青岛崂山风景区地质灾害风险与防控研究
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摘要
地质灾害频发致使人类生命和财产都遭受了严重的损失，地质灾害研究能够帮助人类了解地质灾害发生、发展规律，由此制定出适合的地质灾害防治措施，减轻或消除人类的受灾程度。本文以青岛崂山风景区的地质灾害为主要研究对象，开展地质灾害风险评估和防控研究，为青岛崂山风景区的地质灾害防治提供决策支持，为保障地区经济建设以及人民财产安全提供必要的科技支持。
本文通过收集、整理、分析已有的地质灾害资料，并结合现场踏勘调查，确定青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的发育、分布特征，分析诱发地质灾害因子的分布规律，建立地质灾害的空间信息数据库；针对地质灾害的空间分布规律，从数据库中筛选出所需的影响因素信息，借助数理分析模型和GIS技术，对地质灾害开展危险性、易损性、风险的评估研究，划分危险性、易损性、风险等级，完成相关区划图；根据风险等级的空间分布特征，参照现行地质灾害防治原则，划分地质灾害防治分区，编制地质灾害的防治规划。
本文取得的主要研究成果如下：
（1）崂山风景区地质灾害的危险性评价
研究揭示了青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的孕灾环境，及其发育特征，选取出对地质灾害有较大影响的自然和人为因子指标，确定指标权重，利用GIS空间分析模块对地质灾害时空分布、形成条件、成灾机制进行空间分布特征分析，明确地质灾害危险性等级分布规律及特征，完成地质灾害危险性空间分布图。
（2）崂山风景区地质灾害的易损性评价
从时间易损性和空间易损性两个方面，评价了青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的易损程度。时间易损性评价中，详细分析了反映社会经济发展水平以及人口变化状况的数据，结果显示年经济增长和人口数量变化对于易损评价有着一定的影响。空间易损性评价中，详细分析了财产和人口的空间分布特征，建立了地质灾害空间易损性指标体系，开展了地质灾害空间易损性评价，并绘制了空间易损性分区图。
（3）崂山风景区地质灾害的风险评价
基于地质灾害危险性、易损性评价结果，构建崂山旅游风景区的风险评估指标体系，完成了崂山旅游风景区的地质灾害空间风险区划；对地质灾害高风险区域内的典型单体地质灾害，逐一开展风险评估，确定单体地质灾害的风险等级及影响范围。
（4）崂山风景区地质灾害的风险管理
依据地质灾害防治区划的原则和分区方法，划分地质灾害的重点、次重点及一般防治区的范围；提出了不同防治区内土地利用控制规划；对典型单体地质灾害制定了相应的防治措施。本文基于以上地质灾害的风险研究成果，建立了青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的风险管理信息系统，实现了地质灾害信息的管理和实时预警发布，为地区地质灾害防治规划提供参考。
In recent years, serious natural disasters caused serious losses. The geological disaster risk research can help people to understand regularity of outbreak of geological disasters and develop a suitable geological disaster prevention and control measures to reduce or eliminate the human damage. This paper is mainly aimed at sudden geological disasters of Laoshan scenic spot in Qingdao to develop the study on risk, prevention and control, and put forward the practical geological disaster management framework, disaster prevention and mitigation measures. The paper set up comprehensive risk assessment management system in the region.
This paper study the geological disaster characteristics of Laoshan scenic spot in Qingdao. By collecting, sorting and analysis of the data, which include the site survey, maps and historical document data to determine characteristics of development and distribution of geological disasters of Laoshan scenic spot in Qingdao, and analysis the induced geological hazard factor. The geological disaster risk, vulnerability and risk assessment was finished to analysis the factors with the aid of mathematical analysis model and GIS technology. According to the risk spatial distribution characteristics of the geological hazard to differentiate prevention and control division, the paper put forward geological disaster prevention and control strategy.
This paper taking Laoshan tourism scenic as an empirical study, the following results were obtained:
(1) The hazard assessment of geological disasters
Disaster environment and development characteristics of geological disasters are analyzed in detail. Natural and man-made factors of larger effect on geological disaster were selected to determine the index weight. The paper analysis spatial distribution of geological disasters, disaster mechanism, formation condition analysis using GIS spatial analysis module. According to the geological disaster spatial distribution characteristics to complete the hazard zonation map.
(2) The vulnerability assessment of geological disasters
Starting from the two aspects of time and space of vulnerability to research the degree of vulnerability of disaster in Laoshan scenic spot. From the historical statistical data on life distribution, the flow numbers and social economic development data, the vulnerability of the characteristics, the establishment of time vulnerability index system on geological disaster. Analysis results show that the years of economic growth and population changes affects the level of vulnerability in a certain extent. The detailed analysis of the distribution of property and population space was finished in spatial vulnerability evaluation. The paper established geological hazard spatial vulnerability index system, carried out the geological disaster space vulnerability assessment, and completed the mapping of spatial vulnerability zoning map.
(3) Geological disaster hazard risk evaluation
Through the study of geological hazards risk and vulnerability analysis, the paper built the risk evaluation index system on the basis of risk evaluation rules, and completed the geological disaster space risk zoning of the Laoshan tourist scenic spot And the monomer geological disaster risk research was carried out to determine the distribution of geological hazards risk.
(4) Geological disaster risk management
Geological disaster prevention planning management system is established according to the geological disaster risk zoning,local social and economic development level, the paper existing engineering and measures of prevention and cure, the harm of disaster degree of various factors. Land control plan is put forward based on the current social and economic development, eliminate or reduce the potential geological disasters caused by human economic construction. For geological disasters in high risk areas, the paper establish the monitoring measures to achieve geological hazards information management and real time warning issued by the information management system, and provides sufficient consideration.for regional geological hazards prevention and control planning.
本文通过收集、整理、分析已有的地质灾害资料，并结合现场踏勘调查，确定青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的发育、分布特征，分析诱发地质灾害因子的分布规律，建立地质灾害的空间信息数据库；针对地质灾害的空间分布规律，从数据库中筛选出所需的影响因素信息，借助数理分析模型和GIS技术，对地质灾害开展危险性、易损性、风险的评估研究，划分危险性、易损性、风险等级，完成相关区划图；根据风险等级的空间分布特征，参照现行地质灾害防治原则，划分地质灾害防治分区，编制地质灾害的防治规划。
本文取得的主要研究成果如下：
（1）崂山风景区地质灾害的危险性评价
研究揭示了青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的孕灾环境，及其发育特征，选取出对地质灾害有较大影响的自然和人为因子指标，确定指标权重，利用GIS空间分析模块对地质灾害时空分布、形成条件、成灾机制进行空间分布特征分析，明确地质灾害危险性等级分布规律及特征，完成地质灾害危险性空间分布图。
（2）崂山风景区地质灾害的易损性评价
从时间易损性和空间易损性两个方面，评价了青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的易损程度。时间易损性评价中，详细分析了反映社会经济发展水平以及人口变化状况的数据，结果显示年经济增长和人口数量变化对于易损评价有着一定的影响。空间易损性评价中，详细分析了财产和人口的空间分布特征，建立了地质灾害空间易损性指标体系，开展了地质灾害空间易损性评价，并绘制了空间易损性分区图。
（3）崂山风景区地质灾害的风险评价
基于地质灾害危险性、易损性评价结果，构建崂山旅游风景区的风险评估指标体系，完成了崂山旅游风景区的地质灾害空间风险区划；对地质灾害高风险区域内的典型单体地质灾害，逐一开展风险评估，确定单体地质灾害的风险等级及影响范围。
（4）崂山风景区地质灾害的风险管理
依据地质灾害防治区划的原则和分区方法，划分地质灾害的重点、次重点及一般防治区的范围；提出了不同防治区内土地利用控制规划；对典型单体地质灾害制定了相应的防治措施。本文基于以上地质灾害的风险研究成果，建立了青岛崂山风景区地质灾害的风险管理信息系统，实现了地质灾害信息的管理和实时预警发布，为地区地质灾害防治规划提供参考。
In recent years, serious natural disasters caused serious losses. The geological disaster risk research can help people to understand regularity of outbreak of geological disasters and develop a suitable geological disaster prevention and control measures to reduce or eliminate the human damage. This paper is mainly aimed at sudden geological disasters of Laoshan scenic spot in Qingdao to develop the study on risk, prevention and control, and put forward the practical geological disaster management framework, disaster prevention and mitigation measures. The paper set up comprehensive risk assessment management system in the region.
This paper study the geological disaster characteristics of Laoshan scenic spot in Qingdao. By collecting, sorting and analysis of the data, which include the site survey, maps and historical document data to determine characteristics of development and distribution of geological disasters of Laoshan scenic spot in Qingdao, and analysis the induced geological hazard factor. The geological disaster risk, vulnerability and risk assessment was finished to analysis the factors with the aid of mathematical analysis model and GIS technology. According to the risk spatial distribution characteristics of the geological hazard to differentiate prevention and control division, the paper put forward geological disaster prevention and control strategy.
This paper taking Laoshan tourism scenic as an empirical study, the following results were obtained:
(1) The hazard assessment of geological disasters
Disaster environment and development characteristics of geological disasters are analyzed in detail. Natural and man-made factors of larger effect on geological disaster were selected to determine the index weight. The paper analysis spatial distribution of geological disasters, disaster mechanism, formation condition analysis using GIS spatial analysis module. According to the geological disaster spatial distribution characteristics to complete the hazard zonation map.
(2) The vulnerability assessment of geological disasters
Starting from the two aspects of time and space of vulnerability to research the degree of vulnerability of disaster in Laoshan scenic spot. From the historical statistical data on life distribution, the flow numbers and social economic development data, the vulnerability of the characteristics, the establishment of time vulnerability index system on geological disaster. Analysis results show that the years of economic growth and population changes affects the level of vulnerability in a certain extent. The detailed analysis of the distribution of property and population space was finished in spatial vulnerability evaluation. The paper established geological hazard spatial vulnerability index system, carried out the geological disaster space vulnerability assessment, and completed the mapping of spatial vulnerability zoning map.
(3) Geological disaster hazard risk evaluation
Through the study of geological hazards risk and vulnerability analysis, the paper built the risk evaluation index system on the basis of risk evaluation rules, and completed the geological disaster space risk zoning of the Laoshan tourist scenic spot And the monomer geological disaster risk research was carried out to determine the distribution of geological hazards risk.
(4) Geological disaster risk management
Geological disaster prevention planning management system is established according to the geological disaster risk zoning,local social and economic development level, the paper existing engineering and measures of prevention and cure, the harm of disaster degree of various factors. Land control plan is put forward based on the current social and economic development, eliminate or reduce the potential geological disasters caused by human economic construction. For geological disasters in high risk areas, the paper establish the monitoring measures to achieve geological hazards information management and real time warning issued by the information management system, and provides sufficient consideration.for regional geological hazards prevention and control planning.
引文
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