船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行的仿真研究
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摘要
随着航运事业的发展，在能源匮乏的今天，对船舶电站系统航行安全、船舶节能和降低运行成本的研究提出了更高的要求。本论文的工作顺应了把上海建设成为国际航运中心的宏伟目标，结合上海市教委重点学科研究项目“船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行的仿真研究”进行的。船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行以达到最佳节能目的，提高经济效益，其通常有这三种发电方式：独立的重油柴油机发电机组发电方式、轴带发电机组发电方式、废气透平发电机组发电方式。在理想情况下，主机功率较大、废气锅炉蒸汽量大，如果船舶用气量不大时，透平发电量足，这时轴带发电机可作为电动机运行，帮助主机推进船舶。在主机功率较小，透平发电量不足时轴带发电机供电给电网以满足用电设备的需要。停航时，由柴油发电机组提供。
船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行的仿真系统包括OFF LINE的纯软件仿真和ON LINE的物理数学仿真，其主要功能是为了满足STCW公约要求，对海船船员和学生进行教学、考核和评估。可替代船员的一部分海上经历，快速培养现代高级轮机管理人员，提高在校学生的实操水平和应变能力，对拓宽现职船员对自动化船舶的适应能力，特别对培养机电合一的新一代船员有着巨大的社会意义和经济效益。本论文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：
第一．数据库方面；船舶电站仿真系统一般采用参数传递数据。在教学、考核和评估的时候，它使得各个学生站数据很难达到一致性，并且数据变量难于处理。譬如，培训教学时一个客户端占有主机控制权---控制监视电站设备，这时，其他客户端难以获得主控客户端的操作情况和电站设备的工作状况。另外，随着科学技术，特别是Internet技术的飞速发展及其广泛应用，基于WEB的电站仿真技术、分布交互式电站仿真、基于WEB的分布交互式电站仿真已经成为电站仿真热点。主要鉴于这两方面考虑，项目中选用Visual Basic、SQL Server和ADO技术来完成数据库，使得船舶电站仿真系统通信数据容易管理、满足客户端数据一致性，便于以后发展的电站仿真系统容易改进；
第二．嵌入式实时系统方面；船舶电站系统仿真程序很大，许多电站物理仿真设备是集中式管理，在操作运行的时候，其不可避免地带来了延
迟，导致监视控制的实时性较差，主控机的负担较重。并且在研华PC-
LabCard上连接的信号线不能太长，这对于设备的安装配置有了一定的限
制。其整个系统完全依赖于PC一LabCard，其可靠性差。如果它出现异常情
况，整个系统就可能瘫痪，不能很好地进行分布式控制。因此本项目采用
TMS320LF2407 DSP完成分布式电站仿真系统。嵌入式实时系统的引用使
电站仿真设备能进行分布式控制，其管理得以完善，实时性好，可靠性高。
通过对以上的研究，完善了船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行的仿真研
究，有很高的现实意义。
With the development of shipping industry, as energy is deficient today, high requirements are proposed to further research on shipping energy-conservation and cost reduction of running. In line with the mighty goal of turning Shanghai into an international shipping center, the dissertation is majored in Simulation Research on Joint Operation of Multiple Power-Generating Method in Marine Power Station, which is one of the key subject research projects of Education Commission of Shanghai. The joint operation of multiple power-generating method in marine power station can save energy and increase the economic benefit. Generally, there are three kinds of the power-generating methods: the power-generating method of independent heavy-oil diesel engine power unit, the power-generating method of shaft engine power unit and the power-generating method of turbine engine power unit. In the condition that the main engine is powerful and the steam boiler has abundant waste gas, the turbine generator brings about enough
energy without consuming any gas, therefore the shaft generator runs as the motor to help the main engine push the ship. But when the main engine has relatively little power and the energy supplied by turbine generator is insufficient, the shaft generator supplies the power to electric network to meet the needs of the electron devices. While suspending, power is offered by the diesel engine generator.
The simulation system on joint operation of multiple power-generating method in marine power station includes the OFF LINE mathematics simulation software and ON LINE mathematics-physical simulation software. Its main functions are teaching, examining and assessing the seamen and students so as to satisfy the domestic and international requirements of training crew. Substituting parts of crew's marine experience, it can train the modern senior engine managers efficiently and can also improve the students' practical competence and adaptability of facing changes, widen their adaptive capacity to automatic shipping system. The system is
beneficial to the society with the reality of training a new generation of crew who are master in electric and mechanic devices. This dissertation includes in several respects of research as follows:
Firstly, database. The simulating system of shipping power station adopts parameters to transmit data. When teaching, examining and assessing, it makes student workstation very difficult to obtain consistent data and to deal with the variable data. For example, when teaching, only one client terminal can control the main engine and monitor the station equipment while others can hardly acquire the operation performance of the controller and the power station. In addition, with the development of science and technology, the rapid improvement and the wide use of Internet technology, the simulation system of distributed power station based on WEB has become the hotspot in the simulation system. For these two respects are considered, we select Visual Basic> SQL Server and ADO technology to construct the database in order to make the communication data of the simulation system easier to manage and meet with the consistent data of client terminal, therefore the advanced simulation system of power station is easy to develop.
Secondly, embedded real-time system. System simulation program is complex and Centralized control on the physical equipment so that it unavoidably brings delay in operation, which results in bad real-time qualities and heavy burden of the main engine. In addition, the data line on the PC-LabCard can not be too long which limits the installation of the equipment. The whole system totally depends on PC-LabCard, so its dependability is bad. If it goes wrong, the whole system will crack down and can not carry on distributed control. So we adopt TMS320LF2407 DSP to construct the distributed simulation system of power station. The embedded real-time system makes the simulation equipment be capable of distributed control, perfect management, fine real-time qualities and high depe
船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行的仿真系统包括OFF LINE的纯软件仿真和ON LINE的物理数学仿真，其主要功能是为了满足STCW公约要求，对海船船员和学生进行教学、考核和评估。可替代船员的一部分海上经历，快速培养现代高级轮机管理人员，提高在校学生的实操水平和应变能力，对拓宽现职船员对自动化船舶的适应能力，特别对培养机电合一的新一代船员有着巨大的社会意义和经济效益。本论文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：
第一．数据库方面；船舶电站仿真系统一般采用参数传递数据。在教学、考核和评估的时候，它使得各个学生站数据很难达到一致性，并且数据变量难于处理。譬如，培训教学时一个客户端占有主机控制权---控制监视电站设备，这时，其他客户端难以获得主控客户端的操作情况和电站设备的工作状况。另外，随着科学技术，特别是Internet技术的飞速发展及其广泛应用，基于WEB的电站仿真技术、分布交互式电站仿真、基于WEB的分布交互式电站仿真已经成为电站仿真热点。主要鉴于这两方面考虑，项目中选用Visual Basic、SQL Server和ADO技术来完成数据库，使得船舶电站仿真系统通信数据容易管理、满足客户端数据一致性，便于以后发展的电站仿真系统容易改进；
第二．嵌入式实时系统方面；船舶电站系统仿真程序很大，许多电站物理仿真设备是集中式管理，在操作运行的时候，其不可避免地带来了延
迟，导致监视控制的实时性较差，主控机的负担较重。并且在研华PC-
LabCard上连接的信号线不能太长，这对于设备的安装配置有了一定的限
制。其整个系统完全依赖于PC一LabCard，其可靠性差。如果它出现异常情
况，整个系统就可能瘫痪，不能很好地进行分布式控制。因此本项目采用
TMS320LF2407 DSP完成分布式电站仿真系统。嵌入式实时系统的引用使
电站仿真设备能进行分布式控制，其管理得以完善，实时性好，可靠性高。
通过对以上的研究，完善了船舶电站多种发电方式联合运行的仿真研
究，有很高的现实意义。
With the development of shipping industry, as energy is deficient today, high requirements are proposed to further research on shipping energy-conservation and cost reduction of running. In line with the mighty goal of turning Shanghai into an international shipping center, the dissertation is majored in Simulation Research on Joint Operation of Multiple Power-Generating Method in Marine Power Station, which is one of the key subject research projects of Education Commission of Shanghai. The joint operation of multiple power-generating method in marine power station can save energy and increase the economic benefit. Generally, there are three kinds of the power-generating methods: the power-generating method of independent heavy-oil diesel engine power unit, the power-generating method of shaft engine power unit and the power-generating method of turbine engine power unit. In the condition that the main engine is powerful and the steam boiler has abundant waste gas, the turbine generator brings about enough
energy without consuming any gas, therefore the shaft generator runs as the motor to help the main engine push the ship. But when the main engine has relatively little power and the energy supplied by turbine generator is insufficient, the shaft generator supplies the power to electric network to meet the needs of the electron devices. While suspending, power is offered by the diesel engine generator.
The simulation system on joint operation of multiple power-generating method in marine power station includes the OFF LINE mathematics simulation software and ON LINE mathematics-physical simulation software. Its main functions are teaching, examining and assessing the seamen and students so as to satisfy the domestic and international requirements of training crew. Substituting parts of crew's marine experience, it can train the modern senior engine managers efficiently and can also improve the students' practical competence and adaptability of facing changes, widen their adaptive capacity to automatic shipping system. The system is
beneficial to the society with the reality of training a new generation of crew who are master in electric and mechanic devices. This dissertation includes in several respects of research as follows:
Firstly, database. The simulating system of shipping power station adopts parameters to transmit data. When teaching, examining and assessing, it makes student workstation very difficult to obtain consistent data and to deal with the variable data. For example, when teaching, only one client terminal can control the main engine and monitor the station equipment while others can hardly acquire the operation performance of the controller and the power station. In addition, with the development of science and technology, the rapid improvement and the wide use of Internet technology, the simulation system of distributed power station based on WEB has become the hotspot in the simulation system. For these two respects are considered, we select Visual Basic> SQL Server and ADO technology to construct the database in order to make the communication data of the simulation system easier to manage and meet with the consistent data of client terminal, therefore the advanced simulation system of power station is easy to develop.
Secondly, embedded real-time system. System simulation program is complex and Centralized control on the physical equipment so that it unavoidably brings delay in operation, which results in bad real-time qualities and heavy burden of the main engine. In addition, the data line on the PC-LabCard can not be too long which limits the installation of the equipment. The whole system totally depends on PC-LabCard, so its dependability is bad. If it goes wrong, the whole system will crack down and can not carry on distributed control. So we adopt TMS320LF2407 DSP to construct the distributed simulation system of power station. The embedded real-time system makes the simulation equipment be capable of distributed control, perfect management, fine real-time qualities and high depe
引文
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6．刘和平，严利平等著．TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用，北京：北京航空航天出版社 2002．4
7．刘和平，王维俊等著．TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用，北京：北京航天航空出版社 2003．1
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13．王念旭等著．DSP基础与应用系统设计，北京：北京航天航空大学出版社 2001．8
14．韩安太，刘峙飞，黄海著．DSP控制器原理及其在运动控制系统中的应用，北京：清华大学出版社 2003．10
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23．柯男著．非常电路图设计，北京：中国铁道出版社 1999．7
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2．Rick Grehan，Robert Moote，Ingo Cyliax著．32位嵌入系统编程，北京：中国电力出版社 2001．3
3．Micbael Barr著．C／C++嵌入式系统编程，北京：中国电力出版社 2001．3
4．Kirk Zurell著．嵌入式系统的C程序设计，北京：机械工业出版社 2001．3
5．戴明桢．周建江著．TMS320C54x DSP结构、原理及应用，北京：北京航空航天出版社 2001．11
6．刘和平，严利平等著．TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用，北京：北京航空航天出版社 2002．4
7．刘和平，王维俊等著．TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用，北京：北京航天航空出版社 2003．1
8．清愿科技 著．TMS320LF240x DSP应用程序设计教程，北京：机械工业出版社 2003．7
9．江思敏等著．TMS320LF240x DSP硬件开发教程，北京：机械工业出版社 2003．6
10．张勇著．C／C++语言硬件程序设计，西安：西安电子科技大学出版社 2003．5
11．朱铭锆，赵勇，甘泉著．DSP应用系统设计，北京：电子工业出版社 2003．10
12．张雄伟，陈亮，徐光辉著DSP集成开发与应用实例，北京：电子工业出版社 2002．6
13．王念旭等著．DSP基础与应用系统设计，北京：北京航天航空大学出版社 2001．8
14．韩安太，刘峙飞，黄海著．DSP控制器原理及其在运动控制系统中的应用，北京：清华大学出版社 2003．10
15. http://www.ti.com/
16. http://www.wintechdigital,com.cn
17．吴金戌，沈庆阳，郭庭吉著．8051单片机实践与应用，北京：清华大学出版社 2002．9
18．李维堤，郭强著．液晶显示器件应用技术，北京：北京邮电学院 1993．6
19．吴寿民 朱敏学著．船舶柴油机，北京：国防工业出版社 1982．3
20．施亿生，谢绍惠著．船舶电站，北京：国防工业出版社 1981．5
21．吉雷著．Protel99从入门到精通，西安：西安电子科技大学出版社 2000．10
22．清源计算机工作室 著．Protel99仿真与PLD设计，北京：机械工业出版社 2000．8
23．柯男著．非常电路图设计，北京：中国铁道出版社 1999．7
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