变电设备热力除冰技术研究
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摘要
2008年初全国大面积冰害中,多数变电站发生严重的覆冰故障,造成变电站停运,引发周围地区大面积停电事故。目前变电站除冰防冰技术还不成熟,因此,针对我国变电站设备及这些设备发生覆冰的实际情况,研究安全有效的变电站带电除冰技术,对保证变电站和线路安全运行、加快电网恢复和重建速度具有重要意义。
本文主要进行了三个方面的研究工作。
在收集整理变电设备覆冰的危害情况和现有各种除冰技术方案的基础上,对比分析了可能应用于变电设备的各种防冰除冰技术,确定了目前可能应用于变电设备防冰害技术路线有:涂料法、机械除冰法和热力除冰法。其中热力除冰法在变电设备除冰防冰中有巨大的应用前景,它包括热风除冰法、热水除冰法和电加热器除冰法。
以变电站户外支柱绝缘子除冰为例,分别建立了三种热力除冰法的工程计算模型,通过合理的工程简化近似进行理论计算,初步分析比较三种热力除冰法的除冰效果和经济可行性。
在环境气候实验室,进行热风除冰法和热水除冰法的实验研究。按照正交实验设计法进行实验设计,对实验结果进行方差分析,研究除冰参数对除冰效果的影响,并评估其用于变电站防冰害的可能性。实验和分析表明热水除冰法除冰速度快,但是带电热水除冰的危险性较大,带电除冰可行性不大;而热风除冰法除冰速度适中,带电除冰安全性较高,可应用于变电设备带电除冰。最后还对带电热风除冰进行安全性分析,提出热风除冰法可用于变电设备带电除冰,热风带电除冰安全性高,满足带电作业性能指标的要求。
In early 2008 our country suffered a large area of ice, most substation had serious icing fault, which caused substation and a large area around power outage. At present, substation de-icing and anti-icing technology isn't mature enough yet. Therefore, In view of the actual situation of the substation equipment and the equipment Icing, research on the safe and effective live de-icing technology in substation is very important on ensuring the safe operation of substation and line and speeding up the pace of rehabilitation and reconstruction of the power system.
This paper carried out research work in three areas.
Based on collecting the damage circumstance of substation equipment icing and different de-icing technology, this paper has done a comparative analysis of a variety of anti-icing and de-icing technology which may be used in the substation equipment, and determined the substation equipment anti-icing and de-icing technology roadmap, which includes coating anti-icing method, mechanical de-icing method and thermal de-icing method. The thermal de-icing method has a huge application, which includes hot air de-icing method, hot water de-icing and heater de-icing method.
Take the case of outdoor post insulator de-icing in the substation, this paper has constructed the engineering calculation model of three thermal de-icing methods. Through the rational engineering approximation to theoretical calculation, this paper has done a preliminary comparative analysis of de-icing effectiveness and economic feasibility of three three thermal de-icing methods.
In environmental climate laboratory, this paper has done an experimental study on hot air de-icing method and hot water de-icing method. The experiment designs in accordance with the orthogonal experimental design method. This paper has done an analysis of variance of the experimental results, and studies the effect of de-icing parameters. Moreover, it assesses the possibility of these methods used for the substation anti-icing and de-icing. The experiments and analysis show that the de-icing speed of hot water de-icing is fast, but live hot water de-icing is dangerous and there is little probability of live hot water de-icing. And that the de-icing speed of hot air de-icing is moderate, and the live hot air de-icing is safe which may be used for live de-icing on the substation. Finally, this paper analyzes the safety of live hot air de-icing, and brings forward that it can be used for live de-icing on the substation and live hot air de-icing has very good safety which meet the requirements of the performance indicators for live work.
本文主要进行了三个方面的研究工作。
在收集整理变电设备覆冰的危害情况和现有各种除冰技术方案的基础上,对比分析了可能应用于变电设备的各种防冰除冰技术,确定了目前可能应用于变电设备防冰害技术路线有:涂料法、机械除冰法和热力除冰法。其中热力除冰法在变电设备除冰防冰中有巨大的应用前景,它包括热风除冰法、热水除冰法和电加热器除冰法。
以变电站户外支柱绝缘子除冰为例,分别建立了三种热力除冰法的工程计算模型,通过合理的工程简化近似进行理论计算,初步分析比较三种热力除冰法的除冰效果和经济可行性。
在环境气候实验室,进行热风除冰法和热水除冰法的实验研究。按照正交实验设计法进行实验设计,对实验结果进行方差分析,研究除冰参数对除冰效果的影响,并评估其用于变电站防冰害的可能性。实验和分析表明热水除冰法除冰速度快,但是带电热水除冰的危险性较大,带电除冰可行性不大;而热风除冰法除冰速度适中,带电除冰安全性较高,可应用于变电设备带电除冰。最后还对带电热风除冰进行安全性分析,提出热风除冰法可用于变电设备带电除冰,热风带电除冰安全性高,满足带电作业性能指标的要求。
In early 2008 our country suffered a large area of ice, most substation had serious icing fault, which caused substation and a large area around power outage. At present, substation de-icing and anti-icing technology isn't mature enough yet. Therefore, In view of the actual situation of the substation equipment and the equipment Icing, research on the safe and effective live de-icing technology in substation is very important on ensuring the safe operation of substation and line and speeding up the pace of rehabilitation and reconstruction of the power system.
This paper carried out research work in three areas.
Based on collecting the damage circumstance of substation equipment icing and different de-icing technology, this paper has done a comparative analysis of a variety of anti-icing and de-icing technology which may be used in the substation equipment, and determined the substation equipment anti-icing and de-icing technology roadmap, which includes coating anti-icing method, mechanical de-icing method and thermal de-icing method. The thermal de-icing method has a huge application, which includes hot air de-icing method, hot water de-icing and heater de-icing method.
Take the case of outdoor post insulator de-icing in the substation, this paper has constructed the engineering calculation model of three thermal de-icing methods. Through the rational engineering approximation to theoretical calculation, this paper has done a preliminary comparative analysis of de-icing effectiveness and economic feasibility of three three thermal de-icing methods.
In environmental climate laboratory, this paper has done an experimental study on hot air de-icing method and hot water de-icing method. The experiment designs in accordance with the orthogonal experimental design method. This paper has done an analysis of variance of the experimental results, and studies the effect of de-icing parameters. Moreover, it assesses the possibility of these methods used for the substation anti-icing and de-icing. The experiments and analysis show that the de-icing speed of hot water de-icing is fast, but live hot water de-icing is dangerous and there is little probability of live hot water de-icing. And that the de-icing speed of hot air de-icing is moderate, and the live hot air de-icing is safe which may be used for live de-icing on the substation. Finally, this paper analyzes the safety of live hot air de-icing, and brings forward that it can be used for live de-icing on the substation and live hot air de-icing has very good safety which meet the requirements of the performance indicators for live work.
引文
[1]胡毅.输电线路大范围病害事故分析及对策[J].高电压技术,2005,31(4):14~15.
[2]湖南省电力公司.湖南省500kV线路冰害分析报告[R].长沙:湖南省电力公司,2005.
[3]湖北省电力公司. 2008湖北电网冰害分析报告[R].武汉:湖北省电力公司,2008
[4]刘纯,陆佳政,陈红冬.湖南500kV输电线路覆冰倒塔原因分析[J].湖南电力,2005,25(5):1~3.
[5]张弦.重冰区线路导线覆冰断线原因分析及改造方案[J].云南电业,2005,2:40~41.
[6]陈斌,郑德库.架空送电线路导线覆冰破坏问题分析[J].吉林电力.2005,6:25~27.
[7]胡红春.冰害、冰闪和舞动的防治措施[J].电力建设,2005,26(9):31~33.
[8]C. C Davidson,C. Horwill, M. Granger,et al. A Power-Electronics-Based Transmission Line De-icing System. 8th IEE International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2006):135~139.
[9]Robert I. Egbert, Robert L. Schrag, Walter D. Bernhart, et al. An Investigation of Power Line De-icing by Electro-Impulse Methods. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on,1989(3):1855~1861.
[10]Maurice Huneault, Christian Langheit, Jimmy Benny, et al. A Dynamic Programming Methodology to Develop De-Icing Strategies During Ice Storms by Channeling Load Currents in Transmission Networks. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, April 2005(2):1604~1610.
[11]Michel Landry, Roger Beauchemin, Andre Venne. De-Icing EHV Overhead Transmission Lines Using Electromagnetic Forces Generated By Moderate Short-Currents. Transmission and Distribution Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance Proceedings, 2000 IEEE ESMO - 2000 IEEE 9th International Conference on, 2000(3):94~100.
[12]Laforte J L, Allaire M A, Laflamme J. State-of-the-art on power linede-icing[J].Atmospheric Research, 1998, 46:143-158.
[13]Dery A, Gingras J, Hydro P. Québec de-icing projects[C]. Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures. Montreal, Canada,2005,4:25~28.
[14]Horwill C, Davidson C C, Granger M, et al. An application of HVDC to the de-icing of transmission lines[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2005/2006 IEEE PES Dallas,USA.2006,3:120~123.
[15]Grangre M, Dutil A, Nantel A. Performance aspects of Levis substation de-icing project using DC technology[C]. Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures. Montreal, Canada, June 2005:68~71.
[16]许树楷,杨煜.南方电网直流融冰方案仿真研究[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(2):31~36.
[17]许树楷,赵杰.电网冰灾案例及抗冰融冰技术综述[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(2):1~6.
[18]李培国,高继法.输电线路除冰技术与装置.电力设备,2006,3(6):85~87.
[19]易辉,王泉龙.线路覆冰绝缘子串防冰闪措施分析[J].高电压技术,2003,29(11):57~58.
[20]山霞,舒乃秋.关于架空输电线路除冰措施的研究.高电压技术,2006,32(4):25~27.
[21]蒋兴良,易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[22]刘和云.架空导线覆冰防冰的理论与应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.
[23]王守礼,刘恭德.地形对导线覆冰的影响.电力建设,1984,5(3):29~31.
[24]吴文辉.湖南电网覆冰输电线路跳闸事故分析及措施.高电压技术,2006,32(2):110~111.
[25]陈原,张章奎,刘娟.京津唐电网输电线路覆冰掉闸分析.华北电力技术,2003,4:38~45.
[26]M. Farzaneh, J. F. Drapeau. AC Flashover Performance of Insulators Covered with Artificial Ice. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, April 1995(2):1038-1051.
[27]崔吉峰,刘亚新.输电线路绝缘子冰闪的成因分析和防范措施.高电压技术,2006,30(5):60~61.
[28]Sullivan C, Petrenko V. Breaking the ice [transmission line icing]. IndustryApplications Magazine, IEEE , Sept~Oct. 2003(5):49~54.
[29]McCurdy J.D, Sullivan C.R, Petrenko V.F. Using dielectric losses to de-ice power transmission lines with 100kHz high-voltage excitation. Industry Applications Conference(IEEE), Sept 2001(4):2515~2519.
[30]湖南省电力公司. 2008湖南电网冰害分析报告[R].长沙:湖南省电力公司,2008.
[31]崔吉峰,刘亚新.输电线路绝缘子冰闪的成因分析何防范措施[J].高电压技术,2004,30(5):60~61.
[32]苑吉河,蒋新良,张志劲等.低气压下三种覆冰支柱绝缘子直流闪络特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(15):12~15.
[33]蒋兴良,张丽华.输电线路除冰防冰技术综述.高电压技术,1997,23(3):73~76.
[34]张勇,杨军锋.河北省南部电网覆冰闪络事故的成因及对策.河北电力技术,2006,5(2):6~9.
[35]刘宝兴.工程热力学.北京:机械出版社.2006.
[36]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[37]杨贤荣,马庆芳,原庚新等.辐射换热角系数手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1982.
[38]戴昌辉.流体流动测量技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1991.
[39]Rico L, Conners C, Goland Y. Heat transfer analysis of the source plaque for the cesium agricultural commodities interdictor. Heat Transfer Engineering.1992 8(2):87~94.
[40]Grittenden B D, Alderman N J. Mechanisms by which fouling can increase overall heat transfer coefficients. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1987.13(2):87~94.
[41]陶文铨.传热学基础.北京:电力工业出版社.1981.
[42]杨承乾.连铸钢坯温度场和应力场的数值解析.铸造技术,1991,3(2):45~48.
[43]姜同川.正交试验设计.山东:山东科学技术出版社,1985.
[44]方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[45]国家电网公司.国家电网公司电力安全工作规程(电力线路部分)(试行).北京:中国电力出版社.2005.
[2]湖南省电力公司.湖南省500kV线路冰害分析报告[R].长沙:湖南省电力公司,2005.
[3]湖北省电力公司. 2008湖北电网冰害分析报告[R].武汉:湖北省电力公司,2008
[4]刘纯,陆佳政,陈红冬.湖南500kV输电线路覆冰倒塔原因分析[J].湖南电力,2005,25(5):1~3.
[5]张弦.重冰区线路导线覆冰断线原因分析及改造方案[J].云南电业,2005,2:40~41.
[6]陈斌,郑德库.架空送电线路导线覆冰破坏问题分析[J].吉林电力.2005,6:25~27.
[7]胡红春.冰害、冰闪和舞动的防治措施[J].电力建设,2005,26(9):31~33.
[8]C. C Davidson,C. Horwill, M. Granger,et al. A Power-Electronics-Based Transmission Line De-icing System. 8th IEE International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2006):135~139.
[9]Robert I. Egbert, Robert L. Schrag, Walter D. Bernhart, et al. An Investigation of Power Line De-icing by Electro-Impulse Methods. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on,1989(3):1855~1861.
[10]Maurice Huneault, Christian Langheit, Jimmy Benny, et al. A Dynamic Programming Methodology to Develop De-Icing Strategies During Ice Storms by Channeling Load Currents in Transmission Networks. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, April 2005(2):1604~1610.
[11]Michel Landry, Roger Beauchemin, Andre Venne. De-Icing EHV Overhead Transmission Lines Using Electromagnetic Forces Generated By Moderate Short-Currents. Transmission and Distribution Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance Proceedings, 2000 IEEE ESMO - 2000 IEEE 9th International Conference on, 2000(3):94~100.
[12]Laforte J L, Allaire M A, Laflamme J. State-of-the-art on power linede-icing[J].Atmospheric Research, 1998, 46:143-158.
[13]Dery A, Gingras J, Hydro P. Québec de-icing projects[C]. Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures. Montreal, Canada,2005,4:25~28.
[14]Horwill C, Davidson C C, Granger M, et al. An application of HVDC to the de-icing of transmission lines[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2005/2006 IEEE PES Dallas,USA.2006,3:120~123.
[15]Grangre M, Dutil A, Nantel A. Performance aspects of Levis substation de-icing project using DC technology[C]. Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures. Montreal, Canada, June 2005:68~71.
[16]许树楷,杨煜.南方电网直流融冰方案仿真研究[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(2):31~36.
[17]许树楷,赵杰.电网冰灾案例及抗冰融冰技术综述[J].南方电网技术,2008,2(2):1~6.
[18]李培国,高继法.输电线路除冰技术与装置.电力设备,2006,3(6):85~87.
[19]易辉,王泉龙.线路覆冰绝缘子串防冰闪措施分析[J].高电压技术,2003,29(11):57~58.
[20]山霞,舒乃秋.关于架空输电线路除冰措施的研究.高电压技术,2006,32(4):25~27.
[21]蒋兴良,易辉.输电线路覆冰及防护[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[22]刘和云.架空导线覆冰防冰的理论与应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.
[23]王守礼,刘恭德.地形对导线覆冰的影响.电力建设,1984,5(3):29~31.
[24]吴文辉.湖南电网覆冰输电线路跳闸事故分析及措施.高电压技术,2006,32(2):110~111.
[25]陈原,张章奎,刘娟.京津唐电网输电线路覆冰掉闸分析.华北电力技术,2003,4:38~45.
[26]M. Farzaneh, J. F. Drapeau. AC Flashover Performance of Insulators Covered with Artificial Ice. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, April 1995(2):1038-1051.
[27]崔吉峰,刘亚新.输电线路绝缘子冰闪的成因分析和防范措施.高电压技术,2006,30(5):60~61.
[28]Sullivan C, Petrenko V. Breaking the ice [transmission line icing]. IndustryApplications Magazine, IEEE , Sept~Oct. 2003(5):49~54.
[29]McCurdy J.D, Sullivan C.R, Petrenko V.F. Using dielectric losses to de-ice power transmission lines with 100kHz high-voltage excitation. Industry Applications Conference(IEEE), Sept 2001(4):2515~2519.
[30]湖南省电力公司. 2008湖南电网冰害分析报告[R].长沙:湖南省电力公司,2008.
[31]崔吉峰,刘亚新.输电线路绝缘子冰闪的成因分析何防范措施[J].高电压技术,2004,30(5):60~61.
[32]苑吉河,蒋新良,张志劲等.低气压下三种覆冰支柱绝缘子直流闪络特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(15):12~15.
[33]蒋兴良,张丽华.输电线路除冰防冰技术综述.高电压技术,1997,23(3):73~76.
[34]张勇,杨军锋.河北省南部电网覆冰闪络事故的成因及对策.河北电力技术,2006,5(2):6~9.
[35]刘宝兴.工程热力学.北京:机械出版社.2006.
[36]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[37]杨贤荣,马庆芳,原庚新等.辐射换热角系数手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1982.
[38]戴昌辉.流体流动测量技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1991.
[39]Rico L, Conners C, Goland Y. Heat transfer analysis of the source plaque for the cesium agricultural commodities interdictor. Heat Transfer Engineering.1992 8(2):87~94.
[40]Grittenden B D, Alderman N J. Mechanisms by which fouling can increase overall heat transfer coefficients. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1987.13(2):87~94.
[41]陶文铨.传热学基础.北京:电力工业出版社.1981.
[42]杨承乾.连铸钢坯温度场和应力场的数值解析.铸造技术,1991,3(2):45~48.
[43]姜同川.正交试验设计.山东:山东科学技术出版社,1985.
[44]方开泰,马长兴.正交与均匀试验设计.北京:科学出版社,2001.
[45]国家电网公司.国家电网公司电力安全工作规程(电力线路部分)(试行).北京:中国电力出版社.2005.