基于嵌入式系统的图像处理平台的设计
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摘要
数字图像处理技术近年来得到了极大的重视和长足的发展,在通讯、管理、医学、地震、气象、航空航天以及教育等领域发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。但是面向应用的图像处理系统却不尽如人意,不能很好的满足图像应用的要求。传统基于PC机的图像处理系统体积庞大,不具有便携性;桌面操作系统不具有实时性。传统的图像处理实现方法越来越不能满足图像应用实时性和小型化的要求。对此,本文探索一种基于ARM嵌入式平台的图像处理解决方案。
本文研究基于嵌入式系统架构的图像处理系统的设计与实现方法。嵌入式系统具有体积小、性能好、功耗低、可靠性高等突出特征,可以满足日益复杂的图像应用要求。本文针对嵌入式系统的特点,设计出具有较强通用性的嵌入式图像处理平台。它方便与其它系统组合安装,形成集图像采集处理一体化的应用系统。这样的系统经扩展后可以应用到各种领域中。
本系统由硬件和软件两部分组成。硬件部分采用由广州致远电子有限公司开发的MagicARM2410开发平台,并根据系统的功能需求对其硬件资源进行裁剪。软件部分使用Platform Builder 5.0集成开发环境来定制满足要求的Windows CE 5.0操作系统,并通过FlashFXP软件的控制将内核镜像文件烧写到开发平台的Flash中。图像算法部分使用eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0开发应用程序,实现图像的灰度化、直方图、边缘检测、轮廓提取等常用功能。
本系统经过测试运行稳定,可以很好的完成图像处理操作。达到系统设计目标的要求。
The digital image processing technology has got great attention and considerable development in recent years. It plays a more and more important role in communication, management, medicine, seismology, meteorology, aerospace, education and other fields. However, the image processing system that faces application is not satisfactory, and can't well respond to the request of image application. The traditional image processing system based on PC is too bulky to have portability; the desk-top operating system does not have real-time character. The traditional realization method of image processing can't meet the demand more and more in real-time and miniaturization of image application. In this regard, this paper explores a solution of image processing system based on ARM embedded platform.
This paper studies the design and implementation method of image processing system which based on embedded system architecture. Embedded system has a small size, good performance, low power, high reliability and other prominent feature. It can meet the increasingly complex image applications require. This text aims at the characteristic of embedded system to design an embedded image processing platform which has stronger universal. It is convenient to combine and install with other systems, forming an integrative application system with image collecting and processing. This system can be applied to a variety of areas after expanding.
This system is made up of hardware and software. The hardware part adopts MagicARM2410 developing platform which developed by Guangzhou Zhiyuan electronics Co., Ltd. And cut out its hardware resources according to the system function demands. The software part uses Platform Builder 5.0 integrated development environment to customize Windows CE 5.0 operating system which can meet system demands, and writes the kernel image file into Flash of developing platform through the control of FlashFXP software. The image algorithm part uses eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0 to develop application program, realize grey, histogram, edge detecting, profile extraction and other common functions.
This system runs stable through testing, and can well complete image processing operation.
本文研究基于嵌入式系统架构的图像处理系统的设计与实现方法。嵌入式系统具有体积小、性能好、功耗低、可靠性高等突出特征,可以满足日益复杂的图像应用要求。本文针对嵌入式系统的特点,设计出具有较强通用性的嵌入式图像处理平台。它方便与其它系统组合安装,形成集图像采集处理一体化的应用系统。这样的系统经扩展后可以应用到各种领域中。
本系统由硬件和软件两部分组成。硬件部分采用由广州致远电子有限公司开发的MagicARM2410开发平台,并根据系统的功能需求对其硬件资源进行裁剪。软件部分使用Platform Builder 5.0集成开发环境来定制满足要求的Windows CE 5.0操作系统,并通过FlashFXP软件的控制将内核镜像文件烧写到开发平台的Flash中。图像算法部分使用eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0开发应用程序,实现图像的灰度化、直方图、边缘检测、轮廓提取等常用功能。
本系统经过测试运行稳定,可以很好的完成图像处理操作。达到系统设计目标的要求。
The digital image processing technology has got great attention and considerable development in recent years. It plays a more and more important role in communication, management, medicine, seismology, meteorology, aerospace, education and other fields. However, the image processing system that faces application is not satisfactory, and can't well respond to the request of image application. The traditional image processing system based on PC is too bulky to have portability; the desk-top operating system does not have real-time character. The traditional realization method of image processing can't meet the demand more and more in real-time and miniaturization of image application. In this regard, this paper explores a solution of image processing system based on ARM embedded platform.
This paper studies the design and implementation method of image processing system which based on embedded system architecture. Embedded system has a small size, good performance, low power, high reliability and other prominent feature. It can meet the increasingly complex image applications require. This text aims at the characteristic of embedded system to design an embedded image processing platform which has stronger universal. It is convenient to combine and install with other systems, forming an integrative application system with image collecting and processing. This system can be applied to a variety of areas after expanding.
This system is made up of hardware and software. The hardware part adopts MagicARM2410 developing platform which developed by Guangzhou Zhiyuan electronics Co., Ltd. And cut out its hardware resources according to the system function demands. The software part uses Platform Builder 5.0 integrated development environment to customize Windows CE 5.0 operating system which can meet system demands, and writes the kernel image file into Flash of developing platform through the control of FlashFXP software. The image algorithm part uses eMbedded Visual C++ 4.0 to develop application program, realize grey, histogram, edge detecting, profile extraction and other common functions.
This system runs stable through testing, and can well complete image processing operation.
引文
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[4] S.GUILLAUME, C.EMMANUEL, M.ERIC. Design of a flexible 2-D discrete wavelet transform IP core for JPEG2000 image coding in embedded imaging systems. Signal Processing, 2006, 86(7): 1375-1399
[5] F.XIE, G.W.YANG, X.Y.SONG. Component-based hardware/software co-verification for building trustworthy embedded systems. Journal of Systems and Software, 2007, 80(5): 643-654
[6]贾佳乐.基于ARM的嵌入式图像处理系统设计. [长春理工大学硕士论文]. 2007
[7]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发:基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统第2版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2003: 10
[8]杨柯.嵌入式图像处理技术研究及其应用. [西北工业大学硕士论文]. 2003
[9] W. WAYNE. Computers as Components:The Principles of Embedded Computing System Design. Morgran Kaufmann, 2004, 17(14): 13-17
[10]马中梅. ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 9
[11]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006: 33-64
[12] A.WANG, Y.LAI, C.SUN. Effects of Palm and WinCE menu-design for PDA on users' operating performance and subjective preference. Displays, 2005, 26(2): 97-102
[13]宋延昭.嵌入式操作系统介绍及选型原则.工业控制计算机, 2005. 18: 41-42
[14]姜波. Windows CE.Net程序设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2007
[15] H.H.WANG, Y.CHIN, T.ZHANG. Porting window CE operating system to broadband enabled STB devices. Industrial Electronics Society, 2002, 3: 25
[16] B.DOUGLAS. Programming Microsoft Windows CE. NET. Microsoft press, 2003, 3
[17]周立功. MagicARM2410教学实验开发平台实验指导.广州致远有限公司, 2006
[18] USER'S MANUAL S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor. Samsung Electronics
[19]李国盛.基于WinCE的视频无线传输系统的研究与实现. [大庆石油学院硕士论文]. 2007, 3: 23-24
[20] LB121S02-A2 Color TFT LCD Module Specifications. Philips Corporation, 2003
[21] ADS7846 Touchscreen Controller datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporation, 2002
[22]王欣.基于ARM的嵌入式移动终端手持设备的设计与实现. [北京邮电大学硕士论文]. 2007. 50-51
[23] M.JIANG. A Design of Embedded Terminal Unit Based on ARM and Windows CE. Electronic Measurement and Instruments, 2007, 2: 336-340
[24]张冬泉,谭南林,王雪梅,等. Windows CE实用开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006: 14-17
[25]方俊.基于S3C2442A和Windows CE的PDA软硬件平台设计及实现. [武汉理工大学硕士论文]. 2008
[26]傅曦,陈黎. Windows CE嵌入式开发入门——基于Xscale架构.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006
[27]何宗键. Windows CE嵌入式系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006
[28]安雄山.基于ARM9和Windows CE的无线传感器网络基站平台设计. [吉林大学硕士论文]. 2008
[29]杨向文.嵌入式操作系统Windows CE.net的应用研究. [成都理工大学硕士论文]. 2008
[30]沈峘.基于汽车ARM视觉系统基础研究. [南京航空大学硕士论文]. 2006
[31] S. AGRESTE, Watermarking for digital images, Ph.D. Thesis, Milan University, 2006
[32]刘昂驹.一种实时图像处理系统的硬件平台研究. [西北工业大学硕士论文]. 2008
[33]严丽平,甘岚.基于嵌入式平台的图像处理系统的研制.微计算机信息, 2008, 12(3): 307-309
[34] E.D.GALVEZ, L.A.CISTERNAS, S.PAMELA, et al. Applications of grey programming to process design. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2008, 25: 671-676
[35]周长发.精通Visual C++图像处理编程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006
[36] T.L.ECONOMOPOULOS, P.A.ASVESTAS, G.K.MATSOPOULOS. Contrast enhancement of images using Partitioned Iterated Function Systems. Image and Vision Computing, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online, 2009
[37] W.NAOFUMI, K.SHUNICHI, T.TOMOYUKI. Using color reach histogram for object search in colour and/or depth scene. Pattern Recognition, 2006, 39(5): 881-888
[38]刘胜璞.复杂背景下的实时图像处理. [中国科学技术大学硕士论文]. 2004
[39] B.NIKOLETTA, K.CONSTANTINE. Color image histogram equalization by absolute discounting back-off. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2007, 107(1-2): 108-122
[40]冯清枝.基于直方图修正的图像增强技术.广东公安科技, 2004, 2
[41] M.E.YUKSEL. A median/ANFIS filter for efficient restoration of digital images corrupted by impulse noise AEU. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2006, 60(9): 628-637
[42] C.GONZALEZ, P.WINTZ. Digital Image Processing. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977
[43] R.ADAMS, C.DRISCOLLE, J.READER. Digital Image Processing Techniques. New York: Academic press, 1984
[44] L.JIN, D.LI. A switching vector median filter based on the CIELAB color space for color image restoration. Signal Processing, 2007, 87(6): 1345-1354
[45]吴小培,柴晓东,张德龙.一种中值滤波的快速算法.数据采集与处理, 1995, 10(2): 151-155
[46] C.TAO, W.REN. Application of partition-based median type filters for suppressing noise in images. IEEE Trans on Image Processing, 2001, 10(6): 829-836
[47]刘立宏,胡可刚,刘立欣.目标检测中的快速中值滤波法.吉林大学学报, 2004, 22(3): 232-235
[48]张丽,陈志强,高文焕,等.均值加速的快速中值滤波算法.清华大学学报, 2004, 44(9): 1157-1159
[49]李元帅,张勇,周国忠,等.图像中值滤波硬件算法及其在FPGA中的实现.计算机应用, 2006, 26(6): 62-63, 75
[50]董付国,原达,王金鹏.中值滤波快速算法的进一步思考.计算机工程与应用, 2007, 43(26): 48-49, 64
[51]李婧,黄进.一种图像测量中的快速中值滤波算法.微计算机信息, 2007, 23(7): 299-310
[52]肖昕,李岩.中值滤波编码算法的设计原理与实现.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2004, 9(16): 1256-1259
[53] A.CLIFFORD. Shaffer·Data Structure & Algorithm Analysis. Beijing: Electronics Industry Press, 1998, 34-38
[2]武秀文.基于ARM嵌入式平台的图像处理系统. [武汉理工大学硕士论文]. 2006
[3]杨永敏.嵌入式图像处理系统的研制. [哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文]. 2006: 1-2
[4] S.GUILLAUME, C.EMMANUEL, M.ERIC. Design of a flexible 2-D discrete wavelet transform IP core for JPEG2000 image coding in embedded imaging systems. Signal Processing, 2006, 86(7): 1375-1399
[5] F.XIE, G.W.YANG, X.Y.SONG. Component-based hardware/software co-verification for building trustworthy embedded systems. Journal of Systems and Software, 2007, 80(5): 643-654
[6]贾佳乐.基于ARM的嵌入式图像处理系统设计. [长春理工大学硕士论文]. 2007
[7]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发:基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统第2版.北京:清华大学出版社, 2003: 10
[8]杨柯.嵌入式图像处理技术研究及其应用. [西北工业大学硕士论文]. 2003
[9] W. WAYNE. Computers as Components:The Principles of Embedded Computing System Design. Morgran Kaufmann, 2004, 17(14): 13-17
[10]马中梅. ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004: 9
[11]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006: 33-64
[12] A.WANG, Y.LAI, C.SUN. Effects of Palm and WinCE menu-design for PDA on users' operating performance and subjective preference. Displays, 2005, 26(2): 97-102
[13]宋延昭.嵌入式操作系统介绍及选型原则.工业控制计算机, 2005. 18: 41-42
[14]姜波. Windows CE.Net程序设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2007
[15] H.H.WANG, Y.CHIN, T.ZHANG. Porting window CE operating system to broadband enabled STB devices. Industrial Electronics Society, 2002, 3: 25
[16] B.DOUGLAS. Programming Microsoft Windows CE. NET. Microsoft press, 2003, 3
[17]周立功. MagicARM2410教学实验开发平台实验指导.广州致远有限公司, 2006
[18] USER'S MANUAL S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor. Samsung Electronics
[19]李国盛.基于WinCE的视频无线传输系统的研究与实现. [大庆石油学院硕士论文]. 2007, 3: 23-24
[20] LB121S02-A2 Color TFT LCD Module Specifications. Philips Corporation, 2003
[21] ADS7846 Touchscreen Controller datasheet. Texas Instruments Incorporation, 2002
[22]王欣.基于ARM的嵌入式移动终端手持设备的设计与实现. [北京邮电大学硕士论文]. 2007. 50-51
[23] M.JIANG. A Design of Embedded Terminal Unit Based on ARM and Windows CE. Electronic Measurement and Instruments, 2007, 2: 336-340
[24]张冬泉,谭南林,王雪梅,等. Windows CE实用开发技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006: 14-17
[25]方俊.基于S3C2442A和Windows CE的PDA软硬件平台设计及实现. [武汉理工大学硕士论文]. 2008
[26]傅曦,陈黎. Windows CE嵌入式开发入门——基于Xscale架构.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2006
[27]何宗键. Windows CE嵌入式系统.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006
[28]安雄山.基于ARM9和Windows CE的无线传感器网络基站平台设计. [吉林大学硕士论文]. 2008
[29]杨向文.嵌入式操作系统Windows CE.net的应用研究. [成都理工大学硕士论文]. 2008
[30]沈峘.基于汽车ARM视觉系统基础研究. [南京航空大学硕士论文]. 2006
[31] S. AGRESTE, Watermarking for digital images, Ph.D. Thesis, Milan University, 2006
[32]刘昂驹.一种实时图像处理系统的硬件平台研究. [西北工业大学硕士论文]. 2008
[33]严丽平,甘岚.基于嵌入式平台的图像处理系统的研制.微计算机信息, 2008, 12(3): 307-309
[34] E.D.GALVEZ, L.A.CISTERNAS, S.PAMELA, et al. Applications of grey programming to process design. Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2008, 25: 671-676
[35]周长发.精通Visual C++图像处理编程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006
[36] T.L.ECONOMOPOULOS, P.A.ASVESTAS, G.K.MATSOPOULOS. Contrast enhancement of images using Partitioned Iterated Function Systems. Image and Vision Computing, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online, 2009
[37] W.NAOFUMI, K.SHUNICHI, T.TOMOYUKI. Using color reach histogram for object search in colour and/or depth scene. Pattern Recognition, 2006, 39(5): 881-888
[38]刘胜璞.复杂背景下的实时图像处理. [中国科学技术大学硕士论文]. 2004
[39] B.NIKOLETTA, K.CONSTANTINE. Color image histogram equalization by absolute discounting back-off. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2007, 107(1-2): 108-122
[40]冯清枝.基于直方图修正的图像增强技术.广东公安科技, 2004, 2
[41] M.E.YUKSEL. A median/ANFIS filter for efficient restoration of digital images corrupted by impulse noise AEU. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 2006, 60(9): 628-637
[42] C.GONZALEZ, P.WINTZ. Digital Image Processing. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977
[43] R.ADAMS, C.DRISCOLLE, J.READER. Digital Image Processing Techniques. New York: Academic press, 1984
[44] L.JIN, D.LI. A switching vector median filter based on the CIELAB color space for color image restoration. Signal Processing, 2007, 87(6): 1345-1354
[45]吴小培,柴晓东,张德龙.一种中值滤波的快速算法.数据采集与处理, 1995, 10(2): 151-155
[46] C.TAO, W.REN. Application of partition-based median type filters for suppressing noise in images. IEEE Trans on Image Processing, 2001, 10(6): 829-836
[47]刘立宏,胡可刚,刘立欣.目标检测中的快速中值滤波法.吉林大学学报, 2004, 22(3): 232-235
[48]张丽,陈志强,高文焕,等.均值加速的快速中值滤波算法.清华大学学报, 2004, 44(9): 1157-1159
[49]李元帅,张勇,周国忠,等.图像中值滤波硬件算法及其在FPGA中的实现.计算机应用, 2006, 26(6): 62-63, 75
[50]董付国,原达,王金鹏.中值滤波快速算法的进一步思考.计算机工程与应用, 2007, 43(26): 48-49, 64
[51]李婧,黄进.一种图像测量中的快速中值滤波算法.微计算机信息, 2007, 23(7): 299-310
[52]肖昕,李岩.中值滤波编码算法的设计原理与实现.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2004, 9(16): 1256-1259
[53] A.CLIFFORD. Shaffer·Data Structure & Algorithm Analysis. Beijing: Electronics Industry Press, 1998, 34-38