花岗岩侵蚀山地生态重建及其生态环境效应
|
摘要
花岗岩侵蚀山地生态重建及其生态环境效应
人类对环境的压力,导致生态环境的恶化。对生态的恢复与重建随
着人们环境意识的提高而日益受到政府、社会和科技工作者的重视。本文
对亚热带分布广泛的花岗岩侵蚀山地的生态重建问题以及重建后所产生
的生态环境效应展开研究,目的是为了寻求合适的生态重建途径。生态恢
复与重建是一个理论性与实践性都很强的工作,惟有二者紧密结合,方能
有效。研究工作正是以此为立足点,以大量的第一手的监测资料、调查资
料、具体的实践资料为基础,进行分析和理论上的提高。研究所取得的主
要结论包括:(1)系统分析和总结了花岗岩生态系统的特征,及其退化的
特征和过程,指出花岗岩生态系统存在若干退化过程阶段,不同的阶段应
采用不同的重建方法;(2)生态重建途径的选择要因地制宜,因经济和社
会的发展而变化;(3)应用“3S”技术,可把景观生态学的理论与生态
重建活动进行有机的结合。(4)进行各种恢复与重建措施后的土壤、植物
群落、小气候等生态环境的研究,认为生态恢复与重建后的生态环境效应
是评价生态系统服务功能及重建效果的基础。
Pressure from human being on the environment has led to the deterioration of eco-environment. Nowadays, having recognized the importance of environment, the whole society, especially scientific and technological circles, is paying more and more attention to the problem of restoration and rehabilitation of the ecological environment. This paper is on the study of rehabilitation of eroded granite mountainous regions that are widely spread across subtopics and the ecological and environmental effects after the rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to seed for suitable ways for rehabilitation. The author believes that the restoration and rehabilitation of ecology must be combined together, and it is a job strongly associated with both theory and practice. On account of this, the study, which is based on a great amount of data of monitoring, investigation and practice, analyzed the data and draw the conclusions as follow:1) By analyzing the features and process of the formation and degeneration of granite ecosystem, the author points out that there are various degeneration phrases, and in different phrases, there should be different methods of rehabilitation.2) The methods of rehabilitation of ecosystem should be taken in the light of local conditions and they should be varied according to the development of local economy and society.3) The application of "3S" will result in the integration of theory of landscape ecology and practice of ecological rehabilitation.4) Having studied the ecosystem such as soil, phytocoensis and microclimate after restoration and rehabilitation, the author believes that the
effectiveness of ecological environment after the restoration and rehabilitation is the criteria of evaluating the serving function of ecosystem and the effects of rehabilitation.
人类对环境的压力,导致生态环境的恶化。对生态的恢复与重建随
着人们环境意识的提高而日益受到政府、社会和科技工作者的重视。本文
对亚热带分布广泛的花岗岩侵蚀山地的生态重建问题以及重建后所产生
的生态环境效应展开研究,目的是为了寻求合适的生态重建途径。生态恢
复与重建是一个理论性与实践性都很强的工作,惟有二者紧密结合,方能
有效。研究工作正是以此为立足点,以大量的第一手的监测资料、调查资
料、具体的实践资料为基础,进行分析和理论上的提高。研究所取得的主
要结论包括:(1)系统分析和总结了花岗岩生态系统的特征,及其退化的
特征和过程,指出花岗岩生态系统存在若干退化过程阶段,不同的阶段应
采用不同的重建方法;(2)生态重建途径的选择要因地制宜,因经济和社
会的发展而变化;(3)应用“3S”技术,可把景观生态学的理论与生态
重建活动进行有机的结合。(4)进行各种恢复与重建措施后的土壤、植物
群落、小气候等生态环境的研究,认为生态恢复与重建后的生态环境效应
是评价生态系统服务功能及重建效果的基础。
Pressure from human being on the environment has led to the deterioration of eco-environment. Nowadays, having recognized the importance of environment, the whole society, especially scientific and technological circles, is paying more and more attention to the problem of restoration and rehabilitation of the ecological environment. This paper is on the study of rehabilitation of eroded granite mountainous regions that are widely spread across subtopics and the ecological and environmental effects after the rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to seed for suitable ways for rehabilitation. The author believes that the restoration and rehabilitation of ecology must be combined together, and it is a job strongly associated with both theory and practice. On account of this, the study, which is based on a great amount of data of monitoring, investigation and practice, analyzed the data and draw the conclusions as follow:1) By analyzing the features and process of the formation and degeneration of granite ecosystem, the author points out that there are various degeneration phrases, and in different phrases, there should be different methods of rehabilitation.2) The methods of rehabilitation of ecosystem should be taken in the light of local conditions and they should be varied according to the development of local economy and society.3) The application of "3S" will result in the integration of theory of landscape ecology and practice of ecological rehabilitation.4) Having studied the ecosystem such as soil, phytocoensis and microclimate after restoration and rehabilitation, the author believes that the
effectiveness of ecological environment after the restoration and rehabilitation is the criteria of evaluating the serving function of ecosystem and the effects of rehabilitation.
引文
1.李博主编.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:197
2.包维楷等.退化山地生态系统中生物多样性恢复与重建研究.见:钱迎清,甄仁德主编.生物多样性研究进展.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,417～422.
3.尹丽洁,尹远志.长江流域花岗岩地区水土流失治理[J].中国水利(B刊),2003,(5):30～3
4.阮伏水,朱鹤健.福建省花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀与治理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:31～32
5.赵昭炳.福建省花岗岩类风化物的特性与建立地带性森林生态系统[J].福建水土保持,1989,1(1):39～42
6.曾昭旋.从暴流地貌看崩岗以育及其整治[J].福建水土保持,1992,4(2):18～23
7.吴志峰,王继增.华南花岗岩风化壳岩土特性与崩岗侵蚀关系[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):31～35
8. Julius Budel. Climatic Geomorphology[M]. New Jersey, U.S.A.: Princeton University Press. 122～201
9.丘世钧.红土坡地崩岗侵蚀过程与机理[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(6):31～40
10.阮伏水,周伏建.福建省地貌特征与土壤侵蚀的关系初探[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(1):23～29
11.鹿世瑾.福建气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1999:12～14
12.章家恩,徐琪.生态退化研究的基本内容与框架[J].水土保持通报,1997,17(6):46～53
13.任海,彭少麟.恢复生态学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,10
14.章家恩,徐琪.生态退化的形成原因探讨[J].生态科学,1999,18(3):27～32
15.章家恩,徐琪.生态系统退化的动力学解释及其定量表达探讨[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(3):251～259
16.赵其国.我国红壤的退化问题[J].土壤,1995,27(6):282～285
17.刘国华,傅伯杰,陈利顶,郭旭东.中国生态退化的主要类型、特征及分布[J].生 态学报,2000,20(1):13～19
18.包维楷,陈庆恒.生态系统退化的过程及其特点[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):36-42
19.彭少麟.恢复生态学与退化生态系统的恢复[J].中国科学院院刊,2000,(3):188～192
20.中共龙岩市委党史研究室.绿梦成真[M],北京:北京广播学院出版社,1999,7:91～101
21.彭少麟,方炜.南亚热带森林演替过程生物量和生产力动态特征[J].生态科学,1995,(2):1～9
22.咎廷全,刘宗超.非线性生态系统分析.见:马世骏主编.现代生态学透视.科学出版社,1990,261～272.
23.王国宏.再论生物多样性与生态系统的稳定性生物多样性[J].生物多样性,2002,10(1):126～134
24.肖笃宁主编.景观生态学研究进展[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1999:8～14
25.任海,彭少麟.恢复生态学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:10～11
26.陈志彪,涂宏章,谢跟踪.采矿迹地生态重建研究实例[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):31～32,35
27. Bormann, F. H. Air pollution and forest system perspective. Bioscience, 1985, 35(7): 434～441. Milton, S. J. et. al. A conceptual model of arid rangeland degradation. Bioscience, 1993, 44(2): 70～76.
28.于秀波.我国生态退化、生态恢复及政策保障研究[J].资源科学,2002,24(1):72～76
29.何毓蓉.我国南方山区土壤退化及其防治[J].山地研究,1996,14(2):110～116
30.刘苑秋.亚热带红壤区退化及生态恢复研究综述[J].南京林业大学学报,2000,24(增刊):53～58
31.史德明,韦启墦,梁音.关于侵蚀土壤退化及其机理[J].土壤,1996,(3):140～144
32.史德明.南方花岗岩区的土壤侵蚀及其防治[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(3):63～72
33.阮伏水,朱鹤健.福建省花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀与治理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:43～44
34.阮伏水,周伏建,聂碧娟等.花岗岩风化壳抗侵蚀特征研究—Ⅰ花岗岩风化壳物理特征[J].福建水土保持,1995,7(4):37～42,51
35.阮伏水.福建花岗岩地区坡度和坡长对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,11(1):100～106
36.崔书红.花岗岩风化壳土地退化及其危害[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(5):53～57
37. W. H. Wischmeier, D. D. Smith, R. E. Uhland. Evaluation of Factors in the Soil-loss Equation[J]. Agr. Eng, 1958, 23: 458～462
38.卢程隆,黄炎和,郑添发,等.闽东南花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀的研究[J].水土保持通报,1990,10(2):41～48
39.黄炎和,朱鹤健,郑达贤.闽南地区的土壤侵蚀与治理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:21～55
40.王彦华,谢先德,王春云。广东花岗岩风化剖面的物性特征[J]。热带地理,2000,20(4):256～260
41.王彦华,谢先德,王春云.风化花岗岩崩岗灾害的成因机理[J].山地学报,2000,18(6):496～501
2.包维楷等.退化山地生态系统中生物多样性恢复与重建研究.见:钱迎清,甄仁德主编.生物多样性研究进展.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,417～422.
3.尹丽洁,尹远志.长江流域花岗岩地区水土流失治理[J].中国水利(B刊),2003,(5):30～3
4.阮伏水,朱鹤健.福建省花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀与治理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:31～32
5.赵昭炳.福建省花岗岩类风化物的特性与建立地带性森林生态系统[J].福建水土保持,1989,1(1):39～42
6.曾昭旋.从暴流地貌看崩岗以育及其整治[J].福建水土保持,1992,4(2):18～23
7.吴志峰,王继增.华南花岗岩风化壳岩土特性与崩岗侵蚀关系[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):31～35
8. Julius Budel. Climatic Geomorphology[M]. New Jersey, U.S.A.: Princeton University Press. 122～201
9.丘世钧.红土坡地崩岗侵蚀过程与机理[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(6):31～40
10.阮伏水,周伏建.福建省地貌特征与土壤侵蚀的关系初探[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(1):23～29
11.鹿世瑾.福建气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1999:12～14
12.章家恩,徐琪.生态退化研究的基本内容与框架[J].水土保持通报,1997,17(6):46～53
13.任海,彭少麟.恢复生态学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,10
14.章家恩,徐琪.生态退化的形成原因探讨[J].生态科学,1999,18(3):27～32
15.章家恩,徐琪.生态系统退化的动力学解释及其定量表达探讨[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(3):251～259
16.赵其国.我国红壤的退化问题[J].土壤,1995,27(6):282～285
17.刘国华,傅伯杰,陈利顶,郭旭东.中国生态退化的主要类型、特征及分布[J].生 态学报,2000,20(1):13～19
18.包维楷,陈庆恒.生态系统退化的过程及其特点[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(2):36-42
19.彭少麟.恢复生态学与退化生态系统的恢复[J].中国科学院院刊,2000,(3):188～192
20.中共龙岩市委党史研究室.绿梦成真[M],北京:北京广播学院出版社,1999,7:91～101
21.彭少麟,方炜.南亚热带森林演替过程生物量和生产力动态特征[J].生态科学,1995,(2):1～9
22.咎廷全,刘宗超.非线性生态系统分析.见:马世骏主编.现代生态学透视.科学出版社,1990,261～272.
23.王国宏.再论生物多样性与生态系统的稳定性生物多样性[J].生物多样性,2002,10(1):126～134
24.肖笃宁主编.景观生态学研究进展[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1999:8～14
25.任海,彭少麟.恢复生态学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:10～11
26.陈志彪,涂宏章,谢跟踪.采矿迹地生态重建研究实例[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(4):31～32,35
27. Bormann, F. H. Air pollution and forest system perspective. Bioscience, 1985, 35(7): 434～441. Milton, S. J. et. al. A conceptual model of arid rangeland degradation. Bioscience, 1993, 44(2): 70～76.
28.于秀波.我国生态退化、生态恢复及政策保障研究[J].资源科学,2002,24(1):72～76
29.何毓蓉.我国南方山区土壤退化及其防治[J].山地研究,1996,14(2):110～116
30.刘苑秋.亚热带红壤区退化及生态恢复研究综述[J].南京林业大学学报,2000,24(增刊):53～58
31.史德明,韦启墦,梁音.关于侵蚀土壤退化及其机理[J].土壤,1996,(3):140～144
32.史德明.南方花岗岩区的土壤侵蚀及其防治[J].水土保持学报,1991,5(3):63～72
33.阮伏水,朱鹤健.福建省花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀与治理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997:43～44
34.阮伏水,周伏建,聂碧娟等.花岗岩风化壳抗侵蚀特征研究—Ⅰ花岗岩风化壳物理特征[J].福建水土保持,1995,7(4):37～42,51
35.阮伏水.福建花岗岩地区坡度和坡长对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),1995,11(1):100～106
36.崔书红.花岗岩风化壳土地退化及其危害[J].水土保持通报,1994,14(5):53～57
37. W. H. Wischmeier, D. D. Smith, R. E. Uhland. Evaluation of Factors in the Soil-loss Equation[J]. Agr. Eng, 1958, 23: 458～462
38.卢程隆,黄炎和,郑添发,等.闽东南花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀的研究[J].水土保持通报,1990,10(2):41～48
39.黄炎和,朱鹤健,郑达贤.闽南地区的土壤侵蚀与治理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:21～55
40.王彦华,谢先德,王春云。广东花岗岩风化剖面的物性特征[J]。热带地理,2000,20(4):256～260
41.王彦华,谢先德,王春云.风化花岗岩崩岗灾害的成因机理[J].山地学报,2000,18(6):496～501