基于参考站网的实时快速PPP研究
|
摘要
实时精密单点定位(Real-Time Precise Point Positioning, RT-PPP)技术是当前GPS导航定位领域的研究热点,也是未来在全球范围内实现实时高精度静态或动态定位的关键技术之一。PPP技术相对差分GPS技术在诸多方面具有优势：模型简单,可用观测值多,测站间的观测值不相关有利于质量控制,能直接得到高精度的ITRF测站坐标、接收机钟差和绝对的对流层延迟(Zenith Tropospheric Delay,ZTD),测站与测站之间无距离限制,计算量和耗时仅是测站数的线性增长等。PPP技术在大地测量、坐标框架维持、航空动态测量、低轨卫星精密定轨、大气研究、时问传递、灾害天气预报、海平面变化监测以及海啸预警等领域都有很广泛的应用前景。
对实时PPP技术而言,必须使用实时的精密卫星钟差,但目前IGS所提供的IGU预报钟差精度较低,不能满足实时PPP定位的厘米级精度要求,因此,实时卫星钟差的获取成了实现实时PPP技术的关键技术。此外,在常规PPP模型中,非差模糊度参数的非整数型致使其定位通常需要至少30分钟甚至更长的收敛时间才能获得厘米级的定位精度。当周跳、失锁和其它数据中断现象发生的时候,模糊度都必须重新进行初始化。可见,无论是初始化还是重新初始化都是实现快速PPP定位的主要限制。
目前,国内外许多国家、地区和组织已经部署了大小不等的全球或区域连续运行参考站网(比如CORS、IGS和EPN等)。CORS作为一种获取空间地理数据的现代测绘信息基础设施,能够提供连续、快速、可靠和高精度的动态定位和大气信息,已在测绘、天气预报、大气探测和交通导航等众多行业和领域得到非常广泛的应用。
本论文基于全球或区域连续运行参考站网,针对实时快速PPP技术存在的关键问题,重点研究了实时估计卫星钟差的方法、实时ZTD获取方法、暴雨前后实时ZTD及其增量的时间序列变化特点和区域增强的快速PPP定位。本文的主要成果和贡献如下：
1)研究了基于GPS参考站网的非差无电离层组合观测值和IGU预报轨道实时估计高精度卫星钟差的方法,并分析了测站数和观测数据量与卫星钟差估计精度、收敛速度和处理耗时之间的影响关系,这些关系对于保证钟差估计精度和快速解算具有一定的参考价值。
2)分析了水平梯度和映射函数对实时PPP-ZTD估计精度的影响。这些分析对提高和保证PPP-ZTD估计精度具有一定的实用价值和现实意义。
3)提出了一种基于区域参考站网的非差观测值和IGU预报轨道实时获取ZTD的新方法。基于该方法计算的非差ZTD与PPP-ZTD结果的精度相当,它们之间的平均偏差及其RMS分别优于5mm和6mm。
4)提出了一种将基于区域参考站网络获取的高精度PPP-ZTD时间序列用于暴雨短临预报的新方法。通过对暴雨来临前后PPP-ZTD时间序列变化特点的分析,揭示了其与后续降水量之间对应关系的规律,这种规律可为目前的短临预报系统提供有用的辅助参考信息,增加暴雨短临预报的能力。
5)提出了一种基于区域连续运行参考站网增强的快速PPP定位新算法。与其它研究方法的最大不同在于该算法采用星间历元间差分模型,消除模糊度和接收机钟差参数,得以实现快速PPP定位。
Currently, RT-PPP (Real-Time Precise Point Positioning) has been one of the key technologies to achieve real-time high-precision static or dynamic positioning globally in the future. PPP is better than DGPS (Differential GPS) in many aspects, because it has a simple observation model, have more available observations, have unrelated observations between stations which is conducive to quality control, can directly getting accurate ITRF station coordinates, receiver clock bias and absolute ZTD (Zenith Tropospheric Delay), has no distance limitations between the stations, and its time-consuming and computation is only a linear growth to the number of station. PPP have a very broad application prospects, which can be used for geodesy, reference frame maintenance, aviation dynamic measurement, precision orbit determination of LEO satellites, atmospheric research, time transfer, disaster weather forecasts, sea level changes monitoring, tsunami early warning and other fields.
Real-time PPP must use real-time precise satellite clock biases (SCBs). Although IGS (International GNSS Services) has provided the IGU (IGS Ultra-rapid) SCBs, it can't achieve the centimeter-level positioning accuracy in Real-time PPP because of the low prediction accuracy of SCBs. Therefore, the acquisition of real-time SCBs has become one of the key technologies to real-time PPP technology. In Conventional PPP model, the existence of non-integer un-differenced ambiguity parameters resulting in its positioning usually takes at least30minutes or longer convergence time to obtain centimeter-level positioning accuracy. When a cycle slip, loss of lock and other data disruption occurs, the ambiguity must be re-initialized. it can be seen, whether initialized or reinitialized are the major limitations of fast PPP.
At present, many foreign and domestic countries and regions have already deployed many different sizes of global or regional reference station networks, such as CORS, IGS and EPN. CORS is used as the modern survey information infrastructure to get geospatial data, which can provide continuous, fast, reliable and high-precision kinematic positioning and atmospheric information, have been widely used in surveying and mapping, weather forecasting, atmospheric detection, traffic navigation and many other fields.
The thesis focused on the existing problems of real-time rapid PPP technology based on the global or regional reference station networks, such as method of estimating real-time SCBs, the acquisition of real-time ZTD, the characteristics analysis of ZTD time series during the rainstorms and regional augemented rapid PPP. Main achievements and contributions are as follows:
1) A real-time estimation method of high-precision SCBs by using the IGU prediction orbit and undifferenced ionosphere-free observations combination of the GPS reference stations network was studied. The relationship between observation amounts and real-time SCBs estimation precision, convergence speed and process time-consuming was analyzed. These relationships have a certain reference value to ensure the SCBs' estimation accuracy and rapid solution.
2) The effects of horizontal gradient and three main mapping functions on the estimation accuracy of PPP-ZTD were comparative analyzed. Results have shown that adding the horizontal gradient correction term and using appropriate mapping functions are favorable to improve PPP-ZTD precision. These conclusions has a certain practical value and significance to ensure the estimation precision of PPP-ZTD.
3) A new approach for obtaining the real-time ZTD was proposed, which was based on the IGU prediction orbit and the undifference observation. The average deviations between the new real-time ZTD and IGS-ZTD are better than5mm, their RMSs are no more than6mm.
4) A new approach was proposed to access the real-time PPP-ZTD time series, which can be used for the short-term predictions of heavy rainfall, based on the regional CORS network and PPP technology. Experimental analysis disclosed that the ZTD time series had a good correlation with the intensity of subsequent precipitation. These phenomenons have a certain reference value and indicating role to the short-term prediction of rainstorms.
5) A new algorithm based on the augument of regional reference stations network was proposed to achieve the rapid PPP. Differ from other methods, this algorithm used the Satellite-Differenced Epoch-Differenced (SDED) technology, which can eliminate the receiver clock biases and ambiguities, avoiding the ambiguities convergence or fixed and achieving the rapid PPP.
对实时PPP技术而言,必须使用实时的精密卫星钟差,但目前IGS所提供的IGU预报钟差精度较低,不能满足实时PPP定位的厘米级精度要求,因此,实时卫星钟差的获取成了实现实时PPP技术的关键技术。此外,在常规PPP模型中,非差模糊度参数的非整数型致使其定位通常需要至少30分钟甚至更长的收敛时间才能获得厘米级的定位精度。当周跳、失锁和其它数据中断现象发生的时候,模糊度都必须重新进行初始化。可见,无论是初始化还是重新初始化都是实现快速PPP定位的主要限制。
目前,国内外许多国家、地区和组织已经部署了大小不等的全球或区域连续运行参考站网(比如CORS、IGS和EPN等)。CORS作为一种获取空间地理数据的现代测绘信息基础设施,能够提供连续、快速、可靠和高精度的动态定位和大气信息,已在测绘、天气预报、大气探测和交通导航等众多行业和领域得到非常广泛的应用。
本论文基于全球或区域连续运行参考站网,针对实时快速PPP技术存在的关键问题,重点研究了实时估计卫星钟差的方法、实时ZTD获取方法、暴雨前后实时ZTD及其增量的时间序列变化特点和区域增强的快速PPP定位。本文的主要成果和贡献如下：
1)研究了基于GPS参考站网的非差无电离层组合观测值和IGU预报轨道实时估计高精度卫星钟差的方法,并分析了测站数和观测数据量与卫星钟差估计精度、收敛速度和处理耗时之间的影响关系,这些关系对于保证钟差估计精度和快速解算具有一定的参考价值。
2)分析了水平梯度和映射函数对实时PPP-ZTD估计精度的影响。这些分析对提高和保证PPP-ZTD估计精度具有一定的实用价值和现实意义。
3)提出了一种基于区域参考站网的非差观测值和IGU预报轨道实时获取ZTD的新方法。基于该方法计算的非差ZTD与PPP-ZTD结果的精度相当,它们之间的平均偏差及其RMS分别优于5mm和6mm。
4)提出了一种将基于区域参考站网络获取的高精度PPP-ZTD时间序列用于暴雨短临预报的新方法。通过对暴雨来临前后PPP-ZTD时间序列变化特点的分析,揭示了其与后续降水量之间对应关系的规律,这种规律可为目前的短临预报系统提供有用的辅助参考信息,增加暴雨短临预报的能力。
5)提出了一种基于区域连续运行参考站网增强的快速PPP定位新算法。与其它研究方法的最大不同在于该算法采用星间历元间差分模型,消除模糊度和接收机钟差参数,得以实现快速PPP定位。
Currently, RT-PPP (Real-Time Precise Point Positioning) has been one of the key technologies to achieve real-time high-precision static or dynamic positioning globally in the future. PPP is better than DGPS (Differential GPS) in many aspects, because it has a simple observation model, have more available observations, have unrelated observations between stations which is conducive to quality control, can directly getting accurate ITRF station coordinates, receiver clock bias and absolute ZTD (Zenith Tropospheric Delay), has no distance limitations between the stations, and its time-consuming and computation is only a linear growth to the number of station. PPP have a very broad application prospects, which can be used for geodesy, reference frame maintenance, aviation dynamic measurement, precision orbit determination of LEO satellites, atmospheric research, time transfer, disaster weather forecasts, sea level changes monitoring, tsunami early warning and other fields.
Real-time PPP must use real-time precise satellite clock biases (SCBs). Although IGS (International GNSS Services) has provided the IGU (IGS Ultra-rapid) SCBs, it can't achieve the centimeter-level positioning accuracy in Real-time PPP because of the low prediction accuracy of SCBs. Therefore, the acquisition of real-time SCBs has become one of the key technologies to real-time PPP technology. In Conventional PPP model, the existence of non-integer un-differenced ambiguity parameters resulting in its positioning usually takes at least30minutes or longer convergence time to obtain centimeter-level positioning accuracy. When a cycle slip, loss of lock and other data disruption occurs, the ambiguity must be re-initialized. it can be seen, whether initialized or reinitialized are the major limitations of fast PPP.
At present, many foreign and domestic countries and regions have already deployed many different sizes of global or regional reference station networks, such as CORS, IGS and EPN. CORS is used as the modern survey information infrastructure to get geospatial data, which can provide continuous, fast, reliable and high-precision kinematic positioning and atmospheric information, have been widely used in surveying and mapping, weather forecasting, atmospheric detection, traffic navigation and many other fields.
The thesis focused on the existing problems of real-time rapid PPP technology based on the global or regional reference station networks, such as method of estimating real-time SCBs, the acquisition of real-time ZTD, the characteristics analysis of ZTD time series during the rainstorms and regional augemented rapid PPP. Main achievements and contributions are as follows:
1) A real-time estimation method of high-precision SCBs by using the IGU prediction orbit and undifferenced ionosphere-free observations combination of the GPS reference stations network was studied. The relationship between observation amounts and real-time SCBs estimation precision, convergence speed and process time-consuming was analyzed. These relationships have a certain reference value to ensure the SCBs' estimation accuracy and rapid solution.
2) The effects of horizontal gradient and three main mapping functions on the estimation accuracy of PPP-ZTD were comparative analyzed. Results have shown that adding the horizontal gradient correction term and using appropriate mapping functions are favorable to improve PPP-ZTD precision. These conclusions has a certain practical value and significance to ensure the estimation precision of PPP-ZTD.
3) A new approach for obtaining the real-time ZTD was proposed, which was based on the IGU prediction orbit and the undifference observation. The average deviations between the new real-time ZTD and IGS-ZTD are better than5mm, their RMSs are no more than6mm.
4) A new approach was proposed to access the real-time PPP-ZTD time series, which can be used for the short-term predictions of heavy rainfall, based on the regional CORS network and PPP technology. Experimental analysis disclosed that the ZTD time series had a good correlation with the intensity of subsequent precipitation. These phenomenons have a certain reference value and indicating role to the short-term prediction of rainstorms.
5) A new algorithm based on the augument of regional reference stations network was proposed to achieve the rapid PPP. Differ from other methods, this algorithm used the Satellite-Differenced Epoch-Differenced (SDED) technology, which can eliminate the receiver clock biases and ambiguities, avoiding the ambiguities convergence or fixed and achieving the rapid PPP.
引文
[1]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2005
[2]刘经南,陈俊勇,张燕平.广域差分GPS原理和方法[M].北京：测绘出版社,1999
[3]Abdel-salam M.A.-T. Precise Point Positioning Using Un-Differenced Code and Carrier Phase Observations [D]. Calgary,Alberta:University of Calgary, 2005
[4]Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Lichtenegger H., Collins J. GPS Theory and Practice[M].5th Edition ed. Wien, New York:Springer-Verlag,2001
[5]Landau H., Chen X., Klose S., Leandro R., Vollath U. Trimble's RTK and DGPS Solutions in Comparison with Precise Point Positioning[M]. Berlin: Springer,2008
[6]Zumberge J.F., Heflin M.B., Jefferson D.C., Watkins M.M., Webb F.H. Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B3): 5005-5017
[7]Zumberge J.F., Watkins M.M., Webb F.H. Characteristics and applications of precise GPS clock solutions every 30 seconds [J]. Navigation,1997,44(4): 449-456
[8]Kouba J., Heroux P. Precise Point Positioning Using IGS Orbit and Clock Products [J]. GPS Solutions,2001,5(2):12-28
[9]Gao Y., Shen X. Improving Ambiguity Convergence in Carrier Phase-Based Precise Point Positioning [C]. ION GPS 2001. Salt Lake City, UT,2001.
[10]肖根如,甘卫军,殷海涛.GIPSY软件的GPS数据处理策略及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4)：1508-1515
[11]Ruffini G., Kruse L.P., Rius A., Burki B., Cucurull L., Flores A. Estimation of tropospheric zenith delay and gradients over the Madrid area using GPS and WVR data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(4):447-450
[12]Huang C., Hu X.G, Chen Z.Y. Solution of regional GPS network using precise point positioning with undifferenced data [J]. Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics,2002,26(1):69-80
[13]Tetreault P., Kouba J., Heroux P., Legree P. CSRS-PPP:An internet service for GPS user access to the Canadian Spatial Reference frame [J]. Geomatica, 2005,59(1):17-28
[14]Ghoddousi-Fard R., Dare P. Online GPS processing services:an initial study [J]. GPS Solutions,2005,10(1):12-20
[15]Chen J., Ge M., Dousa J., Gendt G. Evaluation of EPOS-RT for Real-time Deformation Monitoring [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2009, 8(1):1-5
[16]Gao Y, Zhang Y, Chen K. Development of a Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning System and Road Test Results [C]. Proceedings of 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Fort Worth, TX, 2006.
[17]Gao Y, Wang M. Precise Point Positioning for Deformation Monitoring Using Post-Mission and Real-Time Precise Orbit and Clock Products [C]. EGU Conference. Vienna, Austria,2007.
[18]Gao Y., Chen K. Performance Analysis of Precise Point Positioning Using Rea-Time Orbit and Clock Products [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2004,3(1-2):95-100
[19]Gao Y., Abdel-Salam M., Chen K., Wojciechowski A., Point real-time kinematic positioning [M]//F. Sanso. A Window on the Future of Geodesy. Berlin:Springer,2005:77-82
[20]Bisnath S., Gao Y. Current State of Precise Point Positioning and Future Prospects and Limitations [C]. IUGG 24th General Assembly. Perugia, Italy, 2007.
[21]Cai C., Gao Y. Precise Point Positioning Using Combined GPS and GLONASS Observations [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2007, 6(1):13-22
[22]Gao Y. PPP Research Progress at U of C [C]. GEOIDE PPP WORKSHOP. Niagara Fall, Ontario, Canada,2008.29
[23]Hugentobler U., Schaer S., Fridez P. Bernese GPS Software Version 4.2[M]. Berne, Switzerland:Astronomical Institute, University of Berne,2001
[24]Group W.P. Airborne Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in GrafNav 7.80 with Comparisons to Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS) Solutions[EB/OL]. http://www.novatel.com/products/waypoint_pps.htm
[25]Ovstedal O., Kjorsvik N.S., Gjevestad J.G.O. Surveying using GPS Precise Point Positioning [C]. XXIII FIG Congress GNSS Processing and Applications. Munich, Germany,2006.
[26]Kj(?)rsvik N.S., Br(?)ste E. Using TerraPOS for efficient and accurate marine positioning[EB/OL]. http://www.terratec.no/doc/terrapos-whitepaper-2009.pdf
[27]Kj(?)rsvika N.S., Gjevestadb J.G.O., Br(?)stea E., Gadec K., Hagen O.-K. Tightly Coupled Precise Point Positioning and Inertial Navigation Systems [C]. International Calibration and Orientation Workshop, EuroCOW 2010. Castelldefels, Spain,2010.
[28]张小红,鄂栋臣.用PPP技术确定南极Amery冰架的三维运动速度[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2005,30(10)：909-913
[29]张小红.动态精度单点定位(PPP)的精度分析[J].全球定位系统,2006(1)：7-10
[30]施闯,赵齐乐,楼益栋,李敏,耿江辉,葛茂荣,刘经南.卫星导航系统综合分析处理软件PANDA及研究进展[J].航天器工程,2009(4)：64-70
[31]Chen W., Hu C., Ji S., Ding X., Chen Y. Zenith tropospheric delay estimation with kinematic GPS precise point positioning [C]. International Symposium on GPS/GNSS. Hong Kong,2005.
[32]Hu C., Chen W., Gao S., Chen Y, Ding X. Data Processing For GPS Precise Point Positioning [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics,2005,22(2):124-131
[33]Muellerschoen R.J., Bertiger W.I., Lough M.F. Results of an Internet-Based Dual-Frequency Global Differential GPS System [C]. Proceedings of the IAIN World Congress and the 56th Annual Meeting of The Institute of Navigation. San Diego, CA,2000.796-802
[34]Muellerschoen R.J., Bertiger W.I., Lough M., Stowers D., Dong D. An Internet-Based Global Differential GPS System, Initial Results [C]. Proceedings of the ION National Technincal Meeting. Anaheim, CA,2000. 220-225
[35]Ray J. [IGSMAIL-6053]:status of IGS orbit products [EB/OL]. http://igs.org/mail/igsmail/2010/msg00001.html
[36]Ray J., Griffiths J. Status of IGS Ultra-Rapid Products for Real-Time Applications [C].2008 AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco,2008.
[37]王潜心,李黎,龚佑兴.GPS卫星钟的特性与预报研究[J].测绘科学,2010,35(2)：36-39
[38]Zheng Z., Chen Y., Yi Z. A Study on the Prediction of GPS Satellite Clock Bias with IGS Ultra-rapid Products-Preliminary Results [C]. FIG Working Week. Hong Kong, China,2007.
[39]Senior K., Ray J., Beard R. Characterization of periodic variations in the GPS satellite clocks [J]. GPS Solutions,2008,12(3):211-225
[40]朱祥维,肖华,雍少为,庄钊文.卫星钟差预报的Kalman算法及其性能分析[J].宇航学报,2008,29(3)：966-970
[41]张小红,李星星,郭斐,李盼,王磊.基于服务系统的实时精密单点定位技术及应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6)：1308-1314
[42]张小红,李盼,李星星,郭斐.基于非差与历元差分两种模型估计精密卫星钟差的比较与分析[EB/OL].http://www.paper.edu.cn/index.php/default/releasepaper/downPaper/200908-2 37
[43]易重海.一种基于IGS超快星历的区域性实时精密单点定位方法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(2)：226-231
[44]施闯,楼益栋,宋伟伟,蔡华.广域实时精密定位原型系统及初步结果[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(11)：1271-1274
[45]楼益栋,施闯,周小青,叶世榕.GPS精密卫星钟差估计与分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(1)：88-91
[46]李黎,匡翠林,朱建军,陈永奇.基于IGU预报轨道实时估计精密卫星钟差[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(2)：111-116
[47]蔡华,赵齐乐,楼益栋.精密卫星钟差确定系统的实现与精度分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(11):1293-1296
[48]Bock H., Dach R., Yoon Y, Montenbruck O. GPS clock correction estimation for near real-time orbit determination applications [J]. Aerospace Science and Technology,2009,13(7):415-422
[49]Hauschild A., Montenbruck O. Kalman-filter-based GPS clock estimation for near real-time positioning [J]. GPS Solutions,2009,13(3):173-182
[50]Li H.J., Wang J.X., Chen J.P., Hu C.W., Wang H. The realization and analysis of GNSS network based real-time precise point positioning [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition,2010,53(6):1302-1307
[51]Ye S., Liu J. An Approach for Implementing Distributed Real Time GPS Precise Point Positioning [C]. International Symposium on GPS/GNSS 2005. Hong Kong,2005.
[52]Zhang X., Li X., Guo F. Satellite clock estimation at 1 Hz for realtime kinematic PPP applications [J]. GPS Solutions,2010
[53]Chen K. Real-Time Precise Point Positioning and Its Potential Applications [C]. ION GNSS 17th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division,. Long Beach, CA,2004.
[54]Kechine M.O., Tiberius C.C.J.M., Marel H.v.d. An experimental performance analysis of real-time kinematic positioning with NASA's Internet-Based Global Differential GPS [J]. GPS Solutions,2003,8(1):9-22
[55]Bar-Sever Y., Bell B., Dorsey A., Srinivasan J. Space Applications of the NASA Global Differential GPS System [C]. Institute of Navigation. Portland, Oregon, USA,2003.
[56]Chen K., Gao Y. Real-time precise point positioning using single frequency data [C]. Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. Long Beach, CA, United States,2005.1514-1523
[57]Agrotis L., Dow J., Martinez C.G., Ballereau A., Alfaro P. Real Time GNSS Processing at ESOC:Infrastructure and Initial Results [C]. IGS Workshop 2008. Miami, Florida, USA,2008.
[58]Collins P., Lahaye F., Kouba J., Heroux P. Real-Time WADGPS Corrections from Undifferenced Carrier Phase [C]. ION-NTM-2001. Long Beach, California.,2001.
[59]Heroux P., Gao Y., Kouba J., Lahaye F., Mireault Y., Collins P., Macleod K., Tetreault P., Chen K. Products and Applications for Precise Point Positioning-Moving Towards Real-Time [C]. ION GNSS 2004. Long Beach, CA, United States,2004.1832-1843
[60]Chen K. Real-Time Precise Point Positioning,Timing and Atmospheric Sensing [D]. Calgary, Alberta,Canada:University of Calgary,2005
[61]Dixon K. StarFireTM:A Global SBAS for Sub-Decimeter Precise Point Positioning [C]. ION GNSS 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Fort Worth, TX,2006.
[62]熊刚,束焕然,廖七一,王小,李兰清STARFIRETM-RTG星基差分实时精密单点定位原理、测试与应用[J].GNSS World of China,2006, 2006(5):32-37
[63]Scott L. Real-Time Precise Orbit & Clock Determination-High Precision, Real-Time GNSS Precise Point Positioning[M]. Berkshire, UK:Thales Research and Technology (UK) Limited,2005
[64]叶世榕.GPS非差相位精密单点定位理论与实现[D].武汉：武汉大学,2002
[65]耿涛,赵齐乐,刘经南,杜瑞林.基于PANDA软件的实时精密单点定位研究 [J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2007,32(4)：312-315
[66]李浩军.实时精密单点定位及其相关理论研究[D].上海：同济大学,2010
[67]李浩军,王解先,李博峰,王虎.基于GNSS网络的卫星精密钟差估计及结果分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(8)：1001-1003
[68]李浩军,王解先,陈俊平,胡丛玮,王虎.基于GNSS网络的实时精密单点定位及精度分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6)：1302-1307
[69]Li H., Chen J., Wang J., Hu C., Liu Z. Network based Real-time Precise Point Positioning [J]. Advances in Space Research,2010,46(9):1218-1224
[70]楼益栋.导航卫星实时精密轨道与钟差确定[D].武汉：武汉大学,2008
[71]易重海.实时精密单点定位理论与应用研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2011
[72]聂建亮.GPS精密单点定位算法及故障诊断研究[D].西安：长安大学,2010
[73]匡翠林.利用GPS非差数据精密确定低轨卫星轨道的理论及方法研究[D].武汉：武汉大学,2008
[74]蔡昌盛GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位理论与方法[D].徐州：中国矿业大学,2008
[75]Ge M., Gendt G., Rothacher M., Shi C., Liu J. Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2008,82(7):389-399
[76]Ge M., Zou X., Dick G., Jiang W.W.J., Liu J. An alternative Network RTK approach based on undifferenced observation corrections [C]. ION GNSS 2010. Portland, Oregon,2010.
[77]Geng J., Meng X., Dodson A., Teferle F. Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning:method comparison [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2010: 1-13
[78]Geng J., Meng X., Dodson A.H., Ge M., Teferle F.N. Rapid re-convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in precise point positioning [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2010,84(12):705-714
[79]Geng J., Teferle F.N., Meng X., Dodson A.H. Towards PPP-RTK:Ambiguity Resolution in Real-Time Precise Point Positioning [J]. Advances in Space Research,2010,47(10):1664-1673
[80]Geng J., Teferle F.N., Shi C., Meng X., Dodson A.H., Liu J. Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data [J]. GPS Solutions, 2009,13(4):263-270
[81]Li H., Wang J., Chen J., Hu C. The research on the rapid static precise point positioning based on ridged estimation [J]. Acta Astronomica Sinica,2009, 50(4):438-444
[82]Li X., Zhang X., Ge M. Regional reference network augmented precise point positioning for instantaneous ambiguity resolution [J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2011,85(3):151-158
[83]Zhang X., Li X. Instantaneous re-initialization in real-time kinematic PPP with cycle slip fixing [J]. GPS Solutions,2011
[84]Gabor M.J., Nerem R.S. GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution using satellite-satellite single difference [C]. Proceedings of ION GNSS 12th international technical meeting of the Satellite Division. Nashville, US,1999. 1569-1578
[85]张小红,李星星.非差模糊度整数固定解PPP新方法及实验[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2010,35(6)：657-660
[86]Laurichesse D., Mercier F., Berthias J.P. Real Time Precise GPS Constellation Orbits and Clocks Estimation using Zero-difference Integer Ambiguity Fixing [C]. Proceedings of the 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation-ITM 2009. Anaheim, CA,2009.664-672
[87]Collins P. Isolating and Estimating Undifferenced GPS Integer Ambiguities [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation-Ntm 2008,2008:720-732
[88]Mervart L., Zdenek L., Rocken C., Iwabuchi T. Precise Point Positioning with ambiguity resolution in real-time [C]. ION GNSS. GPS Solutions Inc., Boulder CO, USA,2008.397-405
[89]Gao Y., Shen X. A new method for carrier-phase-based precise point positioning [J]. Navigation,2002,49(2):109-116
[90]Bisnath S.B., Langley R.B. Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbiters with GPS Point Positioning [C]. Proceeding of ION National Technical Meeting. Long Beach, CA,2001.725-733
[91]Bock H., Beutler G., Hugentobler U. Kinematic orbit determination for Low Earth Orbiters (LEOs) [J]. Vistas for Geodesy in the New Millennium,2002, 125:303-308
[92]周忠谟.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].北京：测绘出版社,2003
[93]王解先.GPS精密定位与定轨[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1997
[94]McCarthy D.D., Petit G. IERS Conventions (2003)[M]. Frankfurt am Main: IERS Convention Centre,2004
[95]Kouba J. A guide to using International GNSS Service (IGS) products[EB/OL]. http://acc.igs.org/UsingIGSProductsVer21.pdf
[96]Bar-Sever Y.E., Kroger P.M., Borjesson J.A. Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(B3):5019-5035
[97]Bisnath S.B., Langley R.B., CHAMP orbit determination with GPS phase-connected precise point positioning [M]//C. Reigber, H. Luhr, and P. Schwintzer. First Champ Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies. Berlin:Springer-Verlag Berlin,2003:59-64
[98]Bock H., Hugentobler U., Springer T.A., Beutler G., Efficient precise orbit determination of LEO satellites using GPS [M]//New Trends in Space Geodesy. Oxford:Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd,2002:295-300
[99]Blewitt G. An Automatic Editing Algorithm for GPS Data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1990,17(3):199-202
[100]Kouba J., Heroux P. GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products [J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part a-Solid Earth and Geodesy,2001, 26(6-8):573-578
[101]Kouba J. A Guide to Using International GPS Service (IGS) Products[EB/OL]. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/resource/pubs/GuidetoUsingIGSProducts.pdf.
[102]Chen W., Hu C., Li Z., Chen Y, Ding X., Gao S., Ji S. Kinematic GPS Precise Point Positioning for Sea Level Monitoring with GPS Buoy [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2004,3(1-2):302-307
[103]Heroux P., Kouba J. GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products [J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part a-Solid Earth and Geodesy,2001, 26(6-8):573-578
[104]Wu J.T., Wu S.C., Hajj G.A., Bertiger W.I., Lichten S.M. Effects of antenna orientation on GPS carrier phase [J]. Manuscripta Geodaetica,1993,18(2): 91-98
[105]Tao W. Near Real-time GPS PPP-inferred Water Vapor System Development and Evaluation [D]. Calgary, Alberta,Canada:University of Calgary,2008
[106]Braun J.J. Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor with the Global Positioning System [D]. Colorado, America:University of Colorado,2004
[107]Bevis M., Businger S., Herring T.A., Rocken C., Anthes R.A., Ware A.R.H. GPS Meteorology:Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using the Global Positioning System [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1992, 97(D14):15,787-15,801
[108]Boehm J., Cerveira P.J.M., Schuh H., Tregoning P. The impact of tropospheric mapping functions based on numerical weather models on the determination of geodetic parameters[EB/OL]. http://rses.anu.edu.au/geodynamics/tregoning/29.pdf
[109]Boehm J., Kouba J., Schuh H. Forecast Vienna Mapping Functions 1 for real-time analysis of space geodetic observations [J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2008,83(5):397-401
[110]Boehm J., Niell A., Tregoning P., Schuh H. Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on data from numerical weather model data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(7): L07304.1-L07304.4
[111]Boehm J., Schuh H. Vienna mapping functions in VLBI analyses [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(L01603)
[112]Boehm J., Werl B., Schuh H. Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and VLBI from ECMWF operational analysis data [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2006
[113]Kouba J. Implementation and testing of the gridded Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1) [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2008,82(4-5):193-205
[114]Niell A.E. Global mapping functions for the atmosphere delay at radio wavelengths [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(b2):3227-3246
[115]Niell A.E. Improved atmospheric mapping functions for VLBI and GPS [J]. Earth, Planets Space,2000,52(10):699-702
[116]Saha K., Suresh Raju C., Parameswaran K. A new hydrostatic mapping function for tropospheric delay estimation [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2010,72(1):125-134
[117]Steigenberger P., Boehm J., Tesmer V. Comparison of GMF/GPT with VMF1/ECMWF and implications for atmospheric loading [J]. Journal of Geodesy 2009,2009(83):943-951
[118]Zhang Y., Gao Y. Influence Analysis of Tropospheric Model and Mapping Function on Precise Tropospheric Delay Estimation Using PPP [C]. ION GNSS 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Fort Worth, TX,2006.1884-1890
[119]Dach R., Hugentobler U., Fridez P., Meindl M. User manual of the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0[M]. Berne:Astronomical Institute, University of Berne,2007
[120]NGDC. Definition of the Ionospheric Regions (Structures) [EB/OL]. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/ionostru.html
[121]Hoque M.M., Jakowski N. Higher order ionospheric effects in precise GNSS positioning [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2006,81(4):259-268
[122]戴吾蛟.GPS精密动态变形监测的数据处理理论与方法研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2007
[123]Zumberge J.F. Automated GPS Data Analysis Service [J]. GPS Solutions, 1999,2(3):76-78
[124]Fraser D., Potter J. The optimum linear smoother as a combination of two optimum linear filters [C]. Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,1969.387-390
[125]Gelb A., Joseph F. Kasper J., Raymond A. Nash J., Price C.F., Arthur A. Sutherland J. Applied Optimal Estimation[M]. Carnbride,Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press,1974
[126]Sedlak J. Comparison of Kalman filter and optimal smoother estimates of spacecraft attitude [EB/OL]. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940031131_199403113 l.pdf
[127]Takasu T., Kasai S. Precise Orbit Determination of GPS Satellites using Carrier Phase Measurements [C]. The 15th Workshop on JAXA Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics. Japan,2005.378-383
[128]Matsumoto K., Takanezawa T., Ooe M. Ocean Tide Models Developed by Assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data into Hydrodynamical Model:A Global Model and a Regional Model Around Japan [J]. Journal of Oceanography,2000,56(5):567-581
[129]Welch G., Bishop G. An introduction to the Kalman filter[EB/OL]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.79.6578&rep=rep1 &type=pdf
[130]杨元喜.自适应动态导航定位[M].北京：测绘出版社,2006
[131]Takasu T., Kasai S. Development and evaluation of GPS satellite orbit and clock near-realtime estimation algorithm [C]. The 15th Workshop on JAXA Astro Dynamics and Flight Mechanics. Japan,2005.
[132]陈永奇,刘焱雄,王晓亚,李品华.香港实时GPS水汽监测系统的若干关键技术[J].测绘学报,2007,36(1)：9-12
[133]丁金才.GPS气象学及其应用[M].北京：气象出版社,2009
[134]王勇,柳林涛,郝晓光,丁克良.准实时地基GPS可降水量的解算方案与可靠性研究[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(2)：177-181
[135]叶世榕,张双成,刘经南.精密单点定位方法估计对流层延迟精度分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(8)：788-791
[136]李黎,匡翠林,朱建军,陈永奇.水平梯度和映射函数对对流层延迟估计精度的影响分析[J].工程勘察,2011(5)：52-57
[137]Dousa J. The impact of errors in predicted GPS orbits on zenith troposphere delay estimation [J]. GPS Solutions,2010,14(3):229-239
[138]Flores A., Escudero A., Sedo M.J., Rius A. A near real time system for tropospheric monitoring using IGS hourly data [J]. Earth Planets and Space, 2000,52(10):681-684
[139]Gendt G., Dick G, Reigber C., Tomassini M., Liu Y., Ramatschi M. Demonstration of NRT GPS water vapor monitoring for numerical weather prediction in Germany [C]. International Workshop on GPS Meteorology, 2003.
[140]Shoji Y. A study of near real-time water vapor analysis using a nationwide dense GPS network of Japan [J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2009,87(1):1-18
[141]香港地政总署测绘处.香港卫星定位参考站网(SatRef)[EB/OL]. http://www.geodetic.gov.hk/smo/gsi/programs/en/GSS/satref/satref.htm
[142]Byun S.H., Bar-Sever Y.E. A new type of troposphere zenith path delay product of the international GNSS service [J]. Journal of Geodesy 2009, 83(3-4):367-373
[143]Chen G., Herring T.A. Effects of atmospheric azimuthal asymmerty on the analysis of space geodetic data [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997, 102(B9):20489-20502
[144]姜卫平,邹璇.精密GPS定位中大气模型误差的研究与分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(11)：1106-1109
[145]张双成,叶世榕,刘经南,李冲.动态映射函数最新进展及其在GNSS遥感水汽中的应用研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(3)：280-283
[146]宋淑丽,朱文耀,廖新浩.地基GPS气象学研究的主要问题及最新进展[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(2)：250-259
[147]王勇,焦健,曾琪明,刘严萍.基于不同地形的GPS对流层延迟插值方法研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3)：132-136
[148]岳迎春,潘雄,明祖涛,俞艳.提高对流层天顶总延迟解算精度的新方法探讨[J].测绘科学,2009,34(6)：178-179
[149]马晨旭,许才军,张琼,茅盛.引入变差函数的反距离加权法及应用研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(1)：83-87
[150]Chiang K.W., Peng W.C., Yeh Y.H., Chen K.H. Study of Alternative GPS Network Meteorological Sensors in Taiwan:Case Studies of the Plum Rains and Typhoon Sinlaku [J]. Sensors,2009,9(6):5001-5021
[151]Rocken C., Hove T.V., Johnson J., Solheim F., Ware R., Bevis M., Chiswell S., Businger S. GPS/STORM-GPS Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor for Meteorology [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1995,12: 468-478
[152]宋淑丽.地基GPS网对水汽三维分布的监测及其在气象学中的应用[D].上海：中国科学院,2004
[153]Kwon H.-T., Jung E.-H., Lim G.-H. A comparison of GPS-and NWP-derived PW data over the Korean Peninsula [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2010,27(4):871-882
[154]香港天文台.重要热带气旋回顾-201004W(CHANTHU)Profile[EB/OL]. http://david.sam-siu.com/weather/2010/review/review201004w.html
[155]Banville S., Langley R.B. Instantaneous cycle-slip correction for real-time PPP applications [J]. Navigation,2010,57(4):325-334
[156]Han S.-C., Kwon J.H., Jekeli C. Accurate absolute GPS positioning through satellite clock error estimation [J]. Journal of Geodesy 2001,75(1):33-43
[157]Saastamoinen, Atmospheric correction for the troposphere and stratosphere in radio ranging of satellites [M]//S. Henriksen, A. Mancini, and B. Chovitz. The use of artificial satellites for geodesy. Washington:AGU,1972:247-251
[158]Jensen A.B.O., Ovstedal O. The effect of different tropospheric models on precise point positioning in kinematic mode [J]. Survey Review,2008, 40(308):173-187
[2]刘经南,陈俊勇,张燕平.广域差分GPS原理和方法[M].北京：测绘出版社,1999
[3]Abdel-salam M.A.-T. Precise Point Positioning Using Un-Differenced Code and Carrier Phase Observations [D]. Calgary,Alberta:University of Calgary, 2005
[4]Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Lichtenegger H., Collins J. GPS Theory and Practice[M].5th Edition ed. Wien, New York:Springer-Verlag,2001
[5]Landau H., Chen X., Klose S., Leandro R., Vollath U. Trimble's RTK and DGPS Solutions in Comparison with Precise Point Positioning[M]. Berlin: Springer,2008
[6]Zumberge J.F., Heflin M.B., Jefferson D.C., Watkins M.M., Webb F.H. Precise point positioning for the efficient and robust analysis of GPS data from large networks [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B3): 5005-5017
[7]Zumberge J.F., Watkins M.M., Webb F.H. Characteristics and applications of precise GPS clock solutions every 30 seconds [J]. Navigation,1997,44(4): 449-456
[8]Kouba J., Heroux P. Precise Point Positioning Using IGS Orbit and Clock Products [J]. GPS Solutions,2001,5(2):12-28
[9]Gao Y., Shen X. Improving Ambiguity Convergence in Carrier Phase-Based Precise Point Positioning [C]. ION GPS 2001. Salt Lake City, UT,2001.
[10]肖根如,甘卫军,殷海涛.GIPSY软件的GPS数据处理策略及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4)：1508-1515
[11]Ruffini G., Kruse L.P., Rius A., Burki B., Cucurull L., Flores A. Estimation of tropospheric zenith delay and gradients over the Madrid area using GPS and WVR data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1999,26(4):447-450
[12]Huang C., Hu X.G, Chen Z.Y. Solution of regional GPS network using precise point positioning with undifferenced data [J]. Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics,2002,26(1):69-80
[13]Tetreault P., Kouba J., Heroux P., Legree P. CSRS-PPP:An internet service for GPS user access to the Canadian Spatial Reference frame [J]. Geomatica, 2005,59(1):17-28
[14]Ghoddousi-Fard R., Dare P. Online GPS processing services:an initial study [J]. GPS Solutions,2005,10(1):12-20
[15]Chen J., Ge M., Dousa J., Gendt G. Evaluation of EPOS-RT for Real-time Deformation Monitoring [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2009, 8(1):1-5
[16]Gao Y, Zhang Y, Chen K. Development of a Real-Time Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning System and Road Test Results [C]. Proceedings of 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Fort Worth, TX, 2006.
[17]Gao Y, Wang M. Precise Point Positioning for Deformation Monitoring Using Post-Mission and Real-Time Precise Orbit and Clock Products [C]. EGU Conference. Vienna, Austria,2007.
[18]Gao Y., Chen K. Performance Analysis of Precise Point Positioning Using Rea-Time Orbit and Clock Products [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2004,3(1-2):95-100
[19]Gao Y., Abdel-Salam M., Chen K., Wojciechowski A., Point real-time kinematic positioning [M]//F. Sanso. A Window on the Future of Geodesy. Berlin:Springer,2005:77-82
[20]Bisnath S., Gao Y. Current State of Precise Point Positioning and Future Prospects and Limitations [C]. IUGG 24th General Assembly. Perugia, Italy, 2007.
[21]Cai C., Gao Y. Precise Point Positioning Using Combined GPS and GLONASS Observations [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2007, 6(1):13-22
[22]Gao Y. PPP Research Progress at U of C [C]. GEOIDE PPP WORKSHOP. Niagara Fall, Ontario, Canada,2008.29
[23]Hugentobler U., Schaer S., Fridez P. Bernese GPS Software Version 4.2[M]. Berne, Switzerland:Astronomical Institute, University of Berne,2001
[24]Group W.P. Airborne Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in GrafNav 7.80 with Comparisons to Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS) Solutions[EB/OL]. http://www.novatel.com/products/waypoint_pps.htm
[25]Ovstedal O., Kjorsvik N.S., Gjevestad J.G.O. Surveying using GPS Precise Point Positioning [C]. XXIII FIG Congress GNSS Processing and Applications. Munich, Germany,2006.
[26]Kj(?)rsvik N.S., Br(?)ste E. Using TerraPOS for efficient and accurate marine positioning[EB/OL]. http://www.terratec.no/doc/terrapos-whitepaper-2009.pdf
[27]Kj(?)rsvika N.S., Gjevestadb J.G.O., Br(?)stea E., Gadec K., Hagen O.-K. Tightly Coupled Precise Point Positioning and Inertial Navigation Systems [C]. International Calibration and Orientation Workshop, EuroCOW 2010. Castelldefels, Spain,2010.
[28]张小红,鄂栋臣.用PPP技术确定南极Amery冰架的三维运动速度[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2005,30(10)：909-913
[29]张小红.动态精度单点定位(PPP)的精度分析[J].全球定位系统,2006(1)：7-10
[30]施闯,赵齐乐,楼益栋,李敏,耿江辉,葛茂荣,刘经南.卫星导航系统综合分析处理软件PANDA及研究进展[J].航天器工程,2009(4)：64-70
[31]Chen W., Hu C., Ji S., Ding X., Chen Y. Zenith tropospheric delay estimation with kinematic GPS precise point positioning [C]. International Symposium on GPS/GNSS. Hong Kong,2005.
[32]Hu C., Chen W., Gao S., Chen Y, Ding X. Data Processing For GPS Precise Point Positioning [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics,2005,22(2):124-131
[33]Muellerschoen R.J., Bertiger W.I., Lough M.F. Results of an Internet-Based Dual-Frequency Global Differential GPS System [C]. Proceedings of the IAIN World Congress and the 56th Annual Meeting of The Institute of Navigation. San Diego, CA,2000.796-802
[34]Muellerschoen R.J., Bertiger W.I., Lough M., Stowers D., Dong D. An Internet-Based Global Differential GPS System, Initial Results [C]. Proceedings of the ION National Technincal Meeting. Anaheim, CA,2000. 220-225
[35]Ray J. [IGSMAIL-6053]:status of IGS orbit products [EB/OL]. http://igs.org/mail/igsmail/2010/msg00001.html
[36]Ray J., Griffiths J. Status of IGS Ultra-Rapid Products for Real-Time Applications [C].2008 AGU Fall Meeting. San Francisco,2008.
[37]王潜心,李黎,龚佑兴.GPS卫星钟的特性与预报研究[J].测绘科学,2010,35(2)：36-39
[38]Zheng Z., Chen Y., Yi Z. A Study on the Prediction of GPS Satellite Clock Bias with IGS Ultra-rapid Products-Preliminary Results [C]. FIG Working Week. Hong Kong, China,2007.
[39]Senior K., Ray J., Beard R. Characterization of periodic variations in the GPS satellite clocks [J]. GPS Solutions,2008,12(3):211-225
[40]朱祥维,肖华,雍少为,庄钊文.卫星钟差预报的Kalman算法及其性能分析[J].宇航学报,2008,29(3)：966-970
[41]张小红,李星星,郭斐,李盼,王磊.基于服务系统的实时精密单点定位技术及应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6)：1308-1314
[42]张小红,李盼,李星星,郭斐.基于非差与历元差分两种模型估计精密卫星钟差的比较与分析[EB/OL].http://www.paper.edu.cn/index.php/default/releasepaper/downPaper/200908-2 37
[43]易重海.一种基于IGS超快星历的区域性实时精密单点定位方法[J].测绘学报,2011,40(2)：226-231
[44]施闯,楼益栋,宋伟伟,蔡华.广域实时精密定位原型系统及初步结果[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(11)：1271-1274
[45]楼益栋,施闯,周小青,叶世榕.GPS精密卫星钟差估计与分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(1)：88-91
[46]李黎,匡翠林,朱建军,陈永奇.基于IGU预报轨道实时估计精密卫星钟差[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(2)：111-116
[47]蔡华,赵齐乐,楼益栋.精密卫星钟差确定系统的实现与精度分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(11):1293-1296
[48]Bock H., Dach R., Yoon Y, Montenbruck O. GPS clock correction estimation for near real-time orbit determination applications [J]. Aerospace Science and Technology,2009,13(7):415-422
[49]Hauschild A., Montenbruck O. Kalman-filter-based GPS clock estimation for near real-time positioning [J]. GPS Solutions,2009,13(3):173-182
[50]Li H.J., Wang J.X., Chen J.P., Hu C.W., Wang H. The realization and analysis of GNSS network based real-time precise point positioning [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics-Chinese Edition,2010,53(6):1302-1307
[51]Ye S., Liu J. An Approach for Implementing Distributed Real Time GPS Precise Point Positioning [C]. International Symposium on GPS/GNSS 2005. Hong Kong,2005.
[52]Zhang X., Li X., Guo F. Satellite clock estimation at 1 Hz for realtime kinematic PPP applications [J]. GPS Solutions,2010
[53]Chen K. Real-Time Precise Point Positioning and Its Potential Applications [C]. ION GNSS 17th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division,. Long Beach, CA,2004.
[54]Kechine M.O., Tiberius C.C.J.M., Marel H.v.d. An experimental performance analysis of real-time kinematic positioning with NASA's Internet-Based Global Differential GPS [J]. GPS Solutions,2003,8(1):9-22
[55]Bar-Sever Y., Bell B., Dorsey A., Srinivasan J. Space Applications of the NASA Global Differential GPS System [C]. Institute of Navigation. Portland, Oregon, USA,2003.
[56]Chen K., Gao Y. Real-time precise point positioning using single frequency data [C]. Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation. Long Beach, CA, United States,2005.1514-1523
[57]Agrotis L., Dow J., Martinez C.G., Ballereau A., Alfaro P. Real Time GNSS Processing at ESOC:Infrastructure and Initial Results [C]. IGS Workshop 2008. Miami, Florida, USA,2008.
[58]Collins P., Lahaye F., Kouba J., Heroux P. Real-Time WADGPS Corrections from Undifferenced Carrier Phase [C]. ION-NTM-2001. Long Beach, California.,2001.
[59]Heroux P., Gao Y., Kouba J., Lahaye F., Mireault Y., Collins P., Macleod K., Tetreault P., Chen K. Products and Applications for Precise Point Positioning-Moving Towards Real-Time [C]. ION GNSS 2004. Long Beach, CA, United States,2004.1832-1843
[60]Chen K. Real-Time Precise Point Positioning,Timing and Atmospheric Sensing [D]. Calgary, Alberta,Canada:University of Calgary,2005
[61]Dixon K. StarFireTM:A Global SBAS for Sub-Decimeter Precise Point Positioning [C]. ION GNSS 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Fort Worth, TX,2006.
[62]熊刚,束焕然,廖七一,王小,李兰清STARFIRETM-RTG星基差分实时精密单点定位原理、测试与应用[J].GNSS World of China,2006, 2006(5):32-37
[63]Scott L. Real-Time Precise Orbit & Clock Determination-High Precision, Real-Time GNSS Precise Point Positioning[M]. Berkshire, UK:Thales Research and Technology (UK) Limited,2005
[64]叶世榕.GPS非差相位精密单点定位理论与实现[D].武汉：武汉大学,2002
[65]耿涛,赵齐乐,刘经南,杜瑞林.基于PANDA软件的实时精密单点定位研究 [J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2007,32(4)：312-315
[66]李浩军.实时精密单点定位及其相关理论研究[D].上海：同济大学,2010
[67]李浩军,王解先,李博峰,王虎.基于GNSS网络的卫星精密钟差估计及结果分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(8)：1001-1003
[68]李浩军,王解先,陈俊平,胡丛玮,王虎.基于GNSS网络的实时精密单点定位及精度分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6)：1302-1307
[69]Li H., Chen J., Wang J., Hu C., Liu Z. Network based Real-time Precise Point Positioning [J]. Advances in Space Research,2010,46(9):1218-1224
[70]楼益栋.导航卫星实时精密轨道与钟差确定[D].武汉：武汉大学,2008
[71]易重海.实时精密单点定位理论与应用研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2011
[72]聂建亮.GPS精密单点定位算法及故障诊断研究[D].西安：长安大学,2010
[73]匡翠林.利用GPS非差数据精密确定低轨卫星轨道的理论及方法研究[D].武汉：武汉大学,2008
[74]蔡昌盛GPS/GLONASS组合精密单点定位理论与方法[D].徐州：中国矿业大学,2008
[75]Ge M., Gendt G., Rothacher M., Shi C., Liu J. Resolution of GPS carrier-phase ambiguities in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with daily observations [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2008,82(7):389-399
[76]Ge M., Zou X., Dick G., Jiang W.W.J., Liu J. An alternative Network RTK approach based on undifferenced observation corrections [C]. ION GNSS 2010. Portland, Oregon,2010.
[77]Geng J., Meng X., Dodson A., Teferle F. Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning:method comparison [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2010: 1-13
[78]Geng J., Meng X., Dodson A.H., Ge M., Teferle F.N. Rapid re-convergences to ambiguity-fixed solutions in precise point positioning [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2010,84(12):705-714
[79]Geng J., Teferle F.N., Meng X., Dodson A.H. Towards PPP-RTK:Ambiguity Resolution in Real-Time Precise Point Positioning [J]. Advances in Space Research,2010,47(10):1664-1673
[80]Geng J., Teferle F.N., Shi C., Meng X., Dodson A.H., Liu J. Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data [J]. GPS Solutions, 2009,13(4):263-270
[81]Li H., Wang J., Chen J., Hu C. The research on the rapid static precise point positioning based on ridged estimation [J]. Acta Astronomica Sinica,2009, 50(4):438-444
[82]Li X., Zhang X., Ge M. Regional reference network augmented precise point positioning for instantaneous ambiguity resolution [J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2011,85(3):151-158
[83]Zhang X., Li X. Instantaneous re-initialization in real-time kinematic PPP with cycle slip fixing [J]. GPS Solutions,2011
[84]Gabor M.J., Nerem R.S. GPS carrier phase ambiguity resolution using satellite-satellite single difference [C]. Proceedings of ION GNSS 12th international technical meeting of the Satellite Division. Nashville, US,1999. 1569-1578
[85]张小红,李星星.非差模糊度整数固定解PPP新方法及实验[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2010,35(6)：657-660
[86]Laurichesse D., Mercier F., Berthias J.P. Real Time Precise GPS Constellation Orbits and Clocks Estimation using Zero-difference Integer Ambiguity Fixing [C]. Proceedings of the 2009 International Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation-ITM 2009. Anaheim, CA,2009.664-672
[87]Collins P. Isolating and Estimating Undifferenced GPS Integer Ambiguities [J]. Proceedings of the 2008 National Technical Meeting of the Institute of Navigation-Ntm 2008,2008:720-732
[88]Mervart L., Zdenek L., Rocken C., Iwabuchi T. Precise Point Positioning with ambiguity resolution in real-time [C]. ION GNSS. GPS Solutions Inc., Boulder CO, USA,2008.397-405
[89]Gao Y., Shen X. A new method for carrier-phase-based precise point positioning [J]. Navigation,2002,49(2):109-116
[90]Bisnath S.B., Langley R.B. Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbiters with GPS Point Positioning [C]. Proceeding of ION National Technical Meeting. Long Beach, CA,2001.725-733
[91]Bock H., Beutler G., Hugentobler U. Kinematic orbit determination for Low Earth Orbiters (LEOs) [J]. Vistas for Geodesy in the New Millennium,2002, 125:303-308
[92]周忠谟.GPS卫星测量原理与应用[M].北京：测绘出版社,2003
[93]王解先.GPS精密定位与定轨[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1997
[94]McCarthy D.D., Petit G. IERS Conventions (2003)[M]. Frankfurt am Main: IERS Convention Centre,2004
[95]Kouba J. A guide to using International GNSS Service (IGS) products[EB/OL]. http://acc.igs.org/UsingIGSProductsVer21.pdf
[96]Bar-Sever Y.E., Kroger P.M., Borjesson J.A. Estimating horizontal gradients of tropospheric path delay with a single GPS receiver [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(B3):5019-5035
[97]Bisnath S.B., Langley R.B., CHAMP orbit determination with GPS phase-connected precise point positioning [M]//C. Reigber, H. Luhr, and P. Schwintzer. First Champ Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies. Berlin:Springer-Verlag Berlin,2003:59-64
[98]Bock H., Hugentobler U., Springer T.A., Beutler G., Efficient precise orbit determination of LEO satellites using GPS [M]//New Trends in Space Geodesy. Oxford:Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd,2002:295-300
[99]Blewitt G. An Automatic Editing Algorithm for GPS Data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,1990,17(3):199-202
[100]Kouba J., Heroux P. GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products [J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part a-Solid Earth and Geodesy,2001, 26(6-8):573-578
[101]Kouba J. A Guide to Using International GPS Service (IGS) Products[EB/OL]. http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/igscb/resource/pubs/GuidetoUsingIGSProducts.pdf.
[102]Chen W., Hu C., Li Z., Chen Y, Ding X., Gao S., Ji S. Kinematic GPS Precise Point Positioning for Sea Level Monitoring with GPS Buoy [J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2004,3(1-2):302-307
[103]Heroux P., Kouba J. GPS precise point positioning using IGS orbit products [J]. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part a-Solid Earth and Geodesy,2001, 26(6-8):573-578
[104]Wu J.T., Wu S.C., Hajj G.A., Bertiger W.I., Lichten S.M. Effects of antenna orientation on GPS carrier phase [J]. Manuscripta Geodaetica,1993,18(2): 91-98
[105]Tao W. Near Real-time GPS PPP-inferred Water Vapor System Development and Evaluation [D]. Calgary, Alberta,Canada:University of Calgary,2008
[106]Braun J.J. Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor with the Global Positioning System [D]. Colorado, America:University of Colorado,2004
[107]Bevis M., Businger S., Herring T.A., Rocken C., Anthes R.A., Ware A.R.H. GPS Meteorology:Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor Using the Global Positioning System [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1992, 97(D14):15,787-15,801
[108]Boehm J., Cerveira P.J.M., Schuh H., Tregoning P. The impact of tropospheric mapping functions based on numerical weather models on the determination of geodetic parameters[EB/OL]. http://rses.anu.edu.au/geodynamics/tregoning/29.pdf
[109]Boehm J., Kouba J., Schuh H. Forecast Vienna Mapping Functions 1 for real-time analysis of space geodetic observations [J]. Journal of Geodesy, 2008,83(5):397-401
[110]Boehm J., Niell A., Tregoning P., Schuh H. Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on data from numerical weather model data [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(7): L07304.1-L07304.4
[111]Boehm J., Schuh H. Vienna mapping functions in VLBI analyses [J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(L01603)
[112]Boehm J., Werl B., Schuh H. Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and VLBI from ECMWF operational analysis data [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,2006
[113]Kouba J. Implementation and testing of the gridded Vienna Mapping Function 1 (VMF1) [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2008,82(4-5):193-205
[114]Niell A.E. Global mapping functions for the atmosphere delay at radio wavelengths [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1996,101(b2):3227-3246
[115]Niell A.E. Improved atmospheric mapping functions for VLBI and GPS [J]. Earth, Planets Space,2000,52(10):699-702
[116]Saha K., Suresh Raju C., Parameswaran K. A new hydrostatic mapping function for tropospheric delay estimation [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2010,72(1):125-134
[117]Steigenberger P., Boehm J., Tesmer V. Comparison of GMF/GPT with VMF1/ECMWF and implications for atmospheric loading [J]. Journal of Geodesy 2009,2009(83):943-951
[118]Zhang Y., Gao Y. Influence Analysis of Tropospheric Model and Mapping Function on Precise Tropospheric Delay Estimation Using PPP [C]. ION GNSS 19th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division. Fort Worth, TX,2006.1884-1890
[119]Dach R., Hugentobler U., Fridez P., Meindl M. User manual of the Bernese GPS Software Version 5.0[M]. Berne:Astronomical Institute, University of Berne,2007
[120]NGDC. Definition of the Ionospheric Regions (Structures) [EB/OL]. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/IONO/ionostru.html
[121]Hoque M.M., Jakowski N. Higher order ionospheric effects in precise GNSS positioning [J]. Journal of Geodesy,2006,81(4):259-268
[122]戴吾蛟.GPS精密动态变形监测的数据处理理论与方法研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2007
[123]Zumberge J.F. Automated GPS Data Analysis Service [J]. GPS Solutions, 1999,2(3):76-78
[124]Fraser D., Potter J. The optimum linear smoother as a combination of two optimum linear filters [C]. Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions on Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,1969.387-390
[125]Gelb A., Joseph F. Kasper J., Raymond A. Nash J., Price C.F., Arthur A. Sutherland J. Applied Optimal Estimation[M]. Carnbride,Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press,1974
[126]Sedlak J. Comparison of Kalman filter and optimal smoother estimates of spacecraft attitude [EB/OL]. http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940031131_199403113 l.pdf
[127]Takasu T., Kasai S. Precise Orbit Determination of GPS Satellites using Carrier Phase Measurements [C]. The 15th Workshop on JAXA Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics. Japan,2005.378-383
[128]Matsumoto K., Takanezawa T., Ooe M. Ocean Tide Models Developed by Assimilating TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Data into Hydrodynamical Model:A Global Model and a Regional Model Around Japan [J]. Journal of Oceanography,2000,56(5):567-581
[129]Welch G., Bishop G. An introduction to the Kalman filter[EB/OL]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.79.6578&rep=rep1 &type=pdf
[130]杨元喜.自适应动态导航定位[M].北京：测绘出版社,2006
[131]Takasu T., Kasai S. Development and evaluation of GPS satellite orbit and clock near-realtime estimation algorithm [C]. The 15th Workshop on JAXA Astro Dynamics and Flight Mechanics. Japan,2005.
[132]陈永奇,刘焱雄,王晓亚,李品华.香港实时GPS水汽监测系统的若干关键技术[J].测绘学报,2007,36(1)：9-12
[133]丁金才.GPS气象学及其应用[M].北京：气象出版社,2009
[134]王勇,柳林涛,郝晓光,丁克良.准实时地基GPS可降水量的解算方案与可靠性研究[J].热带气象学报,2007,23(2)：177-181
[135]叶世榕,张双成,刘经南.精密单点定位方法估计对流层延迟精度分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(8)：788-791
[136]李黎,匡翠林,朱建军,陈永奇.水平梯度和映射函数对对流层延迟估计精度的影响分析[J].工程勘察,2011(5)：52-57
[137]Dousa J. The impact of errors in predicted GPS orbits on zenith troposphere delay estimation [J]. GPS Solutions,2010,14(3):229-239
[138]Flores A., Escudero A., Sedo M.J., Rius A. A near real time system for tropospheric monitoring using IGS hourly data [J]. Earth Planets and Space, 2000,52(10):681-684
[139]Gendt G., Dick G, Reigber C., Tomassini M., Liu Y., Ramatschi M. Demonstration of NRT GPS water vapor monitoring for numerical weather prediction in Germany [C]. International Workshop on GPS Meteorology, 2003.
[140]Shoji Y. A study of near real-time water vapor analysis using a nationwide dense GPS network of Japan [J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2009,87(1):1-18
[141]香港地政总署测绘处.香港卫星定位参考站网(SatRef)[EB/OL]. http://www.geodetic.gov.hk/smo/gsi/programs/en/GSS/satref/satref.htm
[142]Byun S.H., Bar-Sever Y.E. A new type of troposphere zenith path delay product of the international GNSS service [J]. Journal of Geodesy 2009, 83(3-4):367-373
[143]Chen G., Herring T.A. Effects of atmospheric azimuthal asymmerty on the analysis of space geodetic data [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997, 102(B9):20489-20502
[144]姜卫平,邹璇.精密GPS定位中大气模型误差的研究与分析[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(11)：1106-1109
[145]张双成,叶世榕,刘经南,李冲.动态映射函数最新进展及其在GNSS遥感水汽中的应用研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2009,34(3)：280-283
[146]宋淑丽,朱文耀,廖新浩.地基GPS气象学研究的主要问题及最新进展[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(2)：250-259
[147]王勇,焦健,曾琪明,刘严萍.基于不同地形的GPS对流层延迟插值方法研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3)：132-136
[148]岳迎春,潘雄,明祖涛,俞艳.提高对流层天顶总延迟解算精度的新方法探讨[J].测绘科学,2009,34(6)：178-179
[149]马晨旭,许才军,张琼,茅盛.引入变差函数的反距离加权法及应用研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(1)：83-87
[150]Chiang K.W., Peng W.C., Yeh Y.H., Chen K.H. Study of Alternative GPS Network Meteorological Sensors in Taiwan:Case Studies of the Plum Rains and Typhoon Sinlaku [J]. Sensors,2009,9(6):5001-5021
[151]Rocken C., Hove T.V., Johnson J., Solheim F., Ware R., Bevis M., Chiswell S., Businger S. GPS/STORM-GPS Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapor for Meteorology [J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1995,12: 468-478
[152]宋淑丽.地基GPS网对水汽三维分布的监测及其在气象学中的应用[D].上海：中国科学院,2004
[153]Kwon H.-T., Jung E.-H., Lim G.-H. A comparison of GPS-and NWP-derived PW data over the Korean Peninsula [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2010,27(4):871-882
[154]香港天文台.重要热带气旋回顾-201004W(CHANTHU)Profile[EB/OL]. http://david.sam-siu.com/weather/2010/review/review201004w.html
[155]Banville S., Langley R.B. Instantaneous cycle-slip correction for real-time PPP applications [J]. Navigation,2010,57(4):325-334
[156]Han S.-C., Kwon J.H., Jekeli C. Accurate absolute GPS positioning through satellite clock error estimation [J]. Journal of Geodesy 2001,75(1):33-43
[157]Saastamoinen, Atmospheric correction for the troposphere and stratosphere in radio ranging of satellites [M]//S. Henriksen, A. Mancini, and B. Chovitz. The use of artificial satellites for geodesy. Washington:AGU,1972:247-251
[158]Jensen A.B.O., Ovstedal O. The effect of different tropospheric models on precise point positioning in kinematic mode [J]. Survey Review,2008, 40(308):173-187