PNN测井时间谱的多尺度分析及反演研究
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摘要
PNN(脉冲中子-中子)测井是通过远、近两个He-3计数管记录热中子时间谱,通过获取地层宏观俘获截面来确定含水饱和度的套管井储层评价测井技术。本文旨在从PNN测井时间谱中提取出更多的储层信息,提高PNN解释的精度,以期将PNN测井资料更好地用于地层评价。
针对PNN测井时间谱,根据小波的多尺度分析理论,采用基于阈值收缩的多尺度滤波方法,在最优小波基选取的基础上,讨论阈值的选取及阈值的量化处理,分别在纵向和横向对热中子时间谱进行了滤波处理。滤波结果显示热中子计数随时间呈指数规律衰减,满足时间谱后处理的需要。
编程实现了阻尼最小二乘法(L-M算法),通过对理想信号的单指数、双指数及多指数反演对算法进行了验证,并分析了噪声、布点数对算法的影响。基于PNN时间谱由多个指数衰减叠加而成,采用阻尼最小二乘法对热中子时间谱进行多指数反演,得到光滑连续的热中子寿命谱(τ谱)。首先对模拟数据的热中子寿命谱进行了系统研究,分析了地层水矿化度、孔隙度、饱和度以及源距的选取对热中子寿命本征值的影响,热中子寿命谱的双峰分别反映井眼和地层对热中子的俘获能力,时间道的选取会影响热中子寿命谱的峰值个数。然后研究了PNN实测数据的热中子寿命谱,分析不同地层和不同套管对寿命谱的影响,并且热中子时间谱可定性分辨油水层。这些探索为中子寿命测井解释提供了一种新方法。
Pulsed neutron-neutron logging is a method that can determine watersaturation by means of the formation macroscopic absorption cross section according to thermal neutron time spectrum by using two different He-3 neutron detector. In order to improve the reliability of logging data applied to the evaluation of strata, the means of extracting the essential features of strata and establishing the corresponding relationships between PNN logging data and the strata is applied in this paper.
From the theory of multi-scale analysis of wavelet, the multi-scale analysis based on threshold shrink of logging curve are studied systematically on the basis of the optimum wavelet base selected by means of correlation coefficient. The selection and quantification of threshold shrink is discussed. The PNN logging curve through the multi-scale analysis is studied. The analysis indicates that the thermal neutron count ratio attenuats as time goes on. The conclusion is satisfied with the post processing of time spectrum.
Levenberg-Marquardt is implemented by means of programming. The algorithm is verified through single-exponential inversion, double-exponential inversion and multi -exponential inversion. And the effection of noise and the number of arrangement points is analyzed. Using a damp least-squares inversion algorithm, thermal neutron time spectrum can be invesed. According to multi-exponential inversion algorithm, the smooth and sucessive thermal neutron life spectrum(τspectrum) is developed.
Firstly, theτspectrum is studied by simulation data to analyze the effect of formation water salinity, porosity, oil saturation and distance on the eigen value of thermal neutron life. Simulations results show that the double-peak ofτspectrum reveals the ability of the wellbore and the formation to capture thermal neutron; and the appearance of single-peak or double-peak forτspectrum depends on the time chosing. The research shows that the application ofτspectrum to actual logging data may identify oil and water zone.
Secondly, theτspectrum is studied by actual logging data, the effect of strata and cased well is analyzed. The research shows that the application ofτspectrum to actual logging data may identify oil and water zone. Therefore this method may ameliorate logging interpretation of neutron life and improve market value.
By means of upper research, theτspectrum with more logging information is recognized clearly, then more technical support will be provided for neutron life logging.
针对PNN测井时间谱,根据小波的多尺度分析理论,采用基于阈值收缩的多尺度滤波方法,在最优小波基选取的基础上,讨论阈值的选取及阈值的量化处理,分别在纵向和横向对热中子时间谱进行了滤波处理。滤波结果显示热中子计数随时间呈指数规律衰减,满足时间谱后处理的需要。
编程实现了阻尼最小二乘法(L-M算法),通过对理想信号的单指数、双指数及多指数反演对算法进行了验证,并分析了噪声、布点数对算法的影响。基于PNN时间谱由多个指数衰减叠加而成,采用阻尼最小二乘法对热中子时间谱进行多指数反演,得到光滑连续的热中子寿命谱(τ谱)。首先对模拟数据的热中子寿命谱进行了系统研究,分析了地层水矿化度、孔隙度、饱和度以及源距的选取对热中子寿命本征值的影响,热中子寿命谱的双峰分别反映井眼和地层对热中子的俘获能力,时间道的选取会影响热中子寿命谱的峰值个数。然后研究了PNN实测数据的热中子寿命谱,分析不同地层和不同套管对寿命谱的影响,并且热中子时间谱可定性分辨油水层。这些探索为中子寿命测井解释提供了一种新方法。
Pulsed neutron-neutron logging is a method that can determine watersaturation by means of the formation macroscopic absorption cross section according to thermal neutron time spectrum by using two different He-3 neutron detector. In order to improve the reliability of logging data applied to the evaluation of strata, the means of extracting the essential features of strata and establishing the corresponding relationships between PNN logging data and the strata is applied in this paper.
From the theory of multi-scale analysis of wavelet, the multi-scale analysis based on threshold shrink of logging curve are studied systematically on the basis of the optimum wavelet base selected by means of correlation coefficient. The selection and quantification of threshold shrink is discussed. The PNN logging curve through the multi-scale analysis is studied. The analysis indicates that the thermal neutron count ratio attenuats as time goes on. The conclusion is satisfied with the post processing of time spectrum.
Levenberg-Marquardt is implemented by means of programming. The algorithm is verified through single-exponential inversion, double-exponential inversion and multi -exponential inversion. And the effection of noise and the number of arrangement points is analyzed. Using a damp least-squares inversion algorithm, thermal neutron time spectrum can be invesed. According to multi-exponential inversion algorithm, the smooth and sucessive thermal neutron life spectrum(τspectrum) is developed.
Firstly, theτspectrum is studied by simulation data to analyze the effect of formation water salinity, porosity, oil saturation and distance on the eigen value of thermal neutron life. Simulations results show that the double-peak ofτspectrum reveals the ability of the wellbore and the formation to capture thermal neutron; and the appearance of single-peak or double-peak forτspectrum depends on the time chosing. The research shows that the application ofτspectrum to actual logging data may identify oil and water zone.
Secondly, theτspectrum is studied by actual logging data, the effect of strata and cased well is analyzed. The research shows that the application ofτspectrum to actual logging data may identify oil and water zone. Therefore this method may ameliorate logging interpretation of neutron life and improve market value.
By means of upper research, theτspectrum with more logging information is recognized clearly, then more technical support will be provided for neutron life logging.
引文
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[28]童茂松,李莉.岩石激发极化衰减谱的多指数反演[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(2):133-136
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[30] Erozolimskii B. G., Shkol'nikov A. S., Isakov A. I.. Application of Neutron Pulse Sources for Investigation in Oil Wells. Atomnaya Energiya, 1960, 9(8): 144-145
[31]李金厚,李汉川,穆晓雁.新一代套管井储层评价技术:脉冲中子-中子(PNN)测井[J].国外石油工程,2004,19(4): 11-15
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[36]段虞荣,郑继明,段绍光.小波分析在油气田地球物理勘探中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1996,19(6): 44-53
[37]任晓荣.核测井仪器关键元器件可靠性测试[J].电子产品可靠性与环境试验,2003,(01): 55-59
[38]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996
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[42] Dahmen W, Kunoth A, Urban K.. Biorthogonal spline wavelet on the interval-stability and moment conditions[J]. Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, 1999, 6: 132-296
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[2]张峰,徐建平,胡玲妹,等. PNN测井方法的蒙特卡洛模拟结果研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6): 1924-1930
[3]赵国海,王志敏.脉冲中子-中子(PNN)测井技术[J].石油机械,2005,33(8):75
[4]尤立忠,徐建平.脉冲中子-中子测井在大港油田的应用[J].测井技术,2007,31(6)
[5] Grossman A, Morlte J. Decomposition of hardy. functions into square integrable wavelet of constant shape [J].SIAM J.Math.Anal.,1986, 15:723-736
[6] Mallat S. Multiresolution approxmation and wavelets[J]. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 1989, 315: 69-88
[7] Daubechies I. Ten lectures on wavelet[M]. Philadephia, Pennsylvania: Society for Industrial and Apply. Math., 1992
[8]崔锦泰.小波分析导论[M].陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1995
[9] Isha Sahni, Horne R.N.. Multiresolution wavelet analysis for improved reservoir description[J]. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering. 2005: 53-69
[10]刘伟,杨圣.基于Haar小波变换的快速指纹识别算法[J].中国图像图形学报,2007,07(23):673-678
[11] Andreas P., Franz B.. Detection of nonstationarities in geological time series: wavelet transform of chaotic and cyclic sequences[J]. Computers &Geosciences, 1996, 22(10): 1097-1108
[12] Guan L., Du Y., Li L.. Wavelets in petroleum industry: past, present and future[J]. SPE89952, 2004: 1-9
[13]余厚全,刘益成,黄载禄.小波变换用于地震测井信号的多分辨率分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(4): 441-448
[14]许少华,蔺景龙,杨景强.小波分析在测井资料高分辨率处理中的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1997,16(4): 66-69
[15]焦翠华,李冰.零通小波用于测井曲线多尺度分层[J].测井技术,1999,23(3): 173-175
[16]阎辉,张学工,张贤达.基于小波变换的自适应多井对比技术[J].石油物探,2001,40(1): 49-55
[17]付正文,邹长春,尉中良,等.利用小波变换检测超声成象测井图象边缘的研究[J].现代地质,2002,16(3): 322-32
[18]黄捍东,魏修成,叶连池,等.利用多尺度边缘检测研究碳酸盐岩裂缝分布[J].物探化探计算技术,2002;22(1): 21-25
[19]黄捍东,胡光岷,贺振华,等.测井约束多尺度储层厚度反演[J].成都理工学院学报,1999,26(4): 343-347
[20]张学庆,肖慈珣,刘争平.小波神经网络在测井油水解释中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(2): 116-118
[21]陈科贵,高伟.小波分析在测井储层识别和划分中的应用[J].天燃气工业,2005,25(7): 38-40
[22]房文静,范宜仁,李霞. Morlet小波用于测井沉积旋回多尺度特性研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(2): 109-111
[23]周曲曼,章成广.小波变换在声波全波测井处理中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(03):231-233
[24] Vinegar H. J., Waxman M. H.. In-situ method for determining pore size distribution, capillary pressure and permeability[P]. 1987, U.S. Patent 4, 644, 283
[25] Prammer M. G.. NMR pore size distribution and permeability at the well site[J]. 1994, SPE, 28368
[26]王忠东.核磁共振弛豫信号多指数反演新方法及其应用[J].中国科学(G辑), 2003,33(44): 323-332
[27]李静.CT重建算法的理论及综合应用的研究[D]:[东北大学硕士学位论文],东北大学,沈阳: 2002
[28]童茂松,李莉.岩石激发极化衰减谱的多指数反演[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(2):133-136
[29]张予生. PNN测井技术在吐哈油田的适应性分析[J].海洋石油,2005,25(4):74-78
[30] Erozolimskii B. G., Shkol'nikov A. S., Isakov A. I.. Application of Neutron Pulse Sources for Investigation in Oil Wells. Atomnaya Energiya, 1960, 9(8): 144-145
[31]李金厚,李汉川,穆晓雁.新一代套管井储层评价技术:脉冲中子-中子(PNN)测井[J].国外石油工程,2004,19(4): 11-15
[32] Mallat, S. G.. A compact multiresolution representation: the wavelet model.Dept. Of Computer and Info. Science. U. Of Penn., Ms-CIS-87-22, GRASP LAB 113, Aug. 1987
[33]孙延奎.小波分析及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005: 3-17, 31-80, 220-233
[34]陈正星.小波分析算法与应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998: 15-36
[35] Hong L.. Multiresolutional multiple-model target tracking [J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1993, 30(2): 518-524
[36]段虞荣,郑继明,段绍光.小波分析在油气田地球物理勘探中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1996,19(6): 44-53
[37]任晓荣.核测井仪器关键元器件可靠性测试[J].电子产品可靠性与环境试验,2003,(01): 55-59
[38]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996
[39]乔强,周激流,何坤等.基于小波变换的非平稳信号去噪[J].计算机应用研究, 2005,(8): 161-163
[40]孙延奎.小波分析及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:220-244
[41]房文静,范宜仁,邓少贵,等.测井多尺度分析方法中最优小波基的选取[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(4):71-73
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