺,张林,等.并行图染色的无线网状网络媒体接入控制[J].北京邮电大学学报,2007,30(6)：36-39,50.
[34]杜维,罗海燕,张朝阳,等.联合路由、信道分配和调度的无线Mesh网络容量[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2009,43(4)：616-620.
[35]张勇,蔡杰,宋梅,等.多速率无线Mesh网络中节点吞吐量分析模型[J].北京邮电大学学报,2008,31(3)：71-75.
[36]王英杰,刘觅,吴振华,等.无线Mesh网络的最大并发公平调度[J].北京邮电大学学报,2007,30(4)：33-36.
[37]马书惠,纪红,乐光新.无线Ad Hoc网络在分层协议约束下的容量分析[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2007,25(1)：18-24.
[38]YOU L, SONG M, SONG J. Multi-service scheduling mechanism with QoS guarantee for centralized scheduling of WiMax mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 Global Mobile Congress. Beijing, China:IEEE Press,2009:1-6.
[39]宋文,方旭明.基于动态规划法的无线Mesh网络QoS路由算法和性能评价[J].电子 与信息学报,2007,29(12)：3001-3005.
[40]ZHANG Y, GAO X, YOU X. The IEEE 802.16 mesh mode coordinated distributed scheduling can be collision free[J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2008, 7(12):5161-5165.
[41]曾智慧,刘富强,陶健,等IEEE 802.16 Mesh模式下MAC调度机制的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,41(23)：135-138,155.
[42]LIU F, ZENG Z, TAO J, et al. Achieving QoS for IEEE 802.16 in mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Science and Informatics. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA:Texas Tech University,2005,5:3102-3106.
[43]戴沁芸.无线自组织网络容量的研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006.
[44]刘靖永.多跳无线网络容量与资源优化技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2010.
[45]JIAN C, JIE J, YING-YOU W, et al. Efficient link scheduling for TDMA based WMN using multi-objective genetic algorithm[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing:Theories and Applications (BIC-TA). Liverpool, UK:IEEE Press,2010:923-927.
[46]李云,隆克平,赵为粮,等.无线多跳Ad hoc网络中MAC机制的公平性与网络容量利用率[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(2)：333-339.
[47]LI Y, WEI D, ZHUANG H, et al. A new congestion control method for IEEE 802.16 mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN'09). Macau, China:IEEE Press,2009:726-730.
[48]KANODIA V, SABHARWAL A, SADEGHI B, et al. Ordered packet scheduling in wireless ad hoc networks:mechanisms and performance analysis[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking & Computing (MobiHoc'02). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2002:58-70.
[49]LI J, BLAKE C, DE COUTO D S, et al. Capacity of ad hoc wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the 7th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'01). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2001:61-69.
[50]DJUKIC P, VALAEE S. Delay aware link scheduling for multi-hop TDMA wireless networks[J]. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on,2009,17(3):870-883.
[51]HOSSAIN E, LEUNG K K. Wireless mesh networks:architectures and protocols[M]. New York, USA:Springer,2007.
[52]RIGGIO R, SCALABRINO N, MIORANDI D, et al. Wireless mesh metworks:state of the art and research directions[R]. Trento, Italy:CREATE-NET,2007.
[53]MISRA S, MISRA S C, WOUNGANG I. Guide to wireless mesh networks[M]. London, UK:Springer,2009.
[54]陈林星,曾毅,曹毅.移动Ad Hoc网络——自组织分组无线网络技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[55]ILYAS M. The handbook of ad hoc wireless networks[M]. Boca Raton, FL, USA:CRC Press,2003.
[56]RAM M C S, S. M B. Ad hoc wireless networks:architectures and protocols[M]. Upper Saddle River, NU, USA:Prentice Hall,2004.
[57]WU C, LI V. Receiver-initiated busy-tone multiple access in packet radio networks[C]//Proceedings of the ACM workshop on Frontiers in computer communications technology (SIGCOMM'87). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,1988:336-342.
[58]TALUCCI F, GERLA M. MACA-BI (MACA by invitation). A wireless MAC protocol for high speed ad hoc networking[C]//Proceedings of IEEE 6th International Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC'97). San Diego, CA, USA:IEEE Press,1997,2:913-917.
[59]TOH C K, VASSILIOU V, GUICHAL G, et al. MARCH:a medium access control protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Century Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2000). Los Angeles, CA, USA:IEEE Press,2000,1:512-516.
[60]KARN P. MACA-a new channel access method for packet radio[C]//Proceedings of ARRL/CCRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference. London, Ontario, Canada: Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Corp.,1990:134-140.
[61]BHARGHAVAN V, DEMERS A, SHENKER S, et al. MACAW:a media access protocol for wireless LAN's[C]//Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications (SIGCOMM'94). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,1994:212-225.
[62]FULLMER C L, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J J. Floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) for packet-radio networks[C]//Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM'95). New York, NY, USA: ACM Press,1995:262-273.
[63]TOBAGI F, KLEINROCK L. Packet switching in radio channels:part II-the hidden terminal problem in carrier sense multiple-access and the busy-tone solution[J]. Communications, IEEE Transactions on,1975,23(12):1417-1433.
[64]HAAS Z, DENG J. Dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA)-a multiple access control scheme for ad hoc networks [J]. Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2002,50(6):975-985.
[65]JAGADEESAN S, MANOJ B, MURTHY C. Interleaved carrier sense multiple access:an efficient MAC protocol for ad hoc wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'03). Anchorage Alaska, USA:IEEE Press,2003, 2:1124-1128.
[66]JIANG S, RAO J, HE D, et al. A simple distributed PRMA for MANETs[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,2002,51(2):293-305.
[67]PATRA R, NEDEVSCHI S, SURANA S, et al. WiLDNet:design and implementation of high performance WiFi based long distance networks[C]//Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design& Implementation. Cambridge, MA, USA:ACM Press, 2007:87-100.
[68]TANG Z, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J. A protocol for topology-dependent transmission scheduling in wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 1999). New Orleans, LA, USA:IEEE Press,1999,3:1333-1337.
[69]YANG Z, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J. Hop-reservation multiple access (HRMA) for ad-hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the Eighteenth Conference on Computer Communication (INFOCOM'99). New York, NY, USA:IEEE Press,1999,1:194-201.
[70]ZHU C, CORSON M S. A five-phase reservation protocol (FPRP) for mobile ad hoc networks[J]. Wireless Networks,2001,7(4):371-384.
[71]NEDEVSCHI S, PATRA R K, SURANA S, et al. An adaptive, high performance mac for long-distance multihop wireless networks [C]//Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking (MobiCom'08). New York, NY, USA:ACM, 2008:259-270.
[72]LIN C R, GERLA M. Real-time support in multihop wireless networks [J]. Wireless Networks,1999,5(2):125-135.
[73]MANOJ B, SIVA RAM MURTHY C. Real-time traffic support for ad hoc wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON 2002). Singapore:IEEE Press,2002:335-340.
[74]KOUTSONIKOLAS D, SALONIDIS T, LUNDGREN H, et al. TDM MAC protocol design and implementation for wireless mesh networks [C]//Proceedings of the 2008 ACM CoNEXT Conference (CONEXT'08). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2008:1-12.
[75]LEE M, ZHENG J, KO Y B, et al. Emerging standards for wireless mesh technology [J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE,2006,13(2):56-63.
[76]PATHAK H, DUTTA R. A survey of network design problems and joint design approaches in wireless mesh networks[J]. Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE,2010,13(3):396-428.
[77]GUPTA P, KUMAR P. The capacity of wireless networks[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2000,46(2):388-404.
[78]郭中华,史浩山.基于欧氏最小生成树的无线Ad Hoc网络容量研究[J].传感技术学报,2008,21(10)：1750-1754.
[79]LEE S H, CHUNG S Y. Capacity scaling of wireless ad hoc networks:Effect of finite wavelength[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings (ISIT 2010). Austin, Texas, USA:IEEE Press,2010:1713-1717.
[80]FRANCESCHETTI M, DOUSSE O, TSE D N C, et al. Closing the gap in the capacity of wireless networks via percolation theory[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2007, 53(3):1009-1018.
[81]FRANCESCHETTI M, MIGLIORE M D, MINERO P. The capacity of wireless networks: Information-theoretic and physical limits[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2009, 55(8):3413-3424.
[82]KULKARNI S R, VISWANATH P. A deterministic approach to throughput scaling in wireless networks[J]. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on,2004,50(6):1041-1049.
[83]GROSSGLAUSER M, TSE D N C. Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks[J]. Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on,2002,10(4):477-486.
[84]ZHOU P, WANG X, RAO R. Asymptotic capacity of infrastructure wireless mesh networks[J]. Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on,2008,7(8):1011-1024.
[85]ZEMLIANOV A, DE VECIANA G. Capacity of ad hoc wireless networks with infrastructure support[J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on,2005, 23(3):657-667.
[86]JUN J, PEDDABACHAGARI P, SICHITIU M. Theoretical maximum throughput of IEEE 802.11 and its applications[C]//Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA'03). Washington, DC, USA:IEEE Press, 2003:249-256.
[87]HUANG J H, WANG L C, CHANG C J. Coverage and capacity of a wireless mesh network[C]//Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing. Maui, HI, USA:IEEE Press,2005,1:458-463.
[88]LEU F Y, HUANG Y T. Maximum capacity in chain-topology wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium (WTS 2008). Pomona, California, USA:IEEE Press,2008:250-259.
[89]MIORANDO E, GRANELLI F. On connectivity and capacity of wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'07). Glasgow, Scotland:IEEE Press,2007:91-95.
[90]HUANG J H, WANG L C, CHANG C J. Capacity and QoS for a scalable ring-based wireless mesh network[J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on,2006, 24(11):2070-2080.
[91]CHEN Y, ZHU G, YANG Y, et al. On the capacity and scalability of wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, (WiCOM'08). Dalian, China:IEEE Press,2008:1-5.
[92]JUN J, SICHITIU M. The nominal capacity of wireless mesh networks[J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE,2003,10(5):8-14.
[93]TAY Y C, CHUA K C. A capacity analysis for the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol[J]. Wireless Networks,2001,7(2):159-171.
[94]AKHTAR N, K. M. Capacity of grid-oriented wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 3rd International Conference onCommunication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops (COMSWARE 2008). Bangalore, India:IEEE Press,2008:631-636.
[95]KHALAF-BITAR R, RUBIN I. Throughput-capacity and bit-per-joule performance of IEEE 802.11 based wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 8th IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2009). Haifa, Israel:IEEE Press, 2009:34-41.
[96]CHENG Y, LI H, WAN P, et al. Capacity region of a wireless mesh backhaul network over the CSMA/CA MAC[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 INFOCOM. San Diego, California, US:IEEE Press,2010:1-5.
[97]MOLLE C, VOGE M E. A quantitative analysis of the capacity of wireless mesh networks[J]. Communications Letters, IEEE,2010,14(5):438-40.
[98]CAO M, MA W, ZHANG Q, et al. Modelling and performance analysis of the distributed scheduler in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 6th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc'05). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press, 2005:78-89.
[99]GE Y, THAM C K, KONG P Y, et al. Dynamic end-to-end capacity in IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks[J]. Computer Networks, Elsevier,2010,54(13):2147-2165.
[100]GE Y, THAM C K, KONG P Y, et al. Capacity estimation for IEEE 802.16 wireless multi-hop mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2008 Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2008). Las Vegas, USA:IEEE Press,2008:2651-2656.
[101]KRENZ R. IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks capacity estimation using collision domains[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks (MESH'09). Washington, DC, USA:IEEE Press,2009:115-119.
[102]KRENZ R. IEEE 802.16 wireless mesh networks capacity assessment using collision domains[J]. Advances in Internet Technology, International Journal On,2010,3(1):77-87.
[103]TSE D, VISWANATH P.无线通信基础[M].李锵,周进,译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[104]RAPPAPORT T. Wireless communications:Principles and practice[M].2nd. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA:Prentice Hall PTR,2001.
[105]GLODSMITHA无线通信[M].杨鸿文,李卫东,郭文彬,译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[106]SOBRINHO J, KRISHNAKUMAR A. Quality-of-service in ad hoc carrier sense multiple access wireless networks[J]. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on,1999, 17(8):1353-1368.
[107]JUN J, SICHITIU M. Fairness and QoS in multihop wireless networks[C]//Proceedings of the 58th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2003-Fall). Orlando, Florida, USA:IEEE Press,2003,5:2936-2940.
[108]ZHAI H, FANG Y. Impact of routing metrics on path capacity in multirate and multihop wireless ad hoc networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE 14th International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP'06). USA:IEEE Press,2006:86-95.
[109]ALBERT R, BARABASI AL. Statistical mechanics of complex networks[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics,2002,74(l):47-97.
[110]BETTSTETTER C. On the minimum node degree and connectivity of a wireless multihop network[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing (MobiHoc'02:). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,2002:80-91.
[111]BOLLOBAS B. Random graphs[M]. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, 2001.
[112]KAS M, YARGICOGLU B, KORPEOGLU I, et al. A survey on scheduling in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode[J]. Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE,2010,12(2):205-221.
[113]ABUALI N, TAHA AE, HASSANEIN H, et al. IEEE 802.16 mesh schedulers: Issues and design challenges[J]. Network, IEEE,2008,22(1):58-65.
[114]TABARSI T, KHORSANDI S. An adaptive hold-off algorithm in WiMAX mesh networks with coordinated distributed scheduling[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 Eighth International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN). Paris, France:IEEE Press, 2011:1-5.
[115]BAYER N, XU B, RAKOCEVIC V, et al. Improving the performance of the distributed scheduler in IEEE 802.16 mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 65th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2007 (VTC2007-Spring). Dublin, Ireland:IEEE Press,2007:1193-1197.
[116]KIM B C, KWAK D G, SONG H, et al. An adaptive holdoff algorithm based on node state for IEEE 802.16 mesh mode with coordinated distributed scheduling[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2008). Cannes, French Riviera, France:IEEE Press,2008:1-5.
[117]DE A. CASTRO CESAR C, DA FONSECA N L S, DE CARVALHO S V. Adjusting holdoff time of the IEEE 802.16 in mesh mode[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS'09). Piscataway, NJ, USA:IEEE Press, 2009:239-243.
[118]LIU Z X, YANG F, LIU Z B, et al. A dynamic holdoff scheme in IEEE 802.16 distributed scheduling mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE 2010). Hefei, Anhui, China:IEEE Press,2010:937-940.
[119]WANG S Y, LIN C C, CHU H W, et al. Improving the performances of distributed coordinated scheduling in IEEE 802.16 mesh networks[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,2008,57(4):2531-2547.
[120]LOSCRI V. A new distributed scheduling scheme for wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2007). Athens, Greece:IEEE Press,2007:1-5.
[121]KAPOOR A, RIBEIRO V. An end-to-end QoS aware greedy distributed scheduling framework for WiMAX mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS). Bangalore, India:IEEE Press,2010:1-8.
[122]DJUKIC P, VALAEE S. Link scheduling for minimum delay in spatial re-use TDMA[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 26th International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2007). Anchorage, Alaska, USA:IEEE Press,2007:28-36.
[123]KRICHENE N, BOUDRIGA N. QoS scheduling for IEEE 802.16e mesh mode using genetic algorithms[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Wireless Information Networks and Systems (WINSYS). Athens, Greece:IEEE Press,2010:1-8.
[124]BAYER N, XU B, RAKOCEVIC V, et al. Application-aware scheduling for VoIP in wireless mesh networks[J]. Computer Networks, Elsevier,2010,54(2):257-277.
[125]HAN B, JIA W, LIN L. Performance evaluation of scheduling in IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks[J]. Computer Communications, Elsevier,2007,30(4):782-792.
[126]HONG CY, PANG AC, WU J L. QoS routing and scheduling in TDMA based wireless mesh backhaul networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2007). Hong Kong, China:IEEE Press,2007:3232-3237.
[127]CAPPANERA P, LENZINI L, LORI A, et al. Link scheduling with end-to-end delay constraints in wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Symposium on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks & Workshops (WoWMoM 2009). Kos, Greece:IEEE Press,2009:1-9.
[128]CAO M, MA W, ZHANG Q, et al. Analysis of IEEE 802.16 mesh mode scheduler performance [J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2007,6:4.
[129]COLE R G, ROSENBLUTH J H. Voice over IP performance monitoring[J]. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, ACM,2001,31:9-24.
[130]MIEGHEM P V. Performance analysis of communications networks and systems[M]. New York, USA:Cambridge University Press,2006.
[131]PERKINS C, ROYER E. Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing[C]//Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Second Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA'99). New Orleans, Louisiana, USA:IEEE Press,1999:90-100.
[132]PERKINS C, BELDING-ROYER E, DAS S. Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing[S]//RFC 3561. USA:IETF Network Working Group,2003.
[133]Voice Over IP-Per Call Bandwidth ConsumptionJ/OL].2006-2. http://- www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk652/tk698/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094ae2.shtml.
[134]牛志升.通信网理论基础(初稿)[M].北京：[出版者不详],2008.
[135]BERTSEKAS D P, GALLAGER R G. Data networks (2nd Edition)[M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA:Prentice Hall, Inc.,1992.
[136]WU K, HARMS J. Performance study of proactive flow handoff for mobile ad hoc networks[J]. Wireless Networks,2006,12(1):119-135.
[137]XIE J, WANG X. A survey of mobility management in hybrid wireless mesh networks[J]. Network, IEEE,2008,22(6):34-40.
[138]AKYILDIZ I, WANG X. Wireless mesh networks[M]. Chichester, U.K.:Wiley Press, 2009.
[139]802.16A TASK GROUP I. IEEE Std 802.16a-2003 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.16-2001) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems-Amendment 2:Medium Access Control Modifications and Additional Physical Layer Specifications for 2-11 GHz[S]//. USA:IEEE,2003:1-292.
[140]802.16E TASK GROUP I. IEEE Std 802.16e-2005 and IEEE Std 802.16-2004/Cor 1-2005 (Amendment and Corrigendum to IEEE Std 802.16-2004) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16:Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2:Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands and Corrigendum 1[S]//. USA:IEEE,2005:1-822.
[141]MISHRA A, SHIN M, ARBAUGH W. An empirical analysis of the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer handoff process[J]. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, ACM,2003, 33(2):93-102.
[142]MISHRA A, SHIN M, ARBAUSH W. Context caching using neighbor graphs for fast handoffs in a wireless network[C]//Proceedings of the Twenty-third AnnualJoint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE INFOCOM'04). Hong Kong, China:IEEE Press,2004,1:356-361.
[143]VO H Q, HONG C S. A novel scheme for seamless hand-off in wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future (RTVF'08). Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam:IEEE Press,2008:147-153.
[144]ZHANG Z, BOUKERCHE A. An efficient MAC layer handoff scheme for WiFi-based multichannel wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'09). Dresden, Germany:IEEE Press,2009:1-5.
[145]HE Y, PERKINS D. BASH:A backhaul-aided seamless handoff scheme for wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM'08). Newport Beach, CA, USA:IEEE Press,2008:1-8.
[146]RAMANI I, SAVAGE S. SyncScan:Practical fast handoff for 802.11 infrastructure networks[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and. Communications Societies (IEEE INFOCOM'05). Miami, Florida, USA:IEEE Press,2005, 1:675-684.
[147]BRIK V, MISHRA A, BANERJEE S. Eliminating handoff latencies in 802.11 WLANs using multiple radios:applications, experience, and evaluation[C]//Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement (IMC'05). Berkeley, CA, USA:USENIX Association,2005:299-304.
[148]SHIN S, FORTE A G, RAWAT A S, et al. Reducing MAC layer handoff latency in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Mobility Management & Wireless Access Protocols (MobiWac'04). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press, 2004:19-26.
[149]MUSTAFA N, MAHMOOD W, CHAUDHRY A, et al. Pre-scanning and dynamic caching for fast handoff at MAC layer in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems Conference. Los Alamitos, CA, USA:IEEE Press,2005:105-122.
[150]REZGUI J, HAFID A, GENDREAU M, et al. Congestion-aware clique-based handoff in wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN'09). Fujian, China:IEEE Press,2009:388-395.
[151]OMHENI N, ZARAI F, KAMOUN L. Efficient MAC layer handoff management scheme for wireless mesh networks[C]//Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT'10). Doha, Qatar:IEEE Press,2010:387-392.
[152]BROCH J, MALTZ D A, JOHNSON D B, et al. A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols[C]//Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98). New York, NY, USA:ACM Press,1998:85-97.