被动式水声定位系统浮标无线电节点设计
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摘要
被动跟踪技术因无须在目标上加装合作信标,从而能够大大提高试验效率。传统被动方式的轨迹跟踪系统因测距精度差、跟踪速度慢等局限性,一直未成为装备定型试验的主力设备。随着新型水下武器的出现,更难以高精度测定水下目标的三维运动轨迹,因此高性能的水下非合作目标定位跟踪系统的建设已经提上了议事日程。
被动式水声定位系统可以实时测量高速目标的三维运动轨迹。该系统各阵元与信息处理中心之间采用无线电方式进行数据传输。无线电数据传输的高可靠性和低误码率是系统能够精确解算目标轨迹的基本保障。本文正是围绕被动式水声定位系统浮标无线电节点的设计而展开的。论文主要工作包括以下三个部分:
1.浮标通信平台的硬件设计和接口实现。在充分利用所选器件特点的基础上,利用FPAG开发出底层通信接口,将DSP与扩频电台、GPS等外设的接口协议集成到了一片FPGA中,减小了硬件规模,降低了功耗,提高了系统的可靠性。
2.制定TDMA通信协议并在DSP上实现该协议。DSP程序采用模块化设计,各个模块之间互相独立,增加了程序的可读性,也便于修改。
3.对微波的传播特性进行了理论研究并结合湖试结果进行分析。结果表明:利用二线(直达波和反射波)传播模型建立起来的传播损耗仿真模型和实际情况能很好的吻合,理论分析结果基本能够预测系统的通信距离。
Passive tracking technology does not call for cooperate signal source on the target, and would improve naval shooting trial efficiency greatly. Traditional passive tracking systems are restricted by such facts as low ranging precision and slow tracking speed, so did not become main force for equip finalizing trial. As the new underwater weapon coming forth, old systems are incapable of detecting and tracking the underwater targets' three-dimensional tracks. So a schedule has been brought out to build a locating and tracking system with high performance aiming at disoperative underwater target.
Passive acoustic positioning system can measure the high speed targets' three-dimension tracks in real time. Data are exchanged by radio-communication between buoys and information processing center. The high reliability and low false code ratio of radio communication ensures that the system track the targets accurately. The content of the dissertation is focused on the design of wireless buoy nodes of the passive acoustic positioning system, which includes three parts:
1. The buoy communication system's hardware circuit is designed and the interface protocol is realized. On the basis of the components property, the physical communication interface is developed with FPGA, and the interface protocol between DSP and spread spectrum radio station, DSP and GPS, DSP and other peripheral equipments is integrated into a FPGA chip, which make the hardware scale smaller, the power consumption decreased and the system reliability improved.
2. The TDMA communication protocol is established and realized on DSP. The DSP program is modularized with each module independent, which enhances the readability and makes the modification convenient.
3. The microwave transmission characteristics are studied combined with experimental results, which shows that the simulation model based on dual (direct wave and reflected wave) propagation model were consistent with the real facts. The results can forecast the operating range of radio-communication.
被动式水声定位系统可以实时测量高速目标的三维运动轨迹。该系统各阵元与信息处理中心之间采用无线电方式进行数据传输。无线电数据传输的高可靠性和低误码率是系统能够精确解算目标轨迹的基本保障。本文正是围绕被动式水声定位系统浮标无线电节点的设计而展开的。论文主要工作包括以下三个部分:
1.浮标通信平台的硬件设计和接口实现。在充分利用所选器件特点的基础上,利用FPAG开发出底层通信接口,将DSP与扩频电台、GPS等外设的接口协议集成到了一片FPGA中,减小了硬件规模,降低了功耗,提高了系统的可靠性。
2.制定TDMA通信协议并在DSP上实现该协议。DSP程序采用模块化设计,各个模块之间互相独立,增加了程序的可读性,也便于修改。
3.对微波的传播特性进行了理论研究并结合湖试结果进行分析。结果表明:利用二线(直达波和反射波)传播模型建立起来的传播损耗仿真模型和实际情况能很好的吻合,理论分析结果基本能够预测系统的通信距离。
Passive tracking technology does not call for cooperate signal source on the target, and would improve naval shooting trial efficiency greatly. Traditional passive tracking systems are restricted by such facts as low ranging precision and slow tracking speed, so did not become main force for equip finalizing trial. As the new underwater weapon coming forth, old systems are incapable of detecting and tracking the underwater targets' three-dimensional tracks. So a schedule has been brought out to build a locating and tracking system with high performance aiming at disoperative underwater target.
Passive acoustic positioning system can measure the high speed targets' three-dimension tracks in real time. Data are exchanged by radio-communication between buoys and information processing center. The high reliability and low false code ratio of radio communication ensures that the system track the targets accurately. The content of the dissertation is focused on the design of wireless buoy nodes of the passive acoustic positioning system, which includes three parts:
1. The buoy communication system's hardware circuit is designed and the interface protocol is realized. On the basis of the components property, the physical communication interface is developed with FPGA, and the interface protocol between DSP and spread spectrum radio station, DSP and GPS, DSP and other peripheral equipments is integrated into a FPGA chip, which make the hardware scale smaller, the power consumption decreased and the system reliability improved.
2. The TDMA communication protocol is established and realized on DSP. The DSP program is modularized with each module independent, which enhances the readability and makes the modification convenient.
3. The microwave transmission characteristics are studied combined with experimental results, which shows that the simulation model based on dual (direct wave and reflected wave) propagation model were consistent with the real facts. The results can forecast the operating range of radio-communication.
引文
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[2]凌育进.我国鱼雷水声跟踪系统综述.鱼雷靶场.1993(4):9-13页
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[4]田坦,刘国枝,孙大军.声纳技术.哈尔滨工程大学出版,2000:247-263页
[5]廖建新,王晶,张磊,武家春.移动通信新业务—技术与应用.人民邮电出版社,2007:15-19页
[6]张贤达.通信信号处理.国防工业出版社,2000:1-10页
[7]申敏,邓矣兵等.DSP原理及其在移动通信中的应用.人民邮电出版社,2001:36-42页
[8]方华刚,叶琅等.DSP原理与应用.机械工业出版社,2006:45-47页
[9]胡庆钟,李小刚,吴饪淳等.TMS320C55xDSP原理、应用和设计.机械工业出版社,2005:206-210页
[10]王小军.VHDL简明教程.清华大学出版社,1998:1-100页
[11]宋万杰等.CPLD技术及其应用.西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:30-200页
[12]赵雅兴.FPGA原理、设计与应用.天津大学出版社,1999:6-50页
[13]Intersil HFA3524 Data Sheet.March 2000
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[15]NovAtel Inc.Superstar Ⅱ User Manual.NovAtel Inc,Canada,2005
[16]NovAtel Inc.Superstar Ⅱ Firmware Reference Manua.NovAtel Inc,Canada,2005.
[17]王泽民,王忠能,凌国民等.应用GPS技术的水下高精度定位系统.2004年船舶仪器仪表学术年会论文集,中国北海,2004.
[18]程剑,王泽民,赵海潮.基于GPS时钟同步的水声定位延时测量技术.2004年船舶仪器仪表学术年会论文集,中国北海,2004.
[19]林英祥,朱涛.船向标校系统的GPS时间同步装置设计方法[J].船海工程,2003,第2期:9-10页.
[20]ANSI/IEEEstd754-1985,IEEEStandardfor Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.
[21]TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual
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[23]TMS320C55xDSP Mnemonic Instruction Set Reference Set.2002
[24]TMS320C55xDSP Assembly Language Tools User's Guide.2000
[25]TMS320VC5509 and TMS320VC5509A Bootloader Datasheet.2002
[26]TMS320VC550155025503550755095510 McBSP Reference Guide(Rev.e)
[27]TMS320VC5510 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF) Reference Guide
[28]殷冬梅.无线电水声浮标阵多目标跟踪定位系统.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2003:52-81页
[29]FLEX10K Embedded Programmable Logic Family Data Sheet.June 1999.Ver 4.01
[30]SST39LF160/SST39VF160 Data Sheet.2003
[31]邓良慧.长基线定位系统通讯平台设计.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2004:10-50页
[32]胡庆,谢显中,张德民,宋燕辉.电信传输原理.电子工业出版社,2004:30-40页
[33]王增和,卢春兰,钱祖平.天线与电波传播.机械工业出版社,2003:20-35页
[34]A.麦罗拉.蜂窝移动通信工程设计.人民邮电出版社,2001:19-43页
[35]王有方.微波路径反射点位置及余隙的计算.南京邮电学院学报.1991,11(3):85-89页
[36]李启虎.声纳信号处理引论.北京:海洋出版社,1985:371-377页
[37]阎福旺等.现代声纳技术.北京:海洋出版社,1998:1-10页
[38]毛卫宁.水下被动定位方法回顾与展望.东南大学学报(自然科学版).2001,11
[39]生雪莉.矢量反转镜时空滤波技术及其在水声中的应用.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.2005:1-10页
[40]查光明,熊贤祚.扩频通信.西安电子科技大学出版社,2004:25-26页
[41]Turbin G.An introduction to matched filter.ITR Trans.IT-6,1960:311-330P
[42]Westerfield EC.Processing gain against reverberation using matched filter.IRE Trans.IT-6,1960:376-383P
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[44]Marandda B H,Fawcett J A.Detection and localization of weak targets by space—time integration.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1991,16(2):189-194P
[45]胡友峰,孙进才.多平台基于方位时延差的目标运动分析.系统工程与电子技术.2002,24(11):28-30页
[46]王燕,梁国龙.基于目标方位及时延差的双基阵目标运动分析.声学技术.2001,20(5):60-62页
[2]凌育进.我国鱼雷水声跟踪系统综述.鱼雷靶场.1993(4):9-13页
[3]李姝.被动目标定位系统中浮标实时信号处理算法实现.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007:2-10页
[4]田坦,刘国枝,孙大军.声纳技术.哈尔滨工程大学出版,2000:247-263页
[5]廖建新,王晶,张磊,武家春.移动通信新业务—技术与应用.人民邮电出版社,2007:15-19页
[6]张贤达.通信信号处理.国防工业出版社,2000:1-10页
[7]申敏,邓矣兵等.DSP原理及其在移动通信中的应用.人民邮电出版社,2001:36-42页
[8]方华刚,叶琅等.DSP原理与应用.机械工业出版社,2006:45-47页
[9]胡庆钟,李小刚,吴饪淳等.TMS320C55xDSP原理、应用和设计.机械工业出版社,2005:206-210页
[10]王小军.VHDL简明教程.清华大学出版社,1998:1-100页
[11]宋万杰等.CPLD技术及其应用.西安电子科技大学出版社,2000:30-200页
[12]赵雅兴.FPGA原理、设计与应用.天津大学出版社,1999:6-50页
[13]Intersil HFA3524 Data Sheet.March 2000
[14]Intersil HFA3824A Data Sheet.August 1998
[15]NovAtel Inc.Superstar Ⅱ User Manual.NovAtel Inc,Canada,2005
[16]NovAtel Inc.Superstar Ⅱ Firmware Reference Manua.NovAtel Inc,Canada,2005.
[17]王泽民,王忠能,凌国民等.应用GPS技术的水下高精度定位系统.2004年船舶仪器仪表学术年会论文集,中国北海,2004.
[18]程剑,王泽民,赵海潮.基于GPS时钟同步的水声定位延时测量技术.2004年船舶仪器仪表学术年会论文集,中国北海,2004.
[19]林英祥,朱涛.船向标校系统的GPS时间同步装置设计方法[J].船海工程,2003,第2期:9-10页.
[20]ANSI/IEEEstd754-1985,IEEEStandardfor Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic.
[21]TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual
[22]TMS320VC5503550755095510DSPDMAControllerReferenceGuide(Rev.d)
[23]TMS320C55xDSP Mnemonic Instruction Set Reference Set.2002
[24]TMS320C55xDSP Assembly Language Tools User's Guide.2000
[25]TMS320VC5509 and TMS320VC5509A Bootloader Datasheet.2002
[26]TMS320VC550155025503550755095510 McBSP Reference Guide(Rev.e)
[27]TMS320VC5510 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF) Reference Guide
[28]殷冬梅.无线电水声浮标阵多目标跟踪定位系统.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2003:52-81页
[29]FLEX10K Embedded Programmable Logic Family Data Sheet.June 1999.Ver 4.01
[30]SST39LF160/SST39VF160 Data Sheet.2003
[31]邓良慧.长基线定位系统通讯平台设计.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2004:10-50页
[32]胡庆,谢显中,张德民,宋燕辉.电信传输原理.电子工业出版社,2004:30-40页
[33]王增和,卢春兰,钱祖平.天线与电波传播.机械工业出版社,2003:20-35页
[34]A.麦罗拉.蜂窝移动通信工程设计.人民邮电出版社,2001:19-43页
[35]王有方.微波路径反射点位置及余隙的计算.南京邮电学院学报.1991,11(3):85-89页
[36]李启虎.声纳信号处理引论.北京:海洋出版社,1985:371-377页
[37]阎福旺等.现代声纳技术.北京:海洋出版社,1998:1-10页
[38]毛卫宁.水下被动定位方法回顾与展望.东南大学学报(自然科学版).2001,11
[39]生雪莉.矢量反转镜时空滤波技术及其在水声中的应用.哈尔滨工程大学博士论文.2005:1-10页
[40]查光明,熊贤祚.扩频通信.西安电子科技大学出版社,2004:25-26页
[41]Turbin G.An introduction to matched filter.ITR Trans.IT-6,1960:311-330P
[42]Westerfield EC.Processing gain against reverberation using matched filter.IRE Trans.IT-6,1960:376-383P
[43]Passerienux J M,Pillon D.et al.Target motion analysis with bearings and frequentcies measurements.Proceedings of the 22nd Asilomar Conference,1988:458-462P
[44]Marandda B H,Fawcett J A.Detection and localization of weak targets by space—time integration.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1991,16(2):189-194P
[45]胡友峰,孙进才.多平台基于方位时延差的目标运动分析.系统工程与电子技术.2002,24(11):28-30页
[46]王燕,梁国龙.基于目标方位及时延差的双基阵目标运动分析.声学技术.2001,20(5):60-62页