慢性胃炎脾虚证消化吸收障碍亚型差异表达基因生物信息学及临床研究
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摘要
研究背景和目的
     中医学认为,证即证候,是对疾病过程中所处一定阶段的病因,病位,病性以及病势所作的病理性概括,是机体内因和环境外因综合作用的机体反应状态,并随着病程的发展而相应发生变化。证候研究一直是中医领域的研究热点,几十年来,国内外众多学者把中医证候现代化的研究作为中医研究的重要方向,力图通过该项研究揭示中医学的奥秘,使中医证候和辨证施治更加科学化、客观化。他们运用多种现代技术和方法,分别从生化、生理、免疫学、超微结构、微量元素、神经-内分泌-免疫网络及分子生物学等方面进行探讨,初步证实中医证候具有现代病理生理学基础,并部分地阐释了其中医理论地某些细节及其科学性,取得了一定的成果。但是弱特异性一直是困扰中医证候难以有重大进展的重要原因,如脾虚证的研究涉及70多项指标,其中消化、免疫、内分泌、能量代谢、植物神经、造血、泌尿等10多个系统的结构或功能都发生了变化,而作为脾虚证公认客观诊断标准的唾液淀粉酶活性比值的准确率也只有近60%。许多学者认为出现上述情况的原因是因为没有与中医证候复杂性及整体性特点相符合的研究方法。
     而近年来,随着基因组学的发展,现代发病学也已由单基因病的研究,转向常见病、多发病的相关基因的多基因调控紊乱的研究,疾病发生过程是相关基因与内外环境相互作用的结果,表现为多基因复杂性状和动态演变过程,基因芯片技术能够在同一时间内平行分析大量的基因,进行大信息量的筛选与检测分析,与中医学以证候概括发病过程的认识方法有显著的相似之处,证候既然是有规律的病理表现,就必然有其物质基础支配机制,而这种物质基础就有可能反映在基因组水平上。故许多专家学者认为基因组学研究为更深层次探讨证的实质及证侯的客观化成及现代化研究提供了强有力的技术支持,并认为“证就是基因型及其表达,是个体差异的基础。”如王忠等认为:“证候是多基因参与的,且已经超过了人体正常的网络调节能力,处于络病状态的证候群。”陈蔚文教授认为:“证候的临床表征和现代生物学基础是一个统一体的两个方面,证候的科学研究,必须紧抓住这两个基本要素。”而不少学者也在血瘀证、肾虚证、脾虚证及虚寒证的基因表达谱研究方面做了大量的工作。结果初步表明证有其分子生物学背景,证候不一,基因表达谱也不一样;以上研究从不同角度揭示了证的基因组学背景,揭示证候的科学内涵,并为其客观化诊断提供依据和方法,但总体来讲,由于临床标本及芯片费用的限制,样本数偏少,缺乏重复实验。
     而现代医学研究显示,如肿瘤、糖尿病、心血管疾病、帕金森症等重大疾病有着明确的病因、病位、病理及定量的检测指标,经过大量的临床标本实验研究表明其基因差异表达谱可能相对比较明确与某个或若干个基因有密切相关,并有较高的可重复性,并有应用于临床对同一疾病进行亚型分类及预后判断的基因芯片出现。如有专为诊断扩散型大B细胞淋巴瘤设计的基因芯片能用来区分出影响预后的两种临床类型,它们的病理相同,但却有着决然不同的两种基因特征及临床预后。但是,中医证候与西医疾病是不同的两个科学体系,中医的证候具有哲学思维,具有抽象性、模糊性、非定量的特点,是一个多因素参与和调控的,具有时空性、系统性、层次性、非线性表达及以“候”为证的复杂的临床症候群的反应,因此,中医证候的基因差异表达结果的可重复性受到较大质疑,同时,中医证候基因差异表达谱有什么不同于西医疾病的特点,均有必要进行更深入的研究。慢性胃炎是一种胃粘膜的慢性炎症性病变,脾虚证是其主要证型之一。本课题组根据脾虚证临床症状较多而患者具体表现不一的情况,从脾虚证的临床表现中把与消化吸收关系密切的症状列出,组成慢性胃炎脾虚消化吸收障碍亚型,以使研究更集中于某一类型的患者。我们在前期研究工作中,发现在慢性胃炎脾虚证消化吸收障碍亚型(以下以脾虚证简称)患者中,脾虚证患者的胃粘膜基因表达与与正常人和脾胃湿热患者存在明显差异,脾虚证患者在蛋白质合成代谢、免疫功能、能量及物质代谢相关基因的表达总体表现为下调趋向。据此,本研究拟重复我们第一批慢性胃炎脾虚证基因差异表达谱的实验工作,考证两批慢性胃炎脾虚证芯片差异表达基因的重复性及差异性,并在此基础上通过对证候症状体症及基因芯片差异表达基因及其编码蛋白功能的生物学信息分析,描绘出脾虚消化吸收障碍亚型差异表达基因的病理生理背景的假设,进一步完善脾虚消化吸收障碍亚型诊断标准。
     研究方法
     1、病例选择
     受试病例首先需要符合慢性胃炎诊断标准(临床、胃镜及病理诊断),然后符合脾虚证/脾胃湿热证辨证标准,同时要排除消化道器质性病变及其他系统严重病变者。
     脾虚证辨证标准:主症①舌质淡、舌体胖或有齿印,苔薄白;②胃纳减少或食欲差;③腹胀;④大便溏或腹泻;次症:①消瘦;②体倦乏力;③脉细弱。判断:1)主症①必备。2)兼具主症②、③、④之二;或兼具主症②、③、④之一,同时兼具两个以上次症,诊断即可成立。
     脾胃湿热证辨证标准:主症①舌苔黄腻;②胸闷;③胃脘痞满或胀痛;④食欲不振。次症:①口苦而粘;②口渴而少饮,或喜热饮;③大便溏,或有粘液;④恶心;⑤身困乏力;⑥脉濡缓,或滑。判断:1)主症①必备。2)兼具主症②、③、④之二,或兼具主症②、③、④之一,同时兼具两个以上次症;或兼具3个以上次症,诊断即可成立。
     正常健康者选择标准:临床辨证无明显异常,舌象脉象正常。胃镜下及病理检查胃粘膜无明显病变者。
     2、收集标本
     在广州中医药大学第一附属医院和广东省中医院按照上述标准收集慢性浅表性胃炎脾虚证患者作为试验组(脾虚),慢性浅表性胃炎脾胃湿热证患者作为同病异证证型对照组(脾胃湿热),从志愿者中选择健康人作为正常对照组(正常)。参照中华医学会消化病学分会2000年井冈山会议标准,经胃镜和病理活检确诊,排除心、肝、脾、肺、肾系等疾患。于(早8:30—11:00)经胃镜下诊断也符合纳入标准后,胃镜下钳夹胃窦部(距幽门口2-3cm)粘膜组织4至5块,取1-2块置于10%福尔马林液中备做病理切片,其余马上置于RNAlATER中,液氮保存,以备制作表达谱芯片BiostarH-140s。
     3、临床病例资料分析:
     对临床所取胃粘膜的若干病人的一般临床资料及症状体征等进行分析,以期发现症状体征的关联性,比较慢性胃炎脾虚证与湿热证之间的症状差异,并对脾虚证进行程度分级,寻找对脾虚证程度分级有诊断意义的症状体征。
     4、总RNA提取
     将液氮保存的样品用碾钵碾磨成粉末状后,转移至已经加入适量UNIzol试剂的匀浆管中匀浆。将匀浆液4℃,12000 g,离心10 min。小心吸取上清液,15-30℃放置5 min。加入氯仿,震荡,15~30℃放置3 min,4℃,12000 g,离心15 min。吸取上清,加入异丙醇,充分混匀,15~30℃,放置10 min,4℃,12000 g,离心10 min。弃去上清,缓慢加入75%乙醇5 ml,洗涤,小心弃去乙醇。再加入75%乙醇10 ml,短暂涡旋,4℃,8000 g离心10 min。小心弃上清,短暂离心,吸去上清,干燥沉淀5 min。加入RNase-free的Milli-Q水,完全溶解RNA沉淀后,取适量RNA采用核酸定量分析仪和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测质量,余-80℃保存。
     5、探针标记
     按照UNIGENE芯片杂交试剂盒说明书操作如下:将配制好的预杂交液放入95℃水浴锅内变性2 min,将待预杂交的玻片放入95℃水浴锅内变性30 sec。将预杂交液加到玻片内,放入杂交箱内42℃预杂交5~6 hr。依次加入以下试剂(反应终体积为50μl,以下试剂均为RNase—free):23μlddH2O,5μl逆转录引物,30~50μg总RNA,振荡混匀,置于70℃水浴10 min。取出后,迅速置于冰上。分别加入以下试剂:10μl逆转录酶缓冲液,5μl DTT,4μl dNTPs。在暗室中加入以下试剂:2μl逆转录酶,脾虚加3μl Cy5-dCTP(正常或脾胃湿热加3μl Cy3-dCTP),混匀样品,水浴2min。42℃水浴2 hr。依次加入标记试剂Ⅰ4μl,65℃水浴10 min后加入标记试剂Ⅱ4μl。混匀,合并对照组、实验组。避光,真空抽干至50μl左右。纯化DNA。加入标记试剂Ⅲ8μl,真空抽干。
     6、芯片杂交
     在抽干的探针管中加6.5μl杂交试剂Ⅰ,混匀。再加入6.5μl杂交试剂Ⅱ,混匀。将探针置于95℃水浴中变性2 min;玻片置于95℃水浴中变性30 sec,将探针置于芯片上,置于杂交舱中,42℃杂交过夜(16~18h)。
     7、洗片扫描
     用0.5%的洗涤液1冲洗玻片,将玻片依次浸入染色缸中洗涤10 min。用0.5%的洗涤液1冲洗玻片,晾干。用ScanArray3000扫描仪扫描芯片,观察杂交结果,用ImaGene3.0软件分析Cy3和Cy5两种荧光信号的强度和比值。
     8、芯片分析
     8.1 Ratio值分析:对所有基因的Cy5、Cy3荧光信号强度值和Cy5/Cy3的比值Ratio进行分析,设定判断基因差异表达的标准为:(1)Cy5/Cy3的Ratio≥1.5,或≤0.7;(2)Cy3或Cy5信号值其中之一必须>800;(3)8张芯片中至少有6张满足条件(1)和(2),即n≥6。满足三个条件的基因即为两组标本之间的基因差异表达图谱(称为Ratio比值法差异基因)。
     8.2对Ratio值分析后筛选出的差异表达基因,取各病例所在芯片的荧光值,以同组8例受试者为一个统计组别,计算各基因探针点荧光值的均值和标准差,脾虚组与正常组、脾虚组与湿热组分别做t检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性意义的基因(称为数值法差异基因),并进行生物信息学分析,重点分析与消化吸收障碍相关的基因如:蛋白质合成代谢相关基因、营养物质吸收及能量代谢相关基因。
     8.3对以Ratio值分析后筛选出的基因进行聚类分析,并以差异基因为基础对病例进行聚类分析,再与病例临床资料相比对,探讨病例症状体征与基因表达谱之间的关联。
     8.4与本课题组前期已完成的第一批芯片结果比较,比对两批实验筛选出的差异表达基因,归纳脾虚证差异基因表达谱特点,对两批重复且与消化吸收功能关系密切的基因初步制定后续研究方案。
     结果
     1、受试者收集情况
     共收集慢性胃炎49例(全部取胃粘膜),来源于广州中医药大学第一附属医院和广东省中医院门诊病人;其中脾虚证病人21例,男7例,女14例,年龄20-57岁,平均年龄33.9岁,病程3个月-10年以上;慢性胃炎湿热证病人28例,男11例,女17例,年龄19-58岁,平均年龄37.8岁,病程3个月0-10年以上;14例正常人胃粘膜无明显病变,基本情况为:男2例,女12例,年龄22~27岁,舌质淡、苔薄白,脉弦或缓。经过RNA提取后进一步筛选,选择RNA提取质量好的病例纳入芯片研究,各组分别选出8例病人进行配对芯片研究。
     2、胃粘膜组织病理学观察
     入选病例病理切片观察,慢性胃炎脾虚组和脾胃湿热组胃粘膜多出现中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞或浆细胞的浸润,只是程度各不相同,正常人病理切片观察多无明显异常,均符合实验的纳入标准。
     3、临床资料分析
     3.1慢性胃炎临床症状及病理分析:慢性胃炎HP与舌苔有统计学意义(P=0.015),薄白苔者HP阳性率较低(4/17),而黄腻苔者HP感染率最高(13/17)。HP与性别、病程及病理无统计学意义,但随着病程的延长及病理的加重,HP的感染率增加,以上情况可能与样本量有关。随着病理炎症程度的加重,腹痛的机率相应增加,但无统计学意义,可能与样本量有关,也有可能表明炎症并不是引起腹痛的唯一原因,与个体的耐受性、饮食、情绪等多种因素相关。另外,慢性胃炎舌体胖大与便溏具有相关性,有显著的统计学意义(tau_b=0.384,P=0.007)。
     3.2慢性胃炎脾胃湿热证与脾虚证患者临床资料分析:慢性胃炎脾胃湿热证与脾虚证患者在男女比例、病程、病理程度上无显著差异,在痞满及腹痛症状上有显著差异,脾虚证患者以痞满为主(13/21,62%),脾胃湿热证患者腹痛多见(22/28,79.8%);慢性胃炎脾胃湿热证与脾虚证患者在HP感染及食少纳呆上有显著差异,脾胃湿热证HP感染率明显高于脾虚证(P=0.019),脾虚患者食少现象高于脾胃湿热证(P=0.005)。
     3.3.1慢性胃炎脾虚证临床症状出现频率:出现率在90%以上的有舌淡有齿痕、食后腹胀、体倦乏力、纳呆等4个症状;作为辨证标准主症的便溏出现频率只有47.6%,提示便溏可能在脾虚证发展到一定程度才会出现;另外提取出现频率在45%以上的临床症状,按主次症积分对脾虚证的轻重程度进行划分。主症仍按照已有的慢性胃炎脾虚证的诊断标准进行。划分原则兼顾定性、定量评分。其中主次症综合分≤5为正常人,≤10为脾虚轻度,≤为15中度,>15为重度;脾虚主症(舌淡有齿痕、食后腹胀、食少纳呆、便溏)分值高的病人往往伴有次症(如消瘦、体倦乏力、神疲懒言、失眠等全身症状)分值的增高,主、次症得分合计较高;此外,本组脾虚证患者以轻、中度居多,重度较少。
     3.3.2脾虚症状与慢性胃炎脾虚证程度的关系:便溏、神疲懒言在脾虚程度的划分上有统计学意义(P=0.017,P=0.030),对中至重度脾虚的诊断有参考意义,而舌体胖大(P=0.069)及消瘦(P=0.067)在脾虚证分度诊断中虽未统计学意义,可能与样本量小有关,但是也呈现出了随着脾虚程度的加重,此两项症状出现的频率增高的现象,在重度脾虚证患者中此两项症状出现率最高,也说明脾虚证程度演变过程是从消化道症状逐渐向全身症状发展的过程。慢性胃炎脾虚证患者脘腹痞满的频率(13/21,61.9%)略高于脘腹疼痛(8/21,38.1%)者。脾虚证失眠与性别无关,体重减轻与便溏无统计学意义,造成体重减轻的原因较多,如纳少、劳累等,但是体重减轻与失眠有统计学意义(tau b=0.748,P=0.001),分析原因可能是体重减轻的患者多属于中重度脾虚患者,脾主运化水谷,脾虚失运,纳食减少,消化吸收障碍,气血生化乏源,血不养心,以致失眠。
     4、基因芯片分析
     4.1慢性胃炎脾虚证与正常组芯片的Ratio值及生物信息学分析
     计算本配对组8张芯片中每张芯片上14112点基因探针的Cy5/Cy3的Ratio比值,按照上述所设条件进行分析,得出脾虚证与正常人胃粘膜的差异表达基因共83条。脾虚证与正常人比较,上调24条(28.9%),下调51条(61.4%),上下调趋势不明显9条(8.6%)。经检索互联网生物学公共数据库GeneBank,获得每条基因的名称和其他基本信息。83条差异基因中主要是与蛋白质合成运输代谢、基因转录调节、免疫炎症应答、能量及营养物质代谢、细胞骨架、细胞周期、信号转导等相关的基因。
     4.2慢性胃炎脾虚证与湿热证芯片的Ratio值及生物信息学分析
     筛选出慢性胃炎脾虚证与湿热证差异基因294条。脾虚证与湿热证比较,下调198条(67.3%),上调94条(28.2%),上下调趋势不明显13条(4.5%);294条差异基因中主要是与基因转录及DNA修复、蛋白质合成代谢、能量代谢及营养物质输送、免疫炎症应答、信号转导、细胞周期等相关的基因。
     4.3 t-test分析
     对“4.1”方法筛选出的83条基因进行t检验,结果有12条基因荧光值的差异满足P<0.05。
     对“4.2”方法筛选出的294条基因进行t检验,结果有109条基因荧光值的差异满足P<0.05,其中下调85条(77.98%),上调24条(22.02%)。
     4.4、聚类分析(分析基因或样本之间的相互关系)
     4.4.1慢性胃炎脾虚证与正常组芯片的基因聚类分析
     基因聚类分析是通过建立各种不同的数学模型,她把基于相似数据特征的变量组合在一起,归为一个簇的基因在功能上可能相关或关联,从而找到未知基因的功能信息或以知基因的未知功能,但是由于使用数据转换、归一化等因素,导致对聚类分析结果的影响较大;此外,聚类只是为了寻求类,不管所聚类别是否有意义,故需结合基因的生物信息学进行判读。脾虚证与正常组8张芯片筛选出的83条差异表达基因基本可归为5大类(具体内容见论文)。
     4.4.2脾虚证病例的聚类分析
     在进行样本聚类时采用所有差异基因进行聚类,探讨聚类结果的差异性。样本聚类结果表明脾虚症状积分与病理程度与聚类结果有一定的关联,如3、8、10、12号脾虚患者全身症状积分分别为13、13、17、17分,这4例患者聚在一起,这4例患者病程较长(5年以上),都有舌淡胖有齿痕,其中除了3号大便正常外,其他患者都有便溏的表现;而6号与2号患者分别积分13、11分,都有舌淡有齿痕,便溏的表现;14与4号患者积分分别为9、10分,其中4号大便正常,14号大便硬。而在脾虚证程度分级中发现舌体胖大与脾虚程度有显著的相关性及统计学意义,便溏在中重度脾虚证中的比例是逐步增高,便溏与舌体胖大都为营养物质吸收不良的症状,而两种症状兼具的患者在营养物质吸收、能量代谢、细胞增殖、蛋白质合成相关基因下调基因比例高于其他患者,故我们初步认为舌体胖大与便溏可作为脾虚证临床程度分级的参考标准,病人有其基因表达的分子生物学背景。
     4.5主要差异表达基因的基因库生物信息资料
     在两批芯片实验中与蛋白质合成、营养物质吸收、能量代谢、细胞骨架及细胞周期相关基因下调。参与蛋白质合成相关基因主要集中在核糖体蛋白上,在两批实验中此类基因出现率较高,如核糖体蛋白RPS28、RPS29、RPS20、RPL37、RPL35、RPL6、RPL23AP7、RPL22、RPL27、MRPL18、CGI-94、RPL18A、RPS7、RPS9、MRPL18、MRPL51、MRPS6。营养物质吸收相关基因如AKR1C1、SLC13A4参入胆汁酸输送、ECH1参入脂类脂肪酸代谢,SLC38A1溶质转运家族38,参与中性氨基酸转运,SLC1A1 L-谷氨酸\L-D-天冬氨酸运输,ARL6IP5调节细胞内牛胆酸、谷氨酸浓度及L谷氨酸运输。能量代谢相关基因:LOC57149作用于NADH or NADPH,电子转移,CGI-69为线粒体传递家族,ATP6V1G1参与氧化磷酸化通路及ATP合成,具有氧化还原酶活性COX8A(细胞色素C氧化酶)、PRDX3、CYP20A1(细胞色素P450)、NDUFB2(NADH脱氢酶)下调,细胞骨架相关基因KRT19(角蛋白19)、ADD3内收蛋白、CAPZA2(成帽蛋白)、RCSD1下调,S100P参与内皮细胞迁移,上调,参与细胞分裂及增殖的基因CENPH(着丝粒蛋白H)、SMS精胺合酶下调,表明脾虚消化吸收障碍亚型患者胃肠粘膜结构受损、胃粘膜细胞的增殖能力低下,此为其消化吸收障碍的组织学背景。
     以上结果表明慢性胃炎消化吸收障碍亚型患者有其相应的基因背景。
     4.6结论
     (1)慢性胃炎脾虚证消化吸收障碍亚型有其差异基因表达图谱,主要表现为蛋白质合成代谢、能量代谢及营养物质吸收、细胞周期及细胞骨架相关基因的下调,尤其是蛋白质合成场所的相关基因核糖体蛋白表现集中,将是下一阶段研究的重点;两批芯片在差异基因的上下调趋势比例及基因分类上有较高的一致性,说明诊断标准的可行性、证的稳定性及一定范围内的特异性,但是完全重复且上下调趋势一致的基因较少,除了考虑兼夹证、个体差异、时空差异之外,证候的轻重程度分级也应加以考虑。
     (2)证候有以候为证的特点,不同症状群应有相应的基因背景,证候的临床表征和现代生物学基础是一个统一体的两个方面,证候的科学研究,必须紧抓住这两个基本要素。通过对脾虚消化吸收障碍亚型患者临床资料的总结分析,发现次症体倦乏力分布频率靠前,而在基因表达中有与线粒体能量代谢相关基因下调,是否纳入主症范畴有待进一步商榷。主症便溏分布频率只有47%,但与中重度脾虚患者比例明显升高,有显著的相关性及统计学意义,舌体胖大与脾虚程度虽无显著的统计学意义,但呈现出正比的关系,且舌体胖大与便溏有较高的相关性及统计学意义,故认为此两种症状体征可作为脾虚消化吸收障碍亚型程度分级的参考指标,而在对差异基因基础上的脾虚患者样本聚类时亦可发现舌体胖大及便溏患者其综合评分高,这些样本被明显的聚在一起,此类样本与消化吸收相关的基因下调趋势及比例较明显。
     (3)证候由于其定位不明确、非定量、涉及多系统、主次症组合辨证的特点,从大范围来研究证候的特异性客观化指标是不现实的,应在某一特定的范围内选择具有典型症状表现的病例进行研究才会有一定的实际意义。
     (4)本次基因芯片实验只是从另一个角度研究证候,其得出的结果可与其它指标互相参补,互相支持,并不能取代证候的临床诊断,本研究属于初步探索阶段,仍有大量的问题亟待解决,如:异病同证及类似证的差异基因研究,如何更深层次的进行芯片数据的分析,如何把中医非定量的临床症状信息与病理生理及基因生物信息学更好的融合将任重而道远。
Background
     Chinese traditional medicine presume that syndrome is the pharmacolog summarize of the cause、location、nature、tendency of disease in the stage of disease process. Syndrome research is the hot spot in traditional Chinese medicine. Many researchers dedicate in syndrome modernization research for decades. They use many modern technique and method to reveal the mystery of syndrome in biochemistry, physiology、immunology、ultrastructure、elements aspect。They get some achievements and confirmed that the Syndrome have pathophysiology foundation. But. weak specificalness is the important cause of cursing syndrome to make great advancement. Many experiments consider that there is no study means to match the complexity and entirety of Chinese medical science syndrome.
     In recent years, accompanying with the development of genomics, modern pathogenesis consider that the disease is the interaction result between many correlated genes and interior or external environment. Gene chip can parallel analysis massive genes in the same time and take mass information filter. So it is to be used in mechanism、classify、diagnosis、prediction of disease. Many scholars believe that gene chips research method is coincidence with characteristic of the Chinese traditional medicine syndrome, They think gene chip can provide drastic technique support in approaching the essence and objective research of syndrome. Many researchers begin to use gene chip to study syndrome and confirm that different syndrome have different gene expression profile. chronic gastritis is chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa, the patient was devided in several types according to their clinic symptom-complex difference, they can get better therapy result chronic gastritis spleen deficiency syndrome (gastricism and malabsorb subtype ) is one type of this disease. In our early research ,we find the spleen deficiency syndrome patient gene expression profile is different from health adult and piwei damp-heat syndrome of chronic gastritis
     The spleen deficiency syndrome patient/s genes are down-regulated in protein synthesis、immune function、energy and substance metabolism、gene transcription. modern medicine research show that some great disease such as tumor、diabetes、cardiovascular disease is correlated with some definite genes and they have great repeatability, some diagnose gene chip fs already used in clinic. But the syndrome of chinese medical science is a different science system with medical disease. The syndrome of chinese medical science have the feature of abstractive, fuzziness, non- quantitive. There are many factor to participate and regulate in syndrome, so it is more complicate than disease. Accordingly, the repeatability of Chinese medical science syndrome differential expression gene is called in question. Wether the differential expression genes we get from the early research can represent the diagnostic criteria / s differential expression genes, How about the relationship between symptoms of syndrome and differential expression genes , and the feature of gene expression profile of spleen deficiency syndrome should to be studied deeply. According to this study , we want to act out the pathophysiological hypothesis of spleen deficiency syndrome different gene expression profile and develope the diagnostic criteria of spleen deficiency syndrome (gastricism and malabsorb subtype )
     Methods and Result
     1.Subjects collection
     Method: case of a particular disease is to be in line with chronic gastritis diagnostic criteria (clinical、gastroscop、pathologic diagnosis), consistent with spleen deficiency syndrome/ piwei damp-heat syndrome diagnostic criteria, rule out alimentary tract structural disease and other system severe disease. Healthy man
     Result: the group of spleen deficiency syndrome was 21 cases, and that of piwei damp-heat syndrome was 28 cases, and that of normal people was 14 cases. Each subject rings clamp gastric mucosa for histopathology and gene chip experiment After filtered by RNA extraction, choose 8 cases each group for gene chip experiment
     2. clinical data analysis
     Method: analysis the patients clinical symptom and pathology, get information about chronic gastritis clinical symptom and pathology relationship, the different clinical symptom between spleen deficiency group and the piwei damp-heat group, classify spleen deficiency degree by clinical symptom, search significant symptom for spleen deficiency degree classification.
     Result: HP of yellowish greasy tongue is higher than that of thin and whitish fur (P=0.015),There is no statistically significance between HP and gender, course of disease, pathology, but accompany with course of disease ;lasting and inflammation aggravation, the infection rate of HP is increased, it is perhaps relative to sample size. in addition, the eldest of body of tongue have dependability with loose stool, it has statistically significance (tau_b=0.384 P=0.007)
     There have no statistically significance in male female ratio, course of disease, pathology degree between spleen deficiency group and the piwei damp-heat group. The symptom of painful abdominal mass, anorexia, less food are higher than that of piwei damp-heat group(P=0.007、P=0.005、P=0.007). HP infection and abdominal pain is higher in piwei damp-heat group(P=0.019、P=0.007).
     The frequency of occurrence of spleen deficiency syndrome symptoms exceed 90 percent are pale tongue with indentation, abdominal distention after eating, tired and debilitation, anorexia, the symptom of loose stool occurrence is only 47.6 percent, it shows that loose stool appears in some degree spleen deficiency, extracting the occurrence of symptom above 45 percent to degree the spleen deficiency syndrome. It shows that the score of main syndrome is coincidence with the score of whole body syndrome. The most patients of spleen asthenic syndrome is lightly or midrange spleen asthenic.
     The symptom of loose stool and weary spirit have statistical significance in classification in spleen asthenic syndrome degree (P=0.017, P=0.030). Although fat body of tongue and wasting have statistical significance in classification in spleen asthenic syndrome degree, but the occurrence of this two symptoms is highest in heavy degree spleen deficiency syndrome group. It. shows that the course of spleen asthenic syndrome develop from digestive canal to general symptom. The symptom of insomnia has no statistical significance with sex ,but has statistical significance with body weight decrease(tau_b=0.748 P=0.001).
     3. Gene chip data analysis
     Method: the gastric mucosa was collected under the help of gastroscope and stored in liquid nitrogen. The gene expression of gastric mucosa was examined by BiostarH-140s. there are two group gene chips, one is spleen deficiency syndrome patient via healthy people(Group AB), the other group is spleen deficiency syndrome patient via piwei damp-heat patient (Group AC). The different gene is choosen by cyS/cy3 ratios and t-test, then take analysis of gene bioinformatics. Cluster the patients by filtered gene, according to the symptoms of the patients, to find the relationship between the syndrome with the gene expression. Compared two experiments different gene, Sum up the; feature of spleen deficiency syndrome gene expression profile.
     Result: There are eight gene chips in every group. There are 83genes filtered by cyS/cy3 ratios(l. Stimes)in group AB. There are 24 genes up-regulated , 51(61.4%)genes down-regulated. These genes is relative to protein synthesis and metabolism, genetic transcription, immunization, energy and nutrient substance metabolism, cytoskeleton. There are 12 genes filtered from 83 genes by t-test(P<0.05).
     294 genes are filtered by cy5/cy3 ratios(1.5times)in group AC. 198(67.3%) genes are down-regulated, 83 (28.2%) genes are up-regulated. These genes is relative to DNA repair, protein synthesis and metabolism, energy and nutrient substance metabolism, immunization, cytoskeleton and cell cycle, signal transduction. There are 109 genes filtered from 294 genes by t-test(P<0.05) 85 (77.98%) genes are down-regulated, 24 (22.02%) genes are up-regulated. AB group patients is clustered by all filtered genes(cyS/cy3 ratio). From the cluster result, we find the patient whose general symptom score is high(13,13,17,17)are obviously clustered in one group. The patient whose general symptom score is low is far from the other patient. The high score people have the symptom such as loose stool, fat tongue with indentation, the lower score patient have normal stool or dry stool, loose stool and fat tongue with indentation are the symptom of nutrient substance malabsorption. The ratio of genes especially correlated with nutrient substance absorb, energy metabolism and protein synthesis are down-regulated more obviously in the patient who have loose stool and fat tongue with indentation So we presume that some symptoms have its own genes background, loose stool and fat tongue is the key symptom in spleen deficiency syndrome classification.
     Bioinformation of some major difference genes: RPS28、RPS29、RPS20、RPL37、RPL35、RPL6、RPL23AP7、RPL22、RPL27、MRPL18、CGI-94、RPL18A、RPS7、RPS9、MRPL18、MRPL51、MRPS6 are take part in protein synthase, AKRIC1 and SLC13A4 are relative to bile acid transport, ECH1 administrates fatty acid metabolism, SLC38AI and SLCIAI is involved in amino acid transport, ARL61P5 regulates concentration of taurocholic acid and glumatic acid inside the cell. The gene relative about energy metabolism is LOC57149, CGI-69, ATP6V1G1, COX8A, PRDX3、CYP20A1 and NDUFB2. KRT19, ADD3, CAPZA2 and RCSD1 which are relative to cystoskeleton are down-regulated. SLOOP participates endothelial cell migration up-regulated. CENPH and SMS participate cell division and proliferation down-regulated.
     Conclusion
     1. chronic gastritis spleen deficiency syndrome (gastricism and malabsorb subtype) has its own different gene expression profile, the genes function include protein synthesis and metabolism, genetic transcription, immunization,, energy and nutrient substance metabolism, cytoskeleton. The difference genes in two chip experiment are coincident in the tendency of up or down-regulated and gene classification. It shows that diagnostic criteria is suitable, stability and confined specificity of syndrome. But complete replication genes are less, except foe considering about individual difference, time and space difference, two syndrome, light and heavy press of spleen deficiency should be considered.
     2. Different symptom has its own gene expression profile, clinical exo-syndrome of syndrome and modern biology are two aspect of one unity. To analyze the patient clinical data, we discover frequency of secondary symptom weary and debll, is ahead, and the about chondrosome energy metabolism is down-regulated, whether bring this symptom into main syndrome should be discussed. Frequency of loose stool is only 47%, the ratio in middle and heavy spleen deficiency patient is obviously high, fat tongue shows direct ratio with spleen deficiency degree, and has dependability with loose stool. The ratio of genes especially correlated with nutrient substance absorb, energy metabolism and protein synthesis are down-regulated more obviously in the patient who have loose stool and fat tongue with indentation, these patients who have high symptom score are clustered in one group. so we presume fat tongue and loose stool be reference symptom of degree classification.
     3. Because syndrome is not identify and fixed quantity, relative to multi-system, combination differentiation of symptoms and signs, it is invilable to research symptom in wide-bound. We should choose one bound patient with special symptom to study
     4. It is one point of view to study syndrome ,its outcome could be a supply to other indicatrix, it can not displace clinical diagnosis. This research belongs to initial stage, there are many question to be solve, such as; how to analyze the gene chip data further deeply, how to mix un-quantitative clinical symptom message, patho-physiology and gene bioinformatics together better.
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