基于共生理论的企业集群组织研究
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摘要
在企业集群的理论研究中，从现有的文献资料看，不论是国外还是国内，都是在宏观经济领域和中观产业领域层面对企业集群进行研究，论文运用共生理论，率先从微观领域系统地分析和研究企业集群，指出集群企业的共生有助于降低集群企业的市场交易成本和内部管理控制成本，从而提高了集群的整体竞争能力；论文提出了共生关系下的集群企业衍生模式、集群企业对共生对象的选择机制、集群发展过程的调节机制。论文的分析及结论对集群、企业、政府都有积极的借鉴意义。
论文的内容安排是：
第一章介绍论文研究的背景，讨论企业集群的内涵与外延；提出对企业集群的定义；介绍论文研究的内容、方法与创新之处。
第二章较为全面地介绍国内外有关企业集群的研究文献，从外部经济说、交易费用说、创新说、竞争优势说四个方面进行归纳和总结，并对国内有关企业集群的研究进行专门综述，这一章还介绍企业演化理论及相关学说，重点介绍共生理论的概念和基本原理。
第三章运用共生理论分析集群企业在企业生态系统中的竞争与合作关系，界定集群企业的竞争、寄生、偏利共生和互惠共生概念和特点，通过企业最优成长模型推导出企业共生关系的数学模型，对集群企业共生现象进行简要分析。
第四章分析集群企业共生关系的一些条件，充分讨论企业共生的必要条件、充分条件、均衡条件、稳定条件和一般条件；对集群企业共生组织从点共生到间歇共生、到连续共生、再到一体化共生的演进方式及特征进行分析，并对集群企业共生程度与其他共生特性的相关性进行分析。
第五章从企业间关系入手分析集群网络组织结构及特性，以经济学原理对集群组织进行分析，从组织形式、专业化产业类型、基本结构、成员企业间关系四个方面给出企业集群的分类。
第六章以共生理论观点对企业集群产生、成长的演化路径进行分析，对企业集群的培育期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期或蜕变期等生命周期现象进行剖析，分析了技术界面的选择机制对集群发展的影响。
第七章，在构建企业集群的价值链的基础上，对集群共生对象的选择机制、集群共生能量的调节机制、集群及共生企业与环境的影响和作用一一进行了详尽的分析。
第八章，通过183余家集群企业的调查数据，对共生关系下的企业集群及成员企业进行实证分析。
第九章，对论文的分析进行总结，提出对地方政府发展区域经济的建议，并对企业集群领域的进一步研究作简单展望。
论文的创新之处在于：
首先，论文运用共生理论分析社会科学领域的企业集群现象，不仅在企业集
浙江大学博士学位论文
群的研究领域尚属首次，就是在共生理论的应用研究方面也不多见，本论文的研
究将共生理论引入到管理学视野，做出了有益的尝试。
其次，论文率先从微观层面对企业集群展开系统研究。从现有的文献资料来
看，不论是国外还是国内，对企业集群的研究都是在宏观经济领域和中观产业领
域层面展开，迄今尚未有从微观层面对企业集群进行研究，本论文率先从微观领
域系统地研究企业集群，论文的分析和结论对企业集群和集群中的企业都具有现
实意义。
第三，论文率先将企业集群作为一个组织整体进行研究，运用共生理论分析
企业集群的组织结构和特性，对企业集群的发展型态、运行机制进行了较为系统
的研究，提出了基于共生关系的集群企业衍生模式及运行机制，对政府和企业都
具有积极的借鉴意义。
Document materials up until now show, no matter abroad or domestic, the research that is about enterprise clusters centralized in the fields of macro-economy and industry economy. The dissertation takes the lead in analyses and studying the enterprise clusters systematically from the micro field, Point out that the intergrowth contributes to reduce marketing cost of the enterprise and inside management control cost, thus improved the whole competitive power of enterprise clusters. The dissertation has proposed the mode that enterprise has emerged under the intergrowth relation, the choice mechanism to the intergrowth target of enterprise, the regulation mechanism to the enterprise clusters evolution. All there are positive reference meanings to the clusters, enterprises, governments in the analysis and conclusion of the dissertation.
The content of the dissertation does the following arrangement:
In chapter one, the dissertation introduces the background studied, discuss the intension of the enterprise clusters and extend, put forward the definition of the enterprise clusters, introduce the places of the content studied, method and innovation.
In chapter two, introduce the research document about the enterprise clusters both at home and abroad, collect the research documents, sum up and summarize from four respects of advantage of external economy, trade expenses, innovation, competition. The study on domestic relevant enterprises clusters has carried on the survey. The dissertation introduce the organization evolution theory and relevant theory, introduce the concept of the intergrowth theory and basic principle especially.
In chapter three, use business ecology and intergrowth theory to analyze the competition and cooperation in the enterprise ecosystem of the enterprise clusters, define the concept and characteristic of the intergrowth form of the enterprise, point out the ideal intergrowth form, and derive the mathematics model of the relation of enterprise intergrowth.
In chapter four, analyze and discuss the condition of the relation of enterprise intergrowth, probe into the principle that the enterprise forms the homobium, analyze the correlations between the intergrowth degree of enterprise clusters and other characteristics. The gradual progress way and characteristic organized to the enterprise clusters intergrowth are analyzed.
In chapter five, analyze the institutional framework of the network and characteristic, and explain this phenomenon with the economics principle, classify for the enterprise clusters according to four standards.
In chapter six, analyze the evolution route where the enterprise clusters produces, grow up with the intergrowth theory, analyze the life period of enterprise clusters, analyze the impact on enterprise clusters development of the in technology chooses mechanism.
In chapter seven, on the basis of structuring the value chain of enterprise clusters, have carried on exhaustive analysis to the choice mechanism of the intergrowth target, the regulation mechanism of intergrowth energy, and influence and function between the environment and the enterprise clusters, intergrowth enterprise.
In chapter eight, pass the investigation data of five cities and 183 enterprises in Zhejiang, carry on the analysis of real example of the enterprise clusters.
In chapter nine, the analysis to the dissertation is summarized, the suggestion for developing the regional economy is proposed to the local government on the basis of the summaries. The study on enterprise clusters field looks into the distance briefly, too.
Lie in the place of innovation of this dissertation:
First of all, the dissertation uses the intergrowth theory to analyse that the phenomena of enterprise clusters in the domain of the social sciences, not only still belong to the first time in the field of research of the enterprise, even if but also rare in application study of the intergrowth theory. The research of this thesis leads the intergrowth theory into the management domain, has made the help
论文的内容安排是：
第一章介绍论文研究的背景，讨论企业集群的内涵与外延；提出对企业集群的定义；介绍论文研究的内容、方法与创新之处。
第二章较为全面地介绍国内外有关企业集群的研究文献，从外部经济说、交易费用说、创新说、竞争优势说四个方面进行归纳和总结，并对国内有关企业集群的研究进行专门综述，这一章还介绍企业演化理论及相关学说，重点介绍共生理论的概念和基本原理。
第三章运用共生理论分析集群企业在企业生态系统中的竞争与合作关系，界定集群企业的竞争、寄生、偏利共生和互惠共生概念和特点，通过企业最优成长模型推导出企业共生关系的数学模型，对集群企业共生现象进行简要分析。
第四章分析集群企业共生关系的一些条件，充分讨论企业共生的必要条件、充分条件、均衡条件、稳定条件和一般条件；对集群企业共生组织从点共生到间歇共生、到连续共生、再到一体化共生的演进方式及特征进行分析，并对集群企业共生程度与其他共生特性的相关性进行分析。
第五章从企业间关系入手分析集群网络组织结构及特性，以经济学原理对集群组织进行分析，从组织形式、专业化产业类型、基本结构、成员企业间关系四个方面给出企业集群的分类。
第六章以共生理论观点对企业集群产生、成长的演化路径进行分析，对企业集群的培育期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期或蜕变期等生命周期现象进行剖析，分析了技术界面的选择机制对集群发展的影响。
第七章，在构建企业集群的价值链的基础上，对集群共生对象的选择机制、集群共生能量的调节机制、集群及共生企业与环境的影响和作用一一进行了详尽的分析。
第八章，通过183余家集群企业的调查数据，对共生关系下的企业集群及成员企业进行实证分析。
第九章，对论文的分析进行总结，提出对地方政府发展区域经济的建议，并对企业集群领域的进一步研究作简单展望。
论文的创新之处在于：
首先，论文运用共生理论分析社会科学领域的企业集群现象，不仅在企业集
浙江大学博士学位论文
群的研究领域尚属首次，就是在共生理论的应用研究方面也不多见，本论文的研
究将共生理论引入到管理学视野，做出了有益的尝试。
其次，论文率先从微观层面对企业集群展开系统研究。从现有的文献资料来
看，不论是国外还是国内，对企业集群的研究都是在宏观经济领域和中观产业领
域层面展开，迄今尚未有从微观层面对企业集群进行研究，本论文率先从微观领
域系统地研究企业集群，论文的分析和结论对企业集群和集群中的企业都具有现
实意义。
第三，论文率先将企业集群作为一个组织整体进行研究，运用共生理论分析
企业集群的组织结构和特性，对企业集群的发展型态、运行机制进行了较为系统
的研究，提出了基于共生关系的集群企业衍生模式及运行机制，对政府和企业都
具有积极的借鉴意义。
Document materials up until now show, no matter abroad or domestic, the research that is about enterprise clusters centralized in the fields of macro-economy and industry economy. The dissertation takes the lead in analyses and studying the enterprise clusters systematically from the micro field, Point out that the intergrowth contributes to reduce marketing cost of the enterprise and inside management control cost, thus improved the whole competitive power of enterprise clusters. The dissertation has proposed the mode that enterprise has emerged under the intergrowth relation, the choice mechanism to the intergrowth target of enterprise, the regulation mechanism to the enterprise clusters evolution. All there are positive reference meanings to the clusters, enterprises, governments in the analysis and conclusion of the dissertation.
The content of the dissertation does the following arrangement:
In chapter one, the dissertation introduces the background studied, discuss the intension of the enterprise clusters and extend, put forward the definition of the enterprise clusters, introduce the places of the content studied, method and innovation.
In chapter two, introduce the research document about the enterprise clusters both at home and abroad, collect the research documents, sum up and summarize from four respects of advantage of external economy, trade expenses, innovation, competition. The study on domestic relevant enterprises clusters has carried on the survey. The dissertation introduce the organization evolution theory and relevant theory, introduce the concept of the intergrowth theory and basic principle especially.
In chapter three, use business ecology and intergrowth theory to analyze the competition and cooperation in the enterprise ecosystem of the enterprise clusters, define the concept and characteristic of the intergrowth form of the enterprise, point out the ideal intergrowth form, and derive the mathematics model of the relation of enterprise intergrowth.
In chapter four, analyze and discuss the condition of the relation of enterprise intergrowth, probe into the principle that the enterprise forms the homobium, analyze the correlations between the intergrowth degree of enterprise clusters and other characteristics. The gradual progress way and characteristic organized to the enterprise clusters intergrowth are analyzed.
In chapter five, analyze the institutional framework of the network and characteristic, and explain this phenomenon with the economics principle, classify for the enterprise clusters according to four standards.
In chapter six, analyze the evolution route where the enterprise clusters produces, grow up with the intergrowth theory, analyze the life period of enterprise clusters, analyze the impact on enterprise clusters development of the in technology chooses mechanism.
In chapter seven, on the basis of structuring the value chain of enterprise clusters, have carried on exhaustive analysis to the choice mechanism of the intergrowth target, the regulation mechanism of intergrowth energy, and influence and function between the environment and the enterprise clusters, intergrowth enterprise.
In chapter eight, pass the investigation data of five cities and 183 enterprises in Zhejiang, carry on the analysis of real example of the enterprise clusters.
In chapter nine, the analysis to the dissertation is summarized, the suggestion for developing the regional economy is proposed to the local government on the basis of the summaries. The study on enterprise clusters field looks into the distance briefly, too.
Lie in the place of innovation of this dissertation:
First of all, the dissertation uses the intergrowth theory to analyse that the phenomena of enterprise clusters in the domain of the social sciences, not only still belong to the first time in the field of research of the enterprise, even if but also rare in application study of the intergrowth theory. The research of this thesis leads the intergrowth theory into the management domain, has made the help
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