高烈度区中小跨径梁式桥抗震概念设计原则研究
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摘要
众所周知,桥梁是公路交通网络的重要组成部分,是公路系统的咽喉和重要枢纽。对于整个公路交通网络,桥梁无论跨度大小,只要在地震中发生严重损毁,都有可能导致交通网络的瘫痪,从而严重影响灾后抗震救灾工作,汶川地震即是一个鲜明的例子。从这一意义来说,高烈度山区中、小跨度梁式桥的抗震问题与大跨度桥梁同等重要。因此,本文在对比分析桥梁结构形式,桥梁地形和跨径对桥梁地震响应特点的影响基础上,提出了高烈度区中小跨径梁式桥的抗震概念设计原则。
1)运用梁格法建立了简支梁桥地震响应特性分析所用的基本动力模型,在此基础上运用CAD for VBA自动建模程序建立了本文分析所用的计算模型,分析了同跨径不同结构形式中小跨径梁式桥地震响应特点。
2)分析了同结构形式不同跨径中小跨径梁式桥地震响应特点。
3)对比分析了中小跨径梁式桥在不同地形下的地震响应特点,讨论了中小跨径梁式桥的地形适宜性,得出在宽浅型地形下,优先选用桥面连续简支梁桥；在V型地形下优先选用连续梁桥或刚构-连续组合梁桥。
4)讨论了地震作用下碰撞对中小跨径梁式桥地震响应的影响,碰撞作用减小了桥墩顺桥向内力,而对桥墩横向内力的影响比较复杂。
5)运用正交分析方法分析了桥梁结构形式,桥梁地形,桥梁跨径及地震烈度对桥梁地震响应的影响程度。基于以上分析,结合传统的桥梁抗震设计观点,提出了高烈度区中小跨径梁式桥抗震概念设计原则。
As well known, bridge is the throat of road system, which is an important part of road traffic network. No matter how long the brige is, once damaged, there would be a paralysis in road traffic network, WENCHUAN earthquake is a clear example in which the damage of bridges had once affected the relief work seriously. For this sense, seismic design of medium and small span of beam bridge and long-span bridges are equally important in high earthquake intensity area. Therefore, this article provided the seismic conception design principle,which based on the research of the influence of the earthquake response with the change of bridge structure forms, terrain and span.
1) Establish the model of the beam bridge seismic response charac-teristics analysis with the method of CAD for VBA automatic modeling procedures and girder case. On this basis, this article analyzed the bridge seismic response characteristics with the difference of structure form.
2) Analyze the seismic response characteristics of seismic design of medium and small span of beam bridge with the same span, whose structure forms are different.
3) Put forward the bridge suitability of structure form of small and medium-size span beam pumping bridge, which based on the discussion of seismic response characteristics. It is concluded that the terrain suitability and, deck continuous beam bridges are selected in priority in the type of wide shallow terrain; continuous beam bridges or rigid frame-combined continuous beam are selected in priority in V-shaped terrain.
4) Discuss the earthquake the influence of small and medium-sized span seismic response with the effect of collision. The influence of the transverse internal force of bridge piers are complex, and collision reduce the longitudinal internal force of bridge piers.
5) Analyze the influence degree of the bridge structure forms, the terrain, bridge spans and earthquake intensity by orthogonal analysis, which effect on the bridges. Based on the above analysis, combining the traditional bridge seismic design viewpoint, the seismic concept design principles of small and medium-sized span beam bridge with high earthquake intensity are put forward.
1)运用梁格法建立了简支梁桥地震响应特性分析所用的基本动力模型,在此基础上运用CAD for VBA自动建模程序建立了本文分析所用的计算模型,分析了同跨径不同结构形式中小跨径梁式桥地震响应特点。
2)分析了同结构形式不同跨径中小跨径梁式桥地震响应特点。
3)对比分析了中小跨径梁式桥在不同地形下的地震响应特点,讨论了中小跨径梁式桥的地形适宜性,得出在宽浅型地形下,优先选用桥面连续简支梁桥；在V型地形下优先选用连续梁桥或刚构-连续组合梁桥。
4)讨论了地震作用下碰撞对中小跨径梁式桥地震响应的影响,碰撞作用减小了桥墩顺桥向内力,而对桥墩横向内力的影响比较复杂。
5)运用正交分析方法分析了桥梁结构形式,桥梁地形,桥梁跨径及地震烈度对桥梁地震响应的影响程度。基于以上分析,结合传统的桥梁抗震设计观点,提出了高烈度区中小跨径梁式桥抗震概念设计原则。
As well known, bridge is the throat of road system, which is an important part of road traffic network. No matter how long the brige is, once damaged, there would be a paralysis in road traffic network, WENCHUAN earthquake is a clear example in which the damage of bridges had once affected the relief work seriously. For this sense, seismic design of medium and small span of beam bridge and long-span bridges are equally important in high earthquake intensity area. Therefore, this article provided the seismic conception design principle,which based on the research of the influence of the earthquake response with the change of bridge structure forms, terrain and span.
1) Establish the model of the beam bridge seismic response charac-teristics analysis with the method of CAD for VBA automatic modeling procedures and girder case. On this basis, this article analyzed the bridge seismic response characteristics with the difference of structure form.
2) Analyze the seismic response characteristics of seismic design of medium and small span of beam bridge with the same span, whose structure forms are different.
3) Put forward the bridge suitability of structure form of small and medium-size span beam pumping bridge, which based on the discussion of seismic response characteristics. It is concluded that the terrain suitability and, deck continuous beam bridges are selected in priority in the type of wide shallow terrain; continuous beam bridges or rigid frame-combined continuous beam are selected in priority in V-shaped terrain.
4) Discuss the earthquake the influence of small and medium-sized span seismic response with the effect of collision. The influence of the transverse internal force of bridge piers are complex, and collision reduce the longitudinal internal force of bridge piers.
5) Analyze the influence degree of the bridge structure forms, the terrain, bridge spans and earthquake intensity by orthogonal analysis, which effect on the bridges. Based on the above analysis, combining the traditional bridge seismic design viewpoint, the seismic concept design principles of small and medium-sized span beam bridge with high earthquake intensity are put forward.
引文
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[7]刘立博.桥梁抗震与抗风设计理念及设计方法.硕士学位论文[D].西安：长安大学土木工程学院,2009
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[14]李睿,叶僚原,杨忠恒,杨清.高烈度地震区梁桥高墩的选型和设计.昆明理工大学学报[J],2008
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[16]陈福军.简支体系桥梁震害调查及抗震概念设计原则研究.硕士学位论文[D].成都：西南交通大学土木工程学院,2010
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[25]邱轶兵.实验设计与数据处理.[M].合肥：中国科技大学出版社,2008
[26]赵选民.实验设计方法.[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[27]周勇军,全伟,贺拴海.基于正交试验的连续刚构桥地震响应敏感性参数分析.地震研究[J],2006,Vol 28, No.4
[28]刘振宇,唐国汉等.都汶高速映秀至汶川段桥梁设计说明[R].2009
[29]叶爱君,胡世德,范立础.桥梁支座抗震性能的模拟分析.同济大学学报[J],Vol.29, No.1,2001
[30]中华人民共和国交通行业标准.公路桥梁板式橡胶支座规格系列(JT/T 663-2006) [S].北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[31]何畅,向中富.简支梁桥桥面连续构造的空间仿真分析.重庆交通大学学报[J],Vol.24, No.1,2005
[32]张勇.地震作用下简支梁桥碰撞反应与实验研究.硕士学位论文[D].天津：天津大学建筑工程学院,2007
[33]郑同.地震作用下梁桥碰撞响应分析及缓冲装置性能评价.硕士学位论文[D].西安：长安大学土木工程学院,2010
[34]李辉.高墩桥梁地震碰撞效应研究.硕士学位论文[D].吉林：吉林大学建设工程学院,2009
[35]杨兆国.强震作用下梁桥的碰撞效应及其响应.硕士学位论文[D].长沙：湖南大学土木工程学院,2009
[36]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析.振动与冲击[J].2010,29(6)：25-30
[37]四川赛思特科技有限责任公司.都江堰至汶川高速公路映秀至汶川段主要桥梁、隧道工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].2009
[38]刘振宇,赵灿晖等.汶川桥梁震害机理分析报告[R].2011
[39]李乔,赵世春.汶川大地震工程震害分析[M].四川：西南交通大学出版社,2008
[40]EERC. Loma Prieta Earthquake Reconnaissance Report[R]. Earthquake Spectra, 1990, Supplement to Vol.6
[41]NZNSEE. The Loma Prieta,California, Earthquake of October 17,1989.Report of the NZNSEE Reconnaissance Team[R]. Bull.New Zealand Nation Society, Earthquake Engneering,1990, Vo123
[42]EERC. Northrige Earthquake Reconnaissance Report[R]. Earthquake Spectra, 1996, Supplement C to Vol.11
[43]NZNSEE. Northrige Earthquake Reconnaissance Report[R]. Report of the NZNSEE Reconnaissance team on the 17 January 1994 Northridge,Los Angeles Earthquake, Bull.New Zealand Nation Society,Earthquake Engneering,1994, Vo127(4)
[44]Eurcode 8 Structures in Seismic Region-Design,Part2,Bridges,Draft,1993
[45]R.I.Skinner,W.H.Robinson,G.H.Mcverry(谢礼立等译).工程隔震概论[M].北京：地震出版社,1996
[46]M.J.N.Priestley,F.Seible,G.M.Calvi,Seismic Design and Retronfit of Bridges, Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1996
[47]刘振宇,赵灿晖等.雅泸路简支体系桥梁抗震设计研究[R].2008
[48]宋晓东,李建中.山区桥梁的抗震概念设计.地震工程与工程振动[J].2004,Vol 24, No.1
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[50]赵国栋.斜拉桥地震反应分析与减震设计.硕士学位论文[D].北京：北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2008
[51]N.M.纽马克,E.罗森布卢斯著,叶耀先译.地震工程学原理[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[2]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1997
[3]庄卫林,刘振宇,蒋劲松.“5.12”汶川地震公路桥梁震害分析及对策研究.公路[J].2009
[4]刘振宇,赵灿晖等.高烈度地震区中小跨径公路桥梁抗震设计关键技术研究可行性研究报告[R].2009
[5]陈虎.桥梁抗震概念设计.国外建材科技[J],2004,Vol 25, No.2
[6]兰雁.高烈度区高桥墩的概念设计.科技之友[J],2009, Vol 23(B)
[7]刘立博.桥梁抗震与抗风设计理念及设计方法.硕士学位论文[D].西安：长安大学土木工程学院,2009
[8]郁彦.高层建筑结构抗震概念设计.建筑科学[J],1987, Vol 23(B)
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2010)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[10]范立础,王志强.桥梁减隔震设计[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[11]范立础,胡世德,叶爱君.大跨度桥梁抗震设计[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[12]范立础,卓卫东.桥梁延性抗震设计[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[13]郭卫民,于晓飞,惠岗.桥梁结构的抗震概念设计.东北公路[J],2000
[14]李睿,叶僚原,杨忠恒,杨清.高烈度地震区梁桥高墩的选型和设计.昆明理工大学学报[J],2008
[15]中华人民共和国行业推荐性标准.公路桥梁抗震设计细则(JTG/T B02-01-2008)[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2008
[16]陈福军.简支体系桥梁震害调查及抗震概念设计原则研究.硕士学位论文[D].成都：西南交通大学土木工程学院,2010
[17]赵灿晖.大跨桥钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应研究.博士学位论文[D].四川：西南交通大学桥梁工程系,2001
[18]王富万,杨文兵.梁格法在桥梁上部结构分析中的应用.华中科技大学学报[J],Vol.23, Sup.1,2006
[19]戴公连,李德建.桥梁结构空间分析设计方法与应用[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[20]北京迈达斯技术有限公司.北京迈达斯技术有限公司技术资料—T梁梁格分析[R].2007
[21]E.C. Hambly著,郭文辉译.桥梁上部构造性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社, 1982
[22]张帆,郑立楷,王华杰.AutoCAD VBA开发精彩实例教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[23]张帆,郑立楷,卢泽林.AutoCAD VBA二次开发教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[24]常兆光,王清河,宋岱才,何苏阳.随机数据处理方法(修订本)[M].山东：石油大学出版社,1997
[25]邱轶兵.实验设计与数据处理.[M].合肥：中国科技大学出版社,2008
[26]赵选民.实验设计方法.[M].北京：科学出版社,2006
[27]周勇军,全伟,贺拴海.基于正交试验的连续刚构桥地震响应敏感性参数分析.地震研究[J],2006,Vol 28, No.4
[28]刘振宇,唐国汉等.都汶高速映秀至汶川段桥梁设计说明[R].2009
[29]叶爱君,胡世德,范立础.桥梁支座抗震性能的模拟分析.同济大学学报[J],Vol.29, No.1,2001
[30]中华人民共和国交通行业标准.公路桥梁板式橡胶支座规格系列(JT/T 663-2006) [S].北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[31]何畅,向中富.简支梁桥桥面连续构造的空间仿真分析.重庆交通大学学报[J],Vol.24, No.1,2005
[32]张勇.地震作用下简支梁桥碰撞反应与实验研究.硕士学位论文[D].天津：天津大学建筑工程学院,2007
[33]郑同.地震作用下梁桥碰撞响应分析及缓冲装置性能评价.硕士学位论文[D].西安：长安大学土木工程学院,2010
[34]李辉.高墩桥梁地震碰撞效应研究.硕士学位论文[D].吉林：吉林大学建设工程学院,2009
[35]杨兆国.强震作用下梁桥的碰撞效应及其响应.硕士学位论文[D].长沙：湖南大学土木工程学院,2009
[36]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析.振动与冲击[J].2010,29(6)：25-30
[37]四川赛思特科技有限责任公司.都江堰至汶川高速公路映秀至汶川段主要桥梁、隧道工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].2009
[38]刘振宇,赵灿晖等.汶川桥梁震害机理分析报告[R].2011
[39]李乔,赵世春.汶川大地震工程震害分析[M].四川：西南交通大学出版社,2008
[40]EERC. Loma Prieta Earthquake Reconnaissance Report[R]. Earthquake Spectra, 1990, Supplement to Vol.6
[41]NZNSEE. The Loma Prieta,California, Earthquake of October 17,1989.Report of the NZNSEE Reconnaissance Team[R]. Bull.New Zealand Nation Society, Earthquake Engneering,1990, Vo123
[42]EERC. Northrige Earthquake Reconnaissance Report[R]. Earthquake Spectra, 1996, Supplement C to Vol.11
[43]NZNSEE. Northrige Earthquake Reconnaissance Report[R]. Report of the NZNSEE Reconnaissance team on the 17 January 1994 Northridge,Los Angeles Earthquake, Bull.New Zealand Nation Society,Earthquake Engneering,1994, Vo127(4)
[44]Eurcode 8 Structures in Seismic Region-Design,Part2,Bridges,Draft,1993
[45]R.I.Skinner,W.H.Robinson,G.H.Mcverry(谢礼立等译).工程隔震概论[M].北京：地震出版社,1996
[46]M.J.N.Priestley,F.Seible,G.M.Calvi,Seismic Design and Retronfit of Bridges, Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1996
[47]刘振宇,赵灿晖等.雅泸路简支体系桥梁抗震设计研究[R].2008
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