摘要
在现代工业中,对体积小、重量轻和高力能密度运动及位置控制直线执行器的要求越来越高。现在,越来越多的功能材料可以用于产生机械运动,利用新型功能材料制造各种执行机构的研究受到人们的广泛关注。磁控形状记忆合金(MSMA)是近年来发现的一种新型的功能材料,不仅变形率大,易于控制,动态响应速度高,而且功率密度大和机电能量转换效率高,有望成为新一代智能驱动器和传感器的关键材料。
本文首先分析了MSMA的晶体结构和变形机理,给出了MSMA的相变温度和工作温度区间。对MSMA材料的静态特性和动态特性进行了系统的分析,给出了MSMA的变形与温度、外加磁场及预压力之间的关系,为MSMA在执行器中的应用提供了理论基础。
其次,本文研究了磁控形状记忆合金的逆效应,即MSMA在外力作用下的磁特性变化。自行设计并制作了一台实验装置,对MSMA材料的传感器特性进行了初步的实验研究。实验结果表明,MSMA作为一种新型的智能材料,可以用于位置、速度或者加速度传感器的制作中。
最后,设计了一种差动式MSMA执行器驱动的无阀泵系统。差动式MSMA执行器可以减小励磁功率、消除温度影响和提高工作频率和输出力。本文详细论述了差动式MSMA执行器驱动的无阀泵的结构和运行原理,设计并制作了一台差动式MSMA执行器驱动的无阀泵实验样机,对实验样机进行了磁场和流场有限元分析,并进行了初步的实验研究。分析和实验结果验证了差动式MSMA执行器驱动的无阀泵的可行性。
Precision motion and position control actuators which can provide greater forces and torques within given volume and weight are in great need in modern industry. Nowadays, more and more functional materials can be adopted to generate mechanical moving. New kinds of actuators based on smart materials are paid more attention to. Magnetically controlled shape memory alloy (MSMA) is a new type of functional material found in recent years, which has not only large shape variation and fast dynamic response but also high power density and high efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion. It will be a key material of the new kinds of intelligent actuators and sensors.
In this thesis, the crystal structure and shape variation mechanism of MSMA are analyzed. The phase transition temperature and the range of working temperature of MSMA are presented. The static and dynamic characteristic of MSMA has been analyzed systematically. The relationship between the strain of MSMA and the varying of temperatures, external magnetic field and pre-stresses are ascertained.
The reverse effect of the MSMA has also been studied in this thesis. The reverse effect of the MSMA is the magnetic characteristic under the external force. The experimental device for study the reverse effect of the MSMA has been self-developed. According to the test results, as a new kind of functional material, the MSMA can be used in position, speed and acceleration sensor.
In this thesis, a valveless pump driven by the differential MSMA actuator is proposed. The differential control strategy can decrease exciting power, eliminate temperature influence and improve working frequency and output torque. The design principle of the differential MSMA actuator and the one-way flow mechanism and structure design of the valveless pump has been analyzed. A prototype and the control system have been developed successfully. The analysis of the magnetic field and flow field has been finished, and the preliminary test has been taken. The feasibility of the operation principle and design method of the valveless pump driven by the MSMA actuator have been proved by the analysis and test results.
引文
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