摩托车发动机曲柄连杆总成动平衡测量系统与惯性力调整方法的研究
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摘要
在摩托车发动机中,曲柄连杆总成的惯性力是整车振动的重要来源,发动机设计图纸上对其生产和装配都有重要技术要求。摩托车发动机的曲轴采用左右曲柄分别加工,与连杆合装的工艺,曲轴不能单独平衡校正,只能考虑曲柄连杆总成整体平衡的方法。长期以来生产企业缺乏有效的曲柄连杆机构惯性力实验检测设备和手段,在生产过程中难以对发动机惯性力有效的控制和调整,影响了发动机和整车的质量。
发动机的惯性力的大小与方向对车辆的振动和舒适性方面有相当大的影响,在摩托车发动机中一般采用过量平衡调整惯性力的方法,摩托车发动机曲柄连杆总成动平衡测量机是发动机惯性力的重要检测设备。
论文讨论了单缸和V 型双缸发动机中曲柄连杆机构的理论惯性力曲线‘力椭圆’和实验惯性力曲线‘力八字’的关系,提出在摆架上逐点偏移汽缸进行惯性力实验的方法,得到的实验惯性力曲线完全反映了惯性力的主要参数。在单、双缸发动机惯性力数学模型的基础上,研究了曲柄连杆机构的合成旋转质量的位置及与往复质量的比值这两个重要的设计参数与最大惯性力、主趋角、不平衡率的变化关系和规律,讨论了摩托车发动机惯性力参数选择依据,探讨了单缸和V 型双缸发动机惯性力参数的校正方法。
研究了测量机的实验摆架的振动特性和标定方法,讨论了电测系统中相关器的特性和信号处理方法,提出利用与转速同频参考信号直接提取一次惯性力和二次惯性力信号的方法与系统。
在本文的理论和实验基础上,研制了QZC-30 摩托车发动机曲柄连杆总成动平衡测量机,已在十余家摩托车生产企业中使用。
Inertial force of motorcycle’s crankshaft-connecting rod is the main origin of whole motorcycle’s quiver. Design drawings of motor have important technique demands to the manufacture and assemblage of it. It’s crankshaft adopts the craft that the right and left cranks manufactured separately and combined assembly with connected rod. Balance of crankshaft can’t alone emended. At present, factories lack effective experiment test equipment and can’t availably control inertial forces of motorcycle in producing process.
The magnitude and direction of motorcycle’s inertial force has great effect on vehicle’s quiver and comfort. We generally adopt the method of superfluous balance adjusting once inertial force. The dynamic balance test machine of crankshaft-connecting rod of motorcycle’s motor is important test equipment.
The papers discussed the relation between the theory inertial force ‘force ellipse’curve and experiment inertial force ‘force eight word’curve of crankshaft-connecting rod in single cylinder and V-shape double cylinders motor, and put up a method that does experiment of inertial force by offsetting cylinder every point. The gained curve of experiment inertial force entirely reflects the main parameters of inertial force. At the base of single and double cylinder motor inertial force’s mathic models. The position of crankshaft-connecting rod’s synthesized rotation mass and ratio of it with reciprocating mass, the two important design parameters’changing relation and rule with once biggest inertial force and main trend angle, imbalance rate was researched. The papers also discussed choosing evidence of motor inertial force parameters, and probe emendation way of single cylinder motor and V-shape double cylinders inertial force which don’t adopt special balance framework.
The papers researches the quiver character and mark method of measure machine’s experiment sway frame, and discusses correlator characteristic and ways of signal process. The method which utilizes reference signal that has the same frequency with rotate speed to pick up once inertial force and twice one was put up.
At the base of the article’s theories and experiments, I empolder QZC-30
motorcycle’s motor crankshaft-connecting rod integrated dynamic balance machine which has been using in tens of motorcycle companies.
发动机的惯性力的大小与方向对车辆的振动和舒适性方面有相当大的影响,在摩托车发动机中一般采用过量平衡调整惯性力的方法,摩托车发动机曲柄连杆总成动平衡测量机是发动机惯性力的重要检测设备。
论文讨论了单缸和V 型双缸发动机中曲柄连杆机构的理论惯性力曲线‘力椭圆’和实验惯性力曲线‘力八字’的关系,提出在摆架上逐点偏移汽缸进行惯性力实验的方法,得到的实验惯性力曲线完全反映了惯性力的主要参数。在单、双缸发动机惯性力数学模型的基础上,研究了曲柄连杆机构的合成旋转质量的位置及与往复质量的比值这两个重要的设计参数与最大惯性力、主趋角、不平衡率的变化关系和规律,讨论了摩托车发动机惯性力参数选择依据,探讨了单缸和V 型双缸发动机惯性力参数的校正方法。
研究了测量机的实验摆架的振动特性和标定方法,讨论了电测系统中相关器的特性和信号处理方法,提出利用与转速同频参考信号直接提取一次惯性力和二次惯性力信号的方法与系统。
在本文的理论和实验基础上,研制了QZC-30 摩托车发动机曲柄连杆总成动平衡测量机,已在十余家摩托车生产企业中使用。
Inertial force of motorcycle’s crankshaft-connecting rod is the main origin of whole motorcycle’s quiver. Design drawings of motor have important technique demands to the manufacture and assemblage of it. It’s crankshaft adopts the craft that the right and left cranks manufactured separately and combined assembly with connected rod. Balance of crankshaft can’t alone emended. At present, factories lack effective experiment test equipment and can’t availably control inertial forces of motorcycle in producing process.
The magnitude and direction of motorcycle’s inertial force has great effect on vehicle’s quiver and comfort. We generally adopt the method of superfluous balance adjusting once inertial force. The dynamic balance test machine of crankshaft-connecting rod of motorcycle’s motor is important test equipment.
The papers discussed the relation between the theory inertial force ‘force ellipse’curve and experiment inertial force ‘force eight word’curve of crankshaft-connecting rod in single cylinder and V-shape double cylinders motor, and put up a method that does experiment of inertial force by offsetting cylinder every point. The gained curve of experiment inertial force entirely reflects the main parameters of inertial force. At the base of single and double cylinder motor inertial force’s mathic models. The position of crankshaft-connecting rod’s synthesized rotation mass and ratio of it with reciprocating mass, the two important design parameters’changing relation and rule with once biggest inertial force and main trend angle, imbalance rate was researched. The papers also discussed choosing evidence of motor inertial force parameters, and probe emendation way of single cylinder motor and V-shape double cylinders inertial force which don’t adopt special balance framework.
The papers researches the quiver character and mark method of measure machine’s experiment sway frame, and discusses correlator characteristic and ways of signal process. The method which utilizes reference signal that has the same frequency with rotate speed to pick up once inertial force and twice one was put up.
At the base of the article’s theories and experiments, I empolder QZC-30
motorcycle’s motor crankshaft-connecting rod integrated dynamic balance machine which has been using in tens of motorcycle companies.
引文
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[3] 邓雯涯、李梁荣,发动机过量平衡对摩托车车架振动的影响与对策,小型内燃机与摩托车,2004.1,2
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[5] 郭维晶、王大鹏等“摩托车发动机振动评估”,天津大学学报,vol35,No5 ,2002.5
[6] GB10398 -10399-89 小型汽油机振动测试方法
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[11] L.Sperling,B.Ryzik,etc, Simulation of two plane automatic balancing of a rigid rotor,Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 2003,(58)351~365
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[3] 邓雯涯、李梁荣,发动机过量平衡对摩托车车架振动的影响与对策,小型内燃机与摩托车,2004.1,2
[4] 郭为建摩托车发动机曲柄连杆机构不平衡力分析和调整,摩托车技术1999,8
[5] 郭维晶、王大鹏等“摩托车发动机振动评估”,天津大学学报,vol35,No5 ,2002.5
[6] GB10398 -10399-89 小型汽油机振动测试方法
[7] 叶能安、余汝生, 主编,第一版,动平衡原理与动平衡机,华中工学院出版社,1985.12
[8] [日] 三轮修三、下村玄, 旋转机械的平衡,第二版,机械工业出版社,1998.8
[9] J.Chung, D.S.Ro, Dynamic Analysis of An Automatic Dynamic Balancer For Rotating Mechanisms, Journal of Sound and Vibration, (1999) 288(5) 1999
[10] Mitty C.Plummer, A New Approach to Balance,Sound And Vibration. 2000 (11)
[11] L.Sperling,B.Ryzik,etc, Simulation of two plane automatic balancing of a rigid rotor,Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 2003,(58)351~365
[12] R.L.Fox , Two Planes Balancing Techniques,Balancing of Rotating Machinery. March,1984, Philadephia,Pennsylvania
[13] Jesper Adolfsson,Self balancing of rotating machines: An experimental and theoretical study, Master’s thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, March 1995, TRITA-MEK, Technical Report 1995:6, ISSN 0384-467X
[14] V.I.Kravchenko, Automatic balancing of rotor of multi-mass system with row-type antomatic ball balancer, Mashinovedenie, 1986
[15] Richard L Nailen, Learning to deal with rotor unbalance, Electrica Apparatus, Chicago, March 1997, Issue:3 ISSN:01901370
[16] Thearl,E.L.,Automatic Dynamic Balancers,Machine Design,October,1950
[17] Alexander, J.D., An Automatic Dynamic Balancer, Proceeding, 2nd Southeastern Conference, 1964
[18] Lee,J.K. & Van Moorhem,W.K.,Analytical and Experimental Analysis of a self-compensating Dynamic Balancer in a rotating Mechanism,Trans.ASME,Vol118,1996
[19] J.Lee, An analytical study of self-compensating dynamic balancer with damping fluid an ball, Shock and Vibration, 1995
[20] J.W.Cade, Self-compensating balancing in rotating mechanisms,.Design News, 1965
[21] Jesper Adolfsson, A study of stability in autobalancing systems using mutiple correction masses, Licentiate Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, January 1997:3, ISSN 0348-467X,53c
[22] Thearle, E.L. and Scheuectady, N.Y., Dynamic Balancing of Rotating Machinery in the Field, ASME Transactions,Paper AMP 56-19,Vol.56,1934
[23] V.I.Kravchenko, Stability analysis of a row-type counterbalance,Mashinovedenie, (1):25-27, 1983
[24] Martin Lesser, The Analysis of Complex Nonlinear Mechanical Systems, A Computer Algebra Assisted Approach, World Scientific,Singapore,to appear in 1995
[25] Steven H. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos, Addison Wesley, ISBN 0-201-54344-3,1995
[26] William T. Thomson, Theory of Vibration with Applications, 2nd edition, Prentice Hall,1981
[27] A.G.Parkinson balancing of rotating machinery.Proc of Instr.mect.enger., Part C ,J.Mech.Engr.Sci .Vol.205,pp53-56,1991
[28] 周龙保<内燃机学>,机械工业出版社,1999
[29] 郑启福<内燃机动力学>,国防工业出版社,1991.4
[30] 八田桂三、浅沼强、松木正胜,内燃机测试手册,第一版,机械工业出版社,1987.9
[31] Szoke, Dezso ,Measurement of tensor of inertia with tetrahedron method Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering, v 26, n 1-2, 1998, p 201-209
[32] Kimishima, Takeshi, Effects on motorcycle behavior of the moment of inertia of the crankshaft, SAE Special Publications, v 1228, Febr, 1997, 971060, Research into Vehicle Dynamics and Simulation, p 205-215
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