异型扣式砌块自防水砌体极其抗裂研究
摘要
普通方形建筑墙体砌块(砖)由于其形状方正,水平缝和竖向缝都内外通透,
砌筑时可能由于砂浆不饱满而使其渗水。本文针对福州科能公司研制的一种异型
空心砖,阐述了该砖外形所具有的不同特点,论证了当该空心砌块在砌筑成砌体
时能自防渗的特性。为了证实该砖的防水优越性,本文分别对异型砖砌体、粘土
方形砖砌体进行了同等条件下的雨水渗透试验,结果发现异型空心砖砌体的雨水
渗透性能大大好于粘土多孔砖砌体。其次为了论证异型空心砖应用到建筑外墙中
的可靠性,本文对由该砖砌成的砌体做了基本力学性能试验,共砌筑了九组试验
模型,六组用于抗弯,三组用于抗剪。然后将抗弯抗剪结果与普通砌块砌体结果
对照。得出了异型空心砖砌体抗弯抗剪性能完全好于普通空心砖砌体的结论。
异型砌块砌体自防水的关键在于砌筑过程中不会形成通缝,但是由其它原因
如温度荷载、地基沉降导致的裂缝,就很有可能会出现里外贯通的缝隙,形成渗
漏通道。因此需要研究裂缝在异型砖砌体中的发展规律,本文首先分析普通砌块
砌体的开裂机理,在此基础上对由温变、收缩、地基沉降导致的砌体应力进行了
理论计算,并将计算结果用实例论证。其次通过建立有限元模型,通过模型计算
分析,得到了主应力分布图,从而知道了在该种荷载下的裂缝产生发展规律,并
将这一规律与工程中相应受力条件下的裂缝开展规律对照,发现本文所作有限元
能很好地在普通砖上模拟实际中的裂缝开展。在这一结论上再建立了六面异型砌
块砌体有限元模型,三面用于不同地基沉降条件下,三面用于在不同温度荷载条
件下进行有限元分析。通过不同荷载值对比,得出应力与荷载值的关系,从而为
在工程设计中通过控制沉降或温变大小,来防止该异型砖墙体裂缝的产生和开展
提供理论依据。
Horizontal and vertical mortar joint running due outside and due inside when
building with square brick,leakage may probably occur because of mortar unsaturated.
the author aim at a profiling hollow brick developed by Fuzhou Ke –Leng company,
explain its different shape which can prevent leakage when it is used to build a wall。
In order to approve its advantage of leakage preventability,we make an experiment
with the profiling hollow brick wall and common hollow brick wall respectively in
this paper。As a result the author find that the leakage preventability capability of
profiling hollow brick wall is greatly better then the common wall.
We also do an experiment to estimate the reliability of applying the profiling
brick to practice. In this paper we experiment with nine specimens,six for bending
resistance;three for shearing resistance,then we compare the test result with the data
of the ordinary wall,and we find the conclusion that the bending and shearing
resistance ability of profiling brick wall is better then the ordinary wall.
The key to the reason why the profiling brick wall is water proofing is that
run-through crack cannot be formed during the course of the building. But other
reasons such as the temperature load、foundation settlement、can usually lead to
run-through crack,which will be the channels of leakage. In order to study the
development rule of the crack appear in the profiling brick wall we firstly analyses the
mechanism of crack appear in ordinary wall and calculate the stress in the wall when
it is under the situation of temperature changes、shrink、foundation settlement,the
result will be testified by three examples. Secondly we setup element model,which
will be used to analysis the crack development rule of ordinary wall under various
conditions,the author`s summarizes is approximately coincide with the engineering
practice.
Based on this conclusion the author setup six profiling brick wall model ,three
model used to analysis stress under deformation variations caused by changes of
temperature and three caused by different settlements. Through different load value
the author get the relation between the load and the principle stress. By the conclusion
we can prevent crack by control big or small of temperature changes or settlements.
砌筑时可能由于砂浆不饱满而使其渗水。本文针对福州科能公司研制的一种异型
空心砖,阐述了该砖外形所具有的不同特点,论证了当该空心砌块在砌筑成砌体
时能自防渗的特性。为了证实该砖的防水优越性,本文分别对异型砖砌体、粘土
方形砖砌体进行了同等条件下的雨水渗透试验,结果发现异型空心砖砌体的雨水
渗透性能大大好于粘土多孔砖砌体。其次为了论证异型空心砖应用到建筑外墙中
的可靠性,本文对由该砖砌成的砌体做了基本力学性能试验,共砌筑了九组试验
模型,六组用于抗弯,三组用于抗剪。然后将抗弯抗剪结果与普通砌块砌体结果
对照。得出了异型空心砖砌体抗弯抗剪性能完全好于普通空心砖砌体的结论。
异型砌块砌体自防水的关键在于砌筑过程中不会形成通缝,但是由其它原因
如温度荷载、地基沉降导致的裂缝,就很有可能会出现里外贯通的缝隙,形成渗
漏通道。因此需要研究裂缝在异型砖砌体中的发展规律,本文首先分析普通砌块
砌体的开裂机理,在此基础上对由温变、收缩、地基沉降导致的砌体应力进行了
理论计算,并将计算结果用实例论证。其次通过建立有限元模型,通过模型计算
分析,得到了主应力分布图,从而知道了在该种荷载下的裂缝产生发展规律,并
将这一规律与工程中相应受力条件下的裂缝开展规律对照,发现本文所作有限元
能很好地在普通砖上模拟实际中的裂缝开展。在这一结论上再建立了六面异型砌
块砌体有限元模型,三面用于不同地基沉降条件下,三面用于在不同温度荷载条
件下进行有限元分析。通过不同荷载值对比,得出应力与荷载值的关系,从而为
在工程设计中通过控制沉降或温变大小,来防止该异型砖墙体裂缝的产生和开展
提供理论依据。
Horizontal and vertical mortar joint running due outside and due inside when
building with square brick,leakage may probably occur because of mortar unsaturated.
the author aim at a profiling hollow brick developed by Fuzhou Ke –Leng company,
explain its different shape which can prevent leakage when it is used to build a wall。
In order to approve its advantage of leakage preventability,we make an experiment
with the profiling hollow brick wall and common hollow brick wall respectively in
this paper。As a result the author find that the leakage preventability capability of
profiling hollow brick wall is greatly better then the common wall.
We also do an experiment to estimate the reliability of applying the profiling
brick to practice. In this paper we experiment with nine specimens,six for bending
resistance;three for shearing resistance,then we compare the test result with the data
of the ordinary wall,and we find the conclusion that the bending and shearing
resistance ability of profiling brick wall is better then the ordinary wall.
The key to the reason why the profiling brick wall is water proofing is that
run-through crack cannot be formed during the course of the building. But other
reasons such as the temperature load、foundation settlement、can usually lead to
run-through crack,which will be the channels of leakage. In order to study the
development rule of the crack appear in the profiling brick wall we firstly analyses the
mechanism of crack appear in ordinary wall and calculate the stress in the wall when
it is under the situation of temperature changes、shrink、foundation settlement,the
result will be testified by three examples. Secondly we setup element model,which
will be used to analysis the crack development rule of ordinary wall under various
conditions,the author`s summarizes is approximately coincide with the engineering
practice.
Based on this conclusion the author setup six profiling brick wall model ,three
model used to analysis stress under deformation variations caused by changes of
temperature and three caused by different settlements. Through different load value
the author get the relation between the load and the principle stress. By the conclusion
we can prevent crack by control big or small of temperature changes or settlements.
引文
[01]孙国栋.国外砖石结构的应用和发展简介.建筑结构学报,1984.5.
[02]宋黎,马云舟.根治多层房屋外墙渗水措施.上海建设科技, 2000.6
[03]周昌盛.墙体渗漏与防治. 混凝土与水泥制品,2000 年第三期.
[04]何鸿浩. 建筑物裂缝的成因分析及防治措施的研究.天津大学研究生论文,2003.1.
[05]吴国强.墙体渗漏原因与防治技术的研讨. 武钢技术,1999.7 .
[06]朱宾,彭立新,等.建筑外墙渗漏水机理及防治对策. 施工技术.2004.9.
[07]15Mallet R J. Structural Behavior of Masonry Elements. Int. Conf. on Planning
and Design of Tall BUILDINGS,1972,VOL:3
[08]16Surtherland R J M. Structural Design of Masonry Buildings. Int. Conf. on
Planing and DESIGN OF Tall Buildings,1972,Vol:3
[09]Grimm CT.Strength and related Properties of Brick Masonry .proceedings ASCE,
St ucrtual Division.vol.101,No.ST1,1975(1)
[10]Hendry A W. Structural Brickwork,John New York Wiley and sons,1981
[11]王铁梦. 工程结构裂缝控制 . 北京:中国建筑工业出版社 .2002.1
[12]中华人民共和国建设部.砌体结构设计规范(GB50003—2001).北京:中国建筑工业出版
社,2001.
[13] 中华人民共和国建设部.建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法(JGJ70—90). 北京:中国建筑
工业出版社,1990.
[14] 中华人民共和国建设部.烧结空心砖和空心砌块(GB13545—2003). 北京:中国建筑
工业出版社,2003.
[15] 中华人民共和国建设部.砌墙砖试验方法(GB/T2542-92). 北京:中国建筑工业出版
社,1992.
[16] 中华人民共和国建设部.多孔砖砌体结构技术规范(JGJ137—2001、J129—2001). 北
京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[17] 中华人民共和国建设部.砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准(GBJ129-90).北京:中国建
筑工业出版社,1990.
[18]施楚贤.砌体结构理论与设计. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社 1992.9.
[19]闫开放.空心砖砌体某些基本性能讨论.砖瓦,1985.2.
[20]孙继颖.空心砖与建筑.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987.5.
[21]章关福,刘永峰,等.混凝土小型空心砌块建筑的抗裂设计探讨.99 混凝土砌块墙体裂
缝研讨会论文集,1999 年,杭州.
59
福州大学硕士论文
[23]浙江大学结构工程研究所.《混凝土小型空心砌块建筑温度裂缝控制技术》科研项目调
查报告,2000 年 3 月.
[24]徐芝纶.《弹性力学简明教程》.北京:高等教育出版社.
[25]浙江大学结构工程研究所.混凝土小型空心砌块建筑裂缝控制技术与发展,2003.10.
[26]李悦,谈幕华,等.混凝土的自身收缩及其研究进展.建筑材料学报,2000.9.
[27]彭伟,李小红.钢筋混凝土剪力墙的收缩应力计算.成都科技大学学报,1996.1.
[28]金伟良,叶甲淳,等.考虑太阳辐射作用的砌体结构温度场.浙江大学学报,2002.9.
[02]宋黎,马云舟.根治多层房屋外墙渗水措施.上海建设科技, 2000.6
[03]周昌盛.墙体渗漏与防治. 混凝土与水泥制品,2000 年第三期.
[04]何鸿浩. 建筑物裂缝的成因分析及防治措施的研究.天津大学研究生论文,2003.1.
[05]吴国强.墙体渗漏原因与防治技术的研讨. 武钢技术,1999.7 .
[06]朱宾,彭立新,等.建筑外墙渗漏水机理及防治对策. 施工技术.2004.9.
[07]15Mallet R J. Structural Behavior of Masonry Elements. Int. Conf. on Planning
and Design of Tall BUILDINGS,1972,VOL:3
[08]16Surtherland R J M. Structural Design of Masonry Buildings. Int. Conf. on
Planing and DESIGN OF Tall Buildings,1972,Vol:3
[09]Grimm CT.Strength and related Properties of Brick Masonry .proceedings ASCE,
St ucrtual Division.vol.101,No.ST1,1975(1)
[10]Hendry A W. Structural Brickwork,John New York Wiley and sons,1981
[11]王铁梦. 工程结构裂缝控制 . 北京:中国建筑工业出版社 .2002.1
[12]中华人民共和国建设部.砌体结构设计规范(GB50003—2001).北京:中国建筑工业出版
社,2001.
[13] 中华人民共和国建设部.建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法(JGJ70—90). 北京:中国建筑
工业出版社,1990.
[14] 中华人民共和国建设部.烧结空心砖和空心砌块(GB13545—2003). 北京:中国建筑
工业出版社,2003.
[15] 中华人民共和国建设部.砌墙砖试验方法(GB/T2542-92). 北京:中国建筑工业出版
社,1992.
[16] 中华人民共和国建设部.多孔砖砌体结构技术规范(JGJ137—2001、J129—2001). 北
京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[17] 中华人民共和国建设部.砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准(GBJ129-90).北京:中国建
筑工业出版社,1990.
[18]施楚贤.砌体结构理论与设计. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社 1992.9.
[19]闫开放.空心砖砌体某些基本性能讨论.砖瓦,1985.2.
[20]孙继颖.空心砖与建筑.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987.5.
[21]章关福,刘永峰,等.混凝土小型空心砌块建筑的抗裂设计探讨.99 混凝土砌块墙体裂
缝研讨会论文集,1999 年,杭州.
59
福州大学硕士论文
[23]浙江大学结构工程研究所.《混凝土小型空心砌块建筑温度裂缝控制技术》科研项目调
查报告,2000 年 3 月.
[24]徐芝纶.《弹性力学简明教程》.北京:高等教育出版社.
[25]浙江大学结构工程研究所.混凝土小型空心砌块建筑裂缝控制技术与发展,2003.10.
[26]李悦,谈幕华,等.混凝土的自身收缩及其研究进展.建筑材料学报,2000.9.
[27]彭伟,李小红.钢筋混凝土剪力墙的收缩应力计算.成都科技大学学报,1996.1.
[28]金伟良,叶甲淳,等.考虑太阳辐射作用的砌体结构温度场.浙江大学学报,2002.9.