几种细菌对煤炭脱硫作用的初步研究
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摘要
探讨了几种细菌对煤炭的脱硫作用,对硅酸盐细菌在煤炭脱硫效果及脱硫机理等方面进行了较深入的研究。
在以煤炭作为营养基质条件下对硅酸盐细菌进行驯化培养显示其具有良好的适应能力。采用生长在含高硫煤培养基中的硅酸盐细菌来去除煤炭中的硫,结果表明:①硅酸盐细菌对煤炭有一定脱硫效果,全硫脱除率最高达35.78%,处理后煤样含硫3.50%;②摇床培养的硅酸盐细菌与静止培养的硅酸盐细菌相比,前者对煤炭脱硫效果更好。采用自地下水中分离的不动杆菌属S03和S06菌株进行脱硫实验,结果表明:菌株S06的脱硫效果要稍优于菌株S03,全硫脱除率达31.38%,处理后煤样含硫3.74%。这表明,菌株S03和S06对煤炭虽有一定脱硫效果,但效果不理想。采用NJDX1-④菌株对所采煤样进行脱硫实验,结果表明:该菌株对煤炭脱硫有一定作用,尤其是对煤炭中无机硫的脱除显示出更好的效果。通过改变培养基中硫含量可提高NJDX1-④菌株对煤炭的脱硫效果。分析认为该菌株对黄铁矿硫可能存在氧化脱硫作用。
就硅酸盐细菌对煤炭脱硫的条件进行单因素试验和正交优化试验。结果表明,硅酸盐细菌用于煤炭脱硫应选择含氮培养基培养的种子液,处理煤样的最佳条件为:处理时间6d,摇床转速170r/min,煤样投加量6g,菌剂投加量50mL。上述条件下该菌株最高脱硫率为36.87%。
采用含氮培养基及无氮培养基培养的硅酸盐细菌对煤炭脱硫的机理研究表明:硅酸盐细菌对煤炭中的硫化铁硫存在氧化作用,同时该菌对有机硫和无机硫都有吸收与代谢转化作用。利用含氮培养基培养后的硅酸盐细菌对含低价态无机硫的黄铁矿和硫化亚铁作用结果表明:硅酸盐细菌及其代谢产物对低价态无机硫存在氧化作用。进一步分析认为硅酸盐细菌煤炭脱硫机理包括:①硅酸盐细菌及其代谢产物对煤中的硫产生氧化作用;②硅酸盐细菌对煤中的硫有吸收与转化作用。
微生物技术用于煤炭脱硫既能专一性地脱除结构复杂、嵌布粒度极细的无机硫,同时又能脱除部分有机硫,所需反应条件温和,投资少,成本低,对环境污染小,是一种环境友好的煤炭脱硫新技术,因而具有广阔的应用前景。本项工作对开展煤炭微生物脱硫技术研究具有重要参考价值。
The effects of several kinds of bacterium, especially silicate bacteria, on the coal desulfurization were studied in this paper.
The silicate bacteria grew well in the condition that coal acted as nutrition substrate. So the silicate bacteria which grew in the culture medium of sulfur coal removaled sulfur of coal. The result indicated that:
Firstly, there was some desulfurization effect after treatment of the silicate bacteria, and the maximum removal ratio was 35.78% for total sulfur. After treatment, the sulfur content of coal sample was only 3.50%. Secondly, compared with the means of static cultivation for the silicate bacteria, the way of shaking table cultivation was better for coal desulfurization effect.
Using the strain S03 and S06 of Acinetobacter which came from groundwater started to the desulfurization experiment. The results indicated that the strain S06 had better desulfurization than the strain S03. The maximum removal ratio was 31.38% for total sulfur. After treatment, the sulfur content of coal sample was only 3.74%. This made known that the strain S03 and S06 had a definite desulfurization, but the effect was not ideal.
Adopting the strain NJDX1-④started the experiment of desulfurization. The result indicated that the strain had some effect for coal desulfurization. Especially, it had much better effect for inorganic sulfur of coal. Through changing the sulfur content of culture medium, the desulfurization ability of the strain NJDX1-④could be increased. So it was agreed that the strain NJDX1-④could have oxidation and desulfurization for the sulfur of pyrite.
Through the single factorial experimrnts and the orthogonal experimrnt about the conditions of coal desulfurization affected by the silicate bacteria, the results were shown that the silicate bacteria should grow in the liquid culture medium of nitrogen for coal desulfurization experiment. The best conditions of dealing with coal sample were that access time was 6d, the rotation rate of shaking table was 170r/min, the dosage of the coal sample was 6g, and the dosage of the silicate bacteria was 50mL. In the above conditions, the maximum desulfurization ratio was 36.87%.
Using the silicate bacteria which growed in the different culture mediums with nitrogen or no nitrogen, it started the experiment of coal desulfurization. The mechanism made clear that the silicate bacteria had the oxidation for the sulfur of iron sulphides in coal, and it also had the absorption and transformation for organic sulfur with inorganic sulfur. The silicate bacteria dealed with the pyrite and ferrous sulphide of low valence state, which growed in the culture medium of nitrogen. The result indicated that the silicate bacteria with its metabolite had oxidation for the inorganic sulfur of low valence state. The further study of the coal desulfurization indicated that the silicate bacteria with its metabolite had oxidation for the sulfur of coal, and the silicate bacteria had absorption and transformation for the the sulfur of coal.
The microbe technology is used for the coal desulfurization. The bacteria could specially remove inorganic sulfur, which has complex structure and extra fine disseminated grain size, and also remove parts of organic sulfur. It is a new technology of coal desulfurization for being good with environment, with the merits for the facile reaction condition, few invest, low cost and little environmental pollution, and has wide application foreground. This work has important referrence value for carrying on the engineering study of biological desulphurization about coal.
在以煤炭作为营养基质条件下对硅酸盐细菌进行驯化培养显示其具有良好的适应能力。采用生长在含高硫煤培养基中的硅酸盐细菌来去除煤炭中的硫,结果表明:①硅酸盐细菌对煤炭有一定脱硫效果,全硫脱除率最高达35.78%,处理后煤样含硫3.50%;②摇床培养的硅酸盐细菌与静止培养的硅酸盐细菌相比,前者对煤炭脱硫效果更好。采用自地下水中分离的不动杆菌属S03和S06菌株进行脱硫实验,结果表明:菌株S06的脱硫效果要稍优于菌株S03,全硫脱除率达31.38%,处理后煤样含硫3.74%。这表明,菌株S03和S06对煤炭虽有一定脱硫效果,但效果不理想。采用NJDX1-④菌株对所采煤样进行脱硫实验,结果表明:该菌株对煤炭脱硫有一定作用,尤其是对煤炭中无机硫的脱除显示出更好的效果。通过改变培养基中硫含量可提高NJDX1-④菌株对煤炭的脱硫效果。分析认为该菌株对黄铁矿硫可能存在氧化脱硫作用。
就硅酸盐细菌对煤炭脱硫的条件进行单因素试验和正交优化试验。结果表明,硅酸盐细菌用于煤炭脱硫应选择含氮培养基培养的种子液,处理煤样的最佳条件为:处理时间6d,摇床转速170r/min,煤样投加量6g,菌剂投加量50mL。上述条件下该菌株最高脱硫率为36.87%。
采用含氮培养基及无氮培养基培养的硅酸盐细菌对煤炭脱硫的机理研究表明:硅酸盐细菌对煤炭中的硫化铁硫存在氧化作用,同时该菌对有机硫和无机硫都有吸收与代谢转化作用。利用含氮培养基培养后的硅酸盐细菌对含低价态无机硫的黄铁矿和硫化亚铁作用结果表明:硅酸盐细菌及其代谢产物对低价态无机硫存在氧化作用。进一步分析认为硅酸盐细菌煤炭脱硫机理包括:①硅酸盐细菌及其代谢产物对煤中的硫产生氧化作用;②硅酸盐细菌对煤中的硫有吸收与转化作用。
微生物技术用于煤炭脱硫既能专一性地脱除结构复杂、嵌布粒度极细的无机硫,同时又能脱除部分有机硫,所需反应条件温和,投资少,成本低,对环境污染小,是一种环境友好的煤炭脱硫新技术,因而具有广阔的应用前景。本项工作对开展煤炭微生物脱硫技术研究具有重要参考价值。
The effects of several kinds of bacterium, especially silicate bacteria, on the coal desulfurization were studied in this paper.
The silicate bacteria grew well in the condition that coal acted as nutrition substrate. So the silicate bacteria which grew in the culture medium of sulfur coal removaled sulfur of coal. The result indicated that:
Firstly, there was some desulfurization effect after treatment of the silicate bacteria, and the maximum removal ratio was 35.78% for total sulfur. After treatment, the sulfur content of coal sample was only 3.50%. Secondly, compared with the means of static cultivation for the silicate bacteria, the way of shaking table cultivation was better for coal desulfurization effect.
Using the strain S03 and S06 of Acinetobacter which came from groundwater started to the desulfurization experiment. The results indicated that the strain S06 had better desulfurization than the strain S03. The maximum removal ratio was 31.38% for total sulfur. After treatment, the sulfur content of coal sample was only 3.74%. This made known that the strain S03 and S06 had a definite desulfurization, but the effect was not ideal.
Adopting the strain NJDX1-④started the experiment of desulfurization. The result indicated that the strain had some effect for coal desulfurization. Especially, it had much better effect for inorganic sulfur of coal. Through changing the sulfur content of culture medium, the desulfurization ability of the strain NJDX1-④could be increased. So it was agreed that the strain NJDX1-④could have oxidation and desulfurization for the sulfur of pyrite.
Through the single factorial experimrnts and the orthogonal experimrnt about the conditions of coal desulfurization affected by the silicate bacteria, the results were shown that the silicate bacteria should grow in the liquid culture medium of nitrogen for coal desulfurization experiment. The best conditions of dealing with coal sample were that access time was 6d, the rotation rate of shaking table was 170r/min, the dosage of the coal sample was 6g, and the dosage of the silicate bacteria was 50mL. In the above conditions, the maximum desulfurization ratio was 36.87%.
Using the silicate bacteria which growed in the different culture mediums with nitrogen or no nitrogen, it started the experiment of coal desulfurization. The mechanism made clear that the silicate bacteria had the oxidation for the sulfur of iron sulphides in coal, and it also had the absorption and transformation for organic sulfur with inorganic sulfur. The silicate bacteria dealed with the pyrite and ferrous sulphide of low valence state, which growed in the culture medium of nitrogen. The result indicated that the silicate bacteria with its metabolite had oxidation for the inorganic sulfur of low valence state. The further study of the coal desulfurization indicated that the silicate bacteria with its metabolite had oxidation for the sulfur of coal, and the silicate bacteria had absorption and transformation for the the sulfur of coal.
The microbe technology is used for the coal desulfurization. The bacteria could specially remove inorganic sulfur, which has complex structure and extra fine disseminated grain size, and also remove parts of organic sulfur. It is a new technology of coal desulfurization for being good with environment, with the merits for the facile reaction condition, few invest, low cost and little environmental pollution, and has wide application foreground. This work has important referrence value for carrying on the engineering study of biological desulphurization about coal.
引文
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[2]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 214-2003.煤中全硫的测定方法[S].
[3]中华人民共和国国家标准.GB/T 215-2003.煤中各种形态硫的测定方法[S].
[4]中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准.HJ/T 342-2007.水质硫酸盐的测定铬酸钡分光光度法.
[5]王龙贵.煤炭的微生物转化与利用[M].化学工业出版社,2006.
[6]王淀佐,邱冠周,胡岳华.资源加工学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[7]孙丽梅,单忠健.国内外煤炭燃前脱硫工艺的研究进展[J].洁净煤技术,2005,11(1):55-58.
[8]孙德四,张贤珍,张强.硅酸盐细菌代谢产物对硅酸盐矿物的浸溶作用研究.矿冶工程,2006,26(3):27-29.
[9]李定旭.硅酸盐细菌在苹果上的应用效果.果树学报,2003,20(1):64-66.
[10]李丽,冯有利,郭景会.国内外燃煤脱硫技术的现状与对策[J].山西能源与节能,2006,(3):9-13.
[11]李国辉,胡杰南.煤的微生物法脱硫研究进展[J].化学进展,1997,9(1):79-89.
[12]邱建辉,邸进申,李英杰.生物脱硫的研究进展[J].微生物学报,2001,41(5):650-653.
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