残膜分离与输送装置的研究
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摘要
阐述了论文选题的背景及研究的目的和意义,介绍课题来源和主要研究内容。分析了目前我国农田残膜污染的状况和残膜清理装备的研究进展,通过分析现有残膜回收与输送装置的工作性能、技术特点以及存在的主要问题,研究了清田整地联合作业机的结构原理和试验方法。运用模糊优化设计、多刚体运动学和动力学理论、虚拟样机技术与仿真的方法和理论,对起膜铲、搂膜连杆机构、齿形刮板等新型的残膜分离与输送装置进行了深入系统的研究,解决了残膜缠绕工作部件的技术难题,为农田残膜污染治理装备的研究开发提供关键技术和理论。
研究起膜铲结构原理,分析起膜铲工作阻力,建立了起膜铲模糊综合评价模型。通过试验优化结构参数和工作参数,得出起膜铲面板上孔的最佳尺寸和铲的理想工作角度;分析残膜等物料在筛面上的运动规律,建立残膜分离筛运动数学模型,通过分析与仿真优化分离筛机构的结构参数和运动参数;分析弹齿的运动,建立了搂膜连杆机构模糊优化设计模型,实现了预期的理想运动轨迹;研究齿形刮板式残膜输送装置的结构原理,分析计算刮板组工作行程的阻力、功耗和动能。以刮板组工作行程的能量消耗最小为目标函数,建立优化设计的数学模型,得出刮板的结构尺寸、配置间距、工作速度、工作倾角的最优化设计结果。运用多刚体系统建模理论,建立了该系统运动学和动力学数学模型并进行了仿真,分析了系统的运动规律和动力学特性。通过试验验证,设计合理、理论模型正确。
最后,总结本文的研究成果与创新点,提出了进一步研究方向。
This paper describes the background and significance of the research topic, introduced the source of the research topic and the contents of the research. This work used fuzzy optimization method and theory, multi-body kinematics and dynamics and virtual prototyping technology, method and theory to carry out machine analysis, modeling and simulation. Experimental tests show that the theoretical model is accurate and design results are reasonable.
Due to the lack of appropriate machinery and labor, large quantity of remnant plastic film can not be recycled thereby left as residues on arable land, causing serious pollution to the soil and ecological environment. Depending on the manual use of hand picking of remnant plastic film is labor intensive, work efficiency is low and recovery rate is low, therefore mechanical cleaning of farmland remnant plastic film is the most effective way possible. Based on this, the study of farmland remnant plastic film pollution handling technology and equipment for agricultural production is one of the most important factors for this present study.
As a result of the remnant plastic film contamination of the soil and the environment, foreign countries use less plastic film. The plastic film in use in Japan, the United States and some European countries are generally thicker (0.02 - 0.05mm), the strength is large thereby using roller-type plastic film recycling machine. The main locally developed machineries for mechanical cleaning and recovery of remnant plastic film are film–tearing machine during seedling and spring-tooth film rake after harvest. According to the main working mechanism, plastic film recovery machinery can be divided into spring-tooth, telescopic rake,fixed tilt-tooth, , and a variety of pneumatic equipment. At present in China plastic films (0.006-0.008mm) are in use and remnant plastic films have strong adhesion on the working part, tying and hanging on the teeth, a key technical problem yet to be resolved. During the use of pneumatic method to recover remnant plastic film, it is difficult for the air to separate out plastic films mixed within the soil. Therefore, this study developed plastic films loosening shovel and rake machine structure, zigzag scraper with other new model for remnant plastic film separation and transportation devices. The parts structural principles and trajectory movement design prevented the remnant plastic film from winding around the working parts thereby solving the technical problems of winding around the working parts. These devices provided key techniques and theories for studies on farmland remnant plastic film pollution control devices, research and development. For field cleaning and land preparation operations overall design, Pro / Engineer software was used to achieve movement entity model, the test assembly is accurate. Tests showed that the design results are correct, reasonable and working performance is reliable.
Machine transmission pressure angle, remnant plastic film recovery rate, soil resistance, remnant plastic film tensile strength, machinery mechanical reliability and others have fuzzy attributes and fuzzy optimization method and theory was used for design. The design is practical, economical and satisfactory mechanically. Using multi-body system dynamics modeling basic theory, Pro / E and ADAMS software functions, kinematics and dynamic forces analysis, modeling, simulation, the design was carried out. This improved design efficiency and reduced prototype manufacturing costs. Fuzzy optimal design is based on fuzzy mathematics and mechanical design optimization theory to develop new design methods and theories for use in the field of agricultural machinery design. This can solve many traditional design and precision design insurmountable problems. The three basic elements of fuzzy optimal design are objective function, constraint function and design variables. In engineering design these elements are often "vague", therefore using fuzzy method to solving the problem, can be more in line with the actual engineering design optimization results.
The plastic film loosening shovel main function is to collect remnant plastic film from the soil. During operation, it will go down up to 120mm below arable land surface to lift up remnant plastic film, crop residues, soil and other mixed up materials. Some soil is separated through the holes on the shovel and most materials are transported by the scraper conveyor to the back separating sieve . The loosening shovel working speed, soil penetration angle and soil characteristics have enormous impact on working resistance and soil conditions. By analyzing the structure and principle of film loosening shovel working resistance, established film loosening shovel fuzzy evaluation model. In order to optimize the structural parameters and operating parameters, a large number of tests were carried out and concluded that loosening shovel panel best hole size and best working angle areφ66 and 35°respectively.
Remnant plastic film separating sieve device are equipped to clean the field and prepare the soil. During operation, this device will separate remnant plastic film and crop residues from soil then conveyed them to the film box. Through the analysis of separating sieve device structure movement and the plastic film materials on the separating sieve surface movement pattern, a mathematical model was developed for remnant plastic film separating sieve movement. Pro / Engineer software was used to establish remnant plastic film separating sieve 3D model for movement simulation. Through analysis of the simulation experiments and optimizing the separating sieve structural parameters and motion parameters, the rate of remnant plastic film separation rate effectively increased and the separating sieve reciprocating inertial force caused by the vibration decreased. Tests showed that the vibration frequency for remnant plastic film separating sieve has great impact on the rate of separation. At the flywheel speed of 175r/min, separating sieve has better separation ability and the operation is more stable. Tests show that the design is reasonable and the remnant plastic film separation performance is reliable.
Remnant plastic film rake link pole structure is spring-tooth of four-links pole support, spring-tooth is fixed on the links mechanism pole to transport and collect remnant plastic film. Analyzing the spring tooth movement and with the aim of obtaining spring-tooth optimal trajectories, links mechanism structural optimized mathematical design model was established. Fuzzy optimization principles and methods was used for the constraint function allowable pressure angle, spring tooth trajectory maximum height, avoiding spring tooth reverse film allowable angle with fuzzy treatment, established fuzzy optimization model design and use optimal level set to solve fuzzy optimization problem. With known crank mechanism, machine frame and spring-tooth structure size, design calculation revealed that optimal links mechanism pole and optimal rocker links mechanism pole size of 0.39m and 0.385m which is less than the original size by 13.3% and 8.3% respectively. Fuzzy optimal links mechanism design achieved the expected trajectory motion, the operation of spring tooth, its functional position and angle met working requirements effectively preventing remnant plastic film winding and clogging.
Zigzag scraper for remnant plastic film, crop residue and soil transportation devices structure and principles were studied. With scraper set minimum operational energy consumption taken as the objective function, established optimal mathematical design model using optimization calculation to determine scraper structural size, configuration space, the working speed and the working angle for optimal design results. According to the multi-body system modeling theory and using Cartesian system method developed the device system kinematics and dynamic mathematical model with the use of ADAMS software simulation, carried out in-depth analysis of the system movement and kinetic characteristics. From experiments, it was discovered that when the scraper set and shovel locations are not properly arranged, it is easy for loosening shovel soil have sharp increase in working resistance which at serious times lead to operation breakdown. Therefore, through trials confirmed that the best scraper set location to loosening shovel is c = 300mm. Test results show that optimal design result is reasonable, under certain operating speed can completely meet the design requirements and in the testing process no remnant plastic film is wrapped around the scrapper.
To conduct more in-depth studies on farmland remnant plastic film pollution control key technology and equipment, comprehensive use of fuzzy design optimization, neural network, virtual prototyping technology, intelligent design and digital design methodologies and theories are needed. Finally, to conclude the present study results and innovation, areas for further research were highlighted.
研究起膜铲结构原理,分析起膜铲工作阻力,建立了起膜铲模糊综合评价模型。通过试验优化结构参数和工作参数,得出起膜铲面板上孔的最佳尺寸和铲的理想工作角度;分析残膜等物料在筛面上的运动规律,建立残膜分离筛运动数学模型,通过分析与仿真优化分离筛机构的结构参数和运动参数;分析弹齿的运动,建立了搂膜连杆机构模糊优化设计模型,实现了预期的理想运动轨迹;研究齿形刮板式残膜输送装置的结构原理,分析计算刮板组工作行程的阻力、功耗和动能。以刮板组工作行程的能量消耗最小为目标函数,建立优化设计的数学模型,得出刮板的结构尺寸、配置间距、工作速度、工作倾角的最优化设计结果。运用多刚体系统建模理论,建立了该系统运动学和动力学数学模型并进行了仿真,分析了系统的运动规律和动力学特性。通过试验验证,设计合理、理论模型正确。
最后,总结本文的研究成果与创新点,提出了进一步研究方向。
This paper describes the background and significance of the research topic, introduced the source of the research topic and the contents of the research. This work used fuzzy optimization method and theory, multi-body kinematics and dynamics and virtual prototyping technology, method and theory to carry out machine analysis, modeling and simulation. Experimental tests show that the theoretical model is accurate and design results are reasonable.
Due to the lack of appropriate machinery and labor, large quantity of remnant plastic film can not be recycled thereby left as residues on arable land, causing serious pollution to the soil and ecological environment. Depending on the manual use of hand picking of remnant plastic film is labor intensive, work efficiency is low and recovery rate is low, therefore mechanical cleaning of farmland remnant plastic film is the most effective way possible. Based on this, the study of farmland remnant plastic film pollution handling technology and equipment for agricultural production is one of the most important factors for this present study.
As a result of the remnant plastic film contamination of the soil and the environment, foreign countries use less plastic film. The plastic film in use in Japan, the United States and some European countries are generally thicker (0.02 - 0.05mm), the strength is large thereby using roller-type plastic film recycling machine. The main locally developed machineries for mechanical cleaning and recovery of remnant plastic film are film–tearing machine during seedling and spring-tooth film rake after harvest. According to the main working mechanism, plastic film recovery machinery can be divided into spring-tooth, telescopic rake,fixed tilt-tooth, , and a variety of pneumatic equipment. At present in China plastic films (0.006-0.008mm) are in use and remnant plastic films have strong adhesion on the working part, tying and hanging on the teeth, a key technical problem yet to be resolved. During the use of pneumatic method to recover remnant plastic film, it is difficult for the air to separate out plastic films mixed within the soil. Therefore, this study developed plastic films loosening shovel and rake machine structure, zigzag scraper with other new model for remnant plastic film separation and transportation devices. The parts structural principles and trajectory movement design prevented the remnant plastic film from winding around the working parts thereby solving the technical problems of winding around the working parts. These devices provided key techniques and theories for studies on farmland remnant plastic film pollution control devices, research and development. For field cleaning and land preparation operations overall design, Pro / Engineer software was used to achieve movement entity model, the test assembly is accurate. Tests showed that the design results are correct, reasonable and working performance is reliable.
Machine transmission pressure angle, remnant plastic film recovery rate, soil resistance, remnant plastic film tensile strength, machinery mechanical reliability and others have fuzzy attributes and fuzzy optimization method and theory was used for design. The design is practical, economical and satisfactory mechanically. Using multi-body system dynamics modeling basic theory, Pro / E and ADAMS software functions, kinematics and dynamic forces analysis, modeling, simulation, the design was carried out. This improved design efficiency and reduced prototype manufacturing costs. Fuzzy optimal design is based on fuzzy mathematics and mechanical design optimization theory to develop new design methods and theories for use in the field of agricultural machinery design. This can solve many traditional design and precision design insurmountable problems. The three basic elements of fuzzy optimal design are objective function, constraint function and design variables. In engineering design these elements are often "vague", therefore using fuzzy method to solving the problem, can be more in line with the actual engineering design optimization results.
The plastic film loosening shovel main function is to collect remnant plastic film from the soil. During operation, it will go down up to 120mm below arable land surface to lift up remnant plastic film, crop residues, soil and other mixed up materials. Some soil is separated through the holes on the shovel and most materials are transported by the scraper conveyor to the back separating sieve . The loosening shovel working speed, soil penetration angle and soil characteristics have enormous impact on working resistance and soil conditions. By analyzing the structure and principle of film loosening shovel working resistance, established film loosening shovel fuzzy evaluation model. In order to optimize the structural parameters and operating parameters, a large number of tests were carried out and concluded that loosening shovel panel best hole size and best working angle areφ66 and 35°respectively.
Remnant plastic film separating sieve device are equipped to clean the field and prepare the soil. During operation, this device will separate remnant plastic film and crop residues from soil then conveyed them to the film box. Through the analysis of separating sieve device structure movement and the plastic film materials on the separating sieve surface movement pattern, a mathematical model was developed for remnant plastic film separating sieve movement. Pro / Engineer software was used to establish remnant plastic film separating sieve 3D model for movement simulation. Through analysis of the simulation experiments and optimizing the separating sieve structural parameters and motion parameters, the rate of remnant plastic film separation rate effectively increased and the separating sieve reciprocating inertial force caused by the vibration decreased. Tests showed that the vibration frequency for remnant plastic film separating sieve has great impact on the rate of separation. At the flywheel speed of 175r/min, separating sieve has better separation ability and the operation is more stable. Tests show that the design is reasonable and the remnant plastic film separation performance is reliable.
Remnant plastic film rake link pole structure is spring-tooth of four-links pole support, spring-tooth is fixed on the links mechanism pole to transport and collect remnant plastic film. Analyzing the spring tooth movement and with the aim of obtaining spring-tooth optimal trajectories, links mechanism structural optimized mathematical design model was established. Fuzzy optimization principles and methods was used for the constraint function allowable pressure angle, spring tooth trajectory maximum height, avoiding spring tooth reverse film allowable angle with fuzzy treatment, established fuzzy optimization model design and use optimal level set to solve fuzzy optimization problem. With known crank mechanism, machine frame and spring-tooth structure size, design calculation revealed that optimal links mechanism pole and optimal rocker links mechanism pole size of 0.39m and 0.385m which is less than the original size by 13.3% and 8.3% respectively. Fuzzy optimal links mechanism design achieved the expected trajectory motion, the operation of spring tooth, its functional position and angle met working requirements effectively preventing remnant plastic film winding and clogging.
Zigzag scraper for remnant plastic film, crop residue and soil transportation devices structure and principles were studied. With scraper set minimum operational energy consumption taken as the objective function, established optimal mathematical design model using optimization calculation to determine scraper structural size, configuration space, the working speed and the working angle for optimal design results. According to the multi-body system modeling theory and using Cartesian system method developed the device system kinematics and dynamic mathematical model with the use of ADAMS software simulation, carried out in-depth analysis of the system movement and kinetic characteristics. From experiments, it was discovered that when the scraper set and shovel locations are not properly arranged, it is easy for loosening shovel soil have sharp increase in working resistance which at serious times lead to operation breakdown. Therefore, through trials confirmed that the best scraper set location to loosening shovel is c = 300mm. Test results show that optimal design result is reasonable, under certain operating speed can completely meet the design requirements and in the testing process no remnant plastic film is wrapped around the scrapper.
To conduct more in-depth studies on farmland remnant plastic film pollution control key technology and equipment, comprehensive use of fuzzy design optimization, neural network, virtual prototyping technology, intelligent design and digital design methodologies and theories are needed. Finally, to conclude the present study results and innovation, areas for further research were highlighted.
引文
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