物流合理化在大型企业设施规划中应用的理论研究
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摘要
我国自上世纪50年代以来,建立了很多大型的工矿企业,在对这些企业进行位置选择和内部车间布置时,仍沿用前苏联的设计方法,这种方法是以研究工艺为基础,利用百年来在各种行业的工厂所积累起来的经验、教训、数据和资料,对工厂位置和厂区内整个车间进行布置,以定性布置为主。目前在我国各大设计院对企业的设施布置仍广泛采用传统的经验布置方法。然而随着系统工程、计算机技术等学科的发展,由于传统的经验设计方法缺乏定量化分析,其很难与现代化的计算机快速设计技术相结合,设计过程中设计速度慢、工作量大、方案缺乏说服力等一系列问题逐渐呈现出来。这些问题也是各相关设计院中企业设施布置方面亟待的问题。本论文在肯定传统经验法在实例设计中具有优势的同时,提出了经验法与系统化定量分析法相结合的研究方法,目的不但使企业设施规划具有定量分析及可优化性,而且更具有实际可操作性,能应用于工厂设计实例。
本论文在介绍了物流及企业物流的起源、发展历程的基础上,分析了企业物流的研究内容、企业物流的特性,提出了企业物流的研究目标是物流合理化,从企业设施规划角度总结了实现企业物流合理化的途径。
本论文以企业设施为研究对象,以企业物流合理化为研究目标,分别建立了主要生产设施布置和辅助生产设施布置的数学模型。该模型的建立从企业物流合理化入手,结合生产设施的具体形状、出入口位置,辅助生产设施的类型等,详细地从理论上描述了企业设施位置选择的过程。同时对企业设施规划的定性规划也做出了分析,得出了经验法与系统化定量分析法相结合的研究方法。该方法可以在最小化物流费用的情况下迅速有效的提出企业设施的布置方案。
对企业物料运输规划,本文以企业物料运输为研究对象,以企业物流合理化为研究目标,在定性分析各种运输方式的基础上,建立了企业物料运输方式选择、企业物料运输路线选择的数学模型。并依据企业物料运输的特点,对企业内生产物料运输进行了组织优化。
最后,总结企业设施布置与企业物料运输的关系,得出了良好的设施布局和合理的物料运输系统相结合才能实现企业物流合理化的结论。
Since the 1950s, China has established a number of large industrial and mining enterprises. In the choice of the locations of these factory and internal facility layout, they still used in the former Soviet Union design method, which is based on technology used for centuries in various industries factories accumulated experience, lessons data and information on the location of factories and workshops throughout the region for plant layout, layout of the main qualitative. In China's major design institutes the factory facilities layout still widely used traditional methods layout experience. However, as the develops of systems engineering, computer technology and other disciplines, because of the lack of quantitative analysis of the traditional design methods, it hardly combines with modern computer rapid design technology, the slow design process , heavy workload, lack of convincing and a series of programs gradually become an issue out. These issues are in question of design institute. In this issue, not only to affirm with the advantage of traditional method, but also to raise a method with the systematic quantitative analysis and the traditional design method. The purpose of this issue is not only to make factory facilities planning with quantitative analysis and optimization, but also make the project more practical workability, and can be used in design examples.
This issue introduced the origin and development of logistics and factory logistics, and on this basis, analysis the research and characteristics of factory logistics, proposed the research goal of factory logistics is to rationalize the logistics, summed up the channels of factory logistics rationalization from the perspective of enterprises facilities planning.
This issue takes factory facilities as research object and factory logistics rationalization as research aim, has established mathematical model separately about the major production facilities layout and auxiliary production facilities layout. The model is established from the start with the rationalization of logistics factory, with the specific shape and export location of production facilities and the type of auxiliary production facilities, detailed description of the process of factory facilities choice of location in theoretically.Meanwhile it has also made the analysis to the factory facilities qualitative planning, and has obtained the research methods of combining traditional method with systematic quantitative analysis method. This method can propose the facilities layout program quickly and efficiently while minimizing the logistics costs of the factory.
As to factory materials transport planning, this issue takes factory material transportation materials as research object, and enterprise logistics rationalization as research aim, has established mathematical model of the factory materials transport mode choice and factory material transit route choice, which based on qualitative analysis of various transport modes. And based on the characteristics of the factory materials transport, it carries on the organization and optimization of factory production materials transport.
Finally, sum up the relations between factory facilities layout and material transport, we can obtain the conclusions that in order to achieve factory logistics rationalization, the good facility layout and the reasonable materials transportation systems should unify.
本论文在介绍了物流及企业物流的起源、发展历程的基础上,分析了企业物流的研究内容、企业物流的特性,提出了企业物流的研究目标是物流合理化,从企业设施规划角度总结了实现企业物流合理化的途径。
本论文以企业设施为研究对象,以企业物流合理化为研究目标,分别建立了主要生产设施布置和辅助生产设施布置的数学模型。该模型的建立从企业物流合理化入手,结合生产设施的具体形状、出入口位置,辅助生产设施的类型等,详细地从理论上描述了企业设施位置选择的过程。同时对企业设施规划的定性规划也做出了分析,得出了经验法与系统化定量分析法相结合的研究方法。该方法可以在最小化物流费用的情况下迅速有效的提出企业设施的布置方案。
对企业物料运输规划,本文以企业物料运输为研究对象,以企业物流合理化为研究目标,在定性分析各种运输方式的基础上,建立了企业物料运输方式选择、企业物料运输路线选择的数学模型。并依据企业物料运输的特点,对企业内生产物料运输进行了组织优化。
最后,总结企业设施布置与企业物料运输的关系,得出了良好的设施布局和合理的物料运输系统相结合才能实现企业物流合理化的结论。
Since the 1950s, China has established a number of large industrial and mining enterprises. In the choice of the locations of these factory and internal facility layout, they still used in the former Soviet Union design method, which is based on technology used for centuries in various industries factories accumulated experience, lessons data and information on the location of factories and workshops throughout the region for plant layout, layout of the main qualitative. In China's major design institutes the factory facilities layout still widely used traditional methods layout experience. However, as the develops of systems engineering, computer technology and other disciplines, because of the lack of quantitative analysis of the traditional design methods, it hardly combines with modern computer rapid design technology, the slow design process , heavy workload, lack of convincing and a series of programs gradually become an issue out. These issues are in question of design institute. In this issue, not only to affirm with the advantage of traditional method, but also to raise a method with the systematic quantitative analysis and the traditional design method. The purpose of this issue is not only to make factory facilities planning with quantitative analysis and optimization, but also make the project more practical workability, and can be used in design examples.
This issue introduced the origin and development of logistics and factory logistics, and on this basis, analysis the research and characteristics of factory logistics, proposed the research goal of factory logistics is to rationalize the logistics, summed up the channels of factory logistics rationalization from the perspective of enterprises facilities planning.
This issue takes factory facilities as research object and factory logistics rationalization as research aim, has established mathematical model separately about the major production facilities layout and auxiliary production facilities layout. The model is established from the start with the rationalization of logistics factory, with the specific shape and export location of production facilities and the type of auxiliary production facilities, detailed description of the process of factory facilities choice of location in theoretically.Meanwhile it has also made the analysis to the factory facilities qualitative planning, and has obtained the research methods of combining traditional method with systematic quantitative analysis method. This method can propose the facilities layout program quickly and efficiently while minimizing the logistics costs of the factory.
As to factory materials transport planning, this issue takes factory material transportation materials as research object, and enterprise logistics rationalization as research aim, has established mathematical model of the factory materials transport mode choice and factory material transit route choice, which based on qualitative analysis of various transport modes. And based on the characteristics of the factory materials transport, it carries on the organization and optimization of factory production materials transport.
Finally, sum up the relations between factory facilities layout and material transport, we can obtain the conclusions that in order to achieve factory logistics rationalization, the good facility layout and the reasonable materials transportation systems should unify.
引文
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