健全中小学校园安全机制研究
摘要
中小学校园安全问题是世界各国共同关注的焦点。我国上至党中央、国务院,下至各级各类教育管理部门,都高度重视中小学的校园安全,尽管如此,仍然避免不了一些安全事故的发生。云南省地处西南边陲,经济相对落后,生活条件差,安全投入相对不足,又由于地处高原地区,多高山大河,地形地质条件复杂,其中小学校园安全问题较为突出。本文在借鉴国内外先进经验的基础上,采用行动研究的方法,通过对具有代表性的保山市隆阳区的中小学校园安全现状展开全面调查,明确存在的问题及隐患,并对其原因做出分析。针对总结出的原因,采取一系列对策措施进行干预,经过验证,干预措施切实有效,有一定的借鉴和推广价值。隆阳区的实践证明：建立健全各项机制是做好中小学校园安全工作的关键,同时发现,师生伤亡事故的减少和该地区安全机制的健全程度是成正相关的。因此,为了满足云南省中小学生的安全需要,最大限度的避免和减少校园安全事故的发生,基于隆阳区的成功经验,笔者在第四章对健全中小学校园安全机制做了进一步的探索,以期为县(区)级中小学校园安全管理部门提供有参考价值的信息。
文章具体结构如下：
第一章绪论中提出本论文所要解决的问题,并阐述研究内容、目的和意义、研究思路及所采用的研究方法。
第二章是本文的相关概念、理论及国内外研究综述部分。首先对本研究的相关概念和理论包括安全与安全需要、事故与校园安全事故、安全文化与校园安全文化、行动研究理论和我国现行的安全机制进行概述。然后,再从校园安全管理、校园安全文化、校园安全立法与责任追究、校园安全教育与训练、校园安全问题分析等方面对国内外的研究成果做出综述,同时,发现以某个县(区)为课题点展开行动研究的实证尚无先例,也说明了本研究存在极大的探索空间和价值。
第三章是对保山市隆阳区健全中小学校园安全机制的实证分析。在阐述选点背景和前期准备、基线调研的结果及其原因分析之后,再来论述针对原因采取三个阶段的对策措施进行干预,并通过对措施干预前后全区中小学生伤亡情况、全区教师伤亡情况、全区中小学校园安全事故数及其万人死亡率几个方面的比较分析,验证出干预措施切实有效,值得借鉴和推广
第四章在借鉴我国的安全管理机制、国内外有关中小学安全问题的成功经验和隆阳区实证分析的基础上,笔者从机构和人力保障、安全经费保障、教育与培训制度、风险转移和权益保障等方面对健全中小学校园安全机制进行探索。
第五章陈述了本研究得出的结论,并对进一步的研究提出展望。
Primary and middle school campus security is a focus of attention of the countries all over the world.From China's Party Central Committee and State Council to all levels and types educational management departments,attached great importance to primary and middle school campus security, however, the occurrence of some security incidents still can not be prevented.Especially, Yunnan Province is a plateau region which located in the southwest border, in this area,economic backward,poor living conditions, less inputs in security, landscape and geology result in the security condition of the primary and middle school campus is outstanding.This paper is on the basis of the advanced experience at home and abroad, taking the method of action research,through a comprehensive survey of the Longyang district in Baoshan city, whose primary and middle school campus security is representative,identifying the problems and safety potential,and analyzing the causes.For those reasons,we take a series of countermeasures to intervene.It has been proved that the interventions are effective,and they are worth being learned and promoted.Meanwhile,the practice of Longyang district has proved that the integrity of the mechanism is the key to primary and middle school campus security, and the reduction of teachers and students casualties also has a positively correlated relationship.Therefore,In order to meet the security needs of primary and middle school students in Yunnan Province and to avoid and to reduce the occurrence of security incidents,based on the successful experience of Longyang district, in the fourth chapter the author attempts to explore a set of robust security mechanism for primary and middle schools,with a desire to provide some valuable reference information for management department of primary and middle schools.
The specific structure of this paper is as follows:
The introduction raises the problem to be solved in this paper and describes the research content, purpose and significance,research ideas and approaches of the study.
The second chapter includes related concepts,theories,and domestic and foreign research overviews.Firstly, stating related concepts and theories of the study, including safety and security needs,incidents and campus security incidents,security culture and campus security culture,action research theory and the current security mechanism of China.Then,from the aspects of management, culture,legislation, education and training,accountability, issues analysis of campus security to make a comprehensive description of research results at home and abroad.At the same time, the author find out that there is no precedent with a country or a district as the subject point to make a empirical research.It also shows that the research has plenty of space and value to explore.
The third chapter is empirical analysis of perfecting primary and middle school campus security of Longyang district in Baoshan city. After explaining the background of choosing Longyang district,preparation,the results of baseline survey and analysis the causes,for the reasons to take three stages countermeasures to intervene,and through comparing students casualties,teachers casualties,the number of security accidents and the million people death rate of primary and middle schools in the region.It is proved that those interventions are effective,and can be learned and promoted.
The fourth chapter is on the basis of the current security mechanism of China,the successful experience of domestic and international about primary and middle school campus security, empirical analysis of Longyang district.The author try to explore how to perfect primary and middle school campus security management mechanism from these aspects:the institutional and human security, the indemnity of funds, education and training system,the indemnity of risk transfer and rights etc.
The fifth chapter presents the conclusions of this research,and proposes prospects for further research.
文章具体结构如下：
第一章绪论中提出本论文所要解决的问题,并阐述研究内容、目的和意义、研究思路及所采用的研究方法。
第二章是本文的相关概念、理论及国内外研究综述部分。首先对本研究的相关概念和理论包括安全与安全需要、事故与校园安全事故、安全文化与校园安全文化、行动研究理论和我国现行的安全机制进行概述。然后,再从校园安全管理、校园安全文化、校园安全立法与责任追究、校园安全教育与训练、校园安全问题分析等方面对国内外的研究成果做出综述,同时,发现以某个县(区)为课题点展开行动研究的实证尚无先例,也说明了本研究存在极大的探索空间和价值。
第三章是对保山市隆阳区健全中小学校园安全机制的实证分析。在阐述选点背景和前期准备、基线调研的结果及其原因分析之后,再来论述针对原因采取三个阶段的对策措施进行干预,并通过对措施干预前后全区中小学生伤亡情况、全区教师伤亡情况、全区中小学校园安全事故数及其万人死亡率几个方面的比较分析,验证出干预措施切实有效,值得借鉴和推广
第四章在借鉴我国的安全管理机制、国内外有关中小学安全问题的成功经验和隆阳区实证分析的基础上,笔者从机构和人力保障、安全经费保障、教育与培训制度、风险转移和权益保障等方面对健全中小学校园安全机制进行探索。
第五章陈述了本研究得出的结论,并对进一步的研究提出展望。
Primary and middle school campus security is a focus of attention of the countries all over the world.From China's Party Central Committee and State Council to all levels and types educational management departments,attached great importance to primary and middle school campus security, however, the occurrence of some security incidents still can not be prevented.Especially, Yunnan Province is a plateau region which located in the southwest border, in this area,economic backward,poor living conditions, less inputs in security, landscape and geology result in the security condition of the primary and middle school campus is outstanding.This paper is on the basis of the advanced experience at home and abroad, taking the method of action research,through a comprehensive survey of the Longyang district in Baoshan city, whose primary and middle school campus security is representative,identifying the problems and safety potential,and analyzing the causes.For those reasons,we take a series of countermeasures to intervene.It has been proved that the interventions are effective,and they are worth being learned and promoted.Meanwhile,the practice of Longyang district has proved that the integrity of the mechanism is the key to primary and middle school campus security, and the reduction of teachers and students casualties also has a positively correlated relationship.Therefore,In order to meet the security needs of primary and middle school students in Yunnan Province and to avoid and to reduce the occurrence of security incidents,based on the successful experience of Longyang district, in the fourth chapter the author attempts to explore a set of robust security mechanism for primary and middle schools,with a desire to provide some valuable reference information for management department of primary and middle schools.
The specific structure of this paper is as follows:
The introduction raises the problem to be solved in this paper and describes the research content, purpose and significance,research ideas and approaches of the study.
The second chapter includes related concepts,theories,and domestic and foreign research overviews.Firstly, stating related concepts and theories of the study, including safety and security needs,incidents and campus security incidents,security culture and campus security culture,action research theory and the current security mechanism of China.Then,from the aspects of management, culture,legislation, education and training,accountability, issues analysis of campus security to make a comprehensive description of research results at home and abroad.At the same time, the author find out that there is no precedent with a country or a district as the subject point to make a empirical research.It also shows that the research has plenty of space and value to explore.
The third chapter is empirical analysis of perfecting primary and middle school campus security of Longyang district in Baoshan city. After explaining the background of choosing Longyang district,preparation,the results of baseline survey and analysis the causes,for the reasons to take three stages countermeasures to intervene,and through comparing students casualties,teachers casualties,the number of security accidents and the million people death rate of primary and middle schools in the region.It is proved that those interventions are effective,and can be learned and promoted.
The fourth chapter is on the basis of the current security mechanism of China,the successful experience of domestic and international about primary and middle school campus security, empirical analysis of Longyang district.The author try to explore how to perfect primary and middle school campus security management mechanism from these aspects:the institutional and human security, the indemnity of funds, education and training system,the indemnity of risk transfer and rights etc.
The fifth chapter presents the conclusions of this research,and proposes prospects for further research.
引文
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[6]叶平.走向校本研究.http://www.360doc.com/content/090331/22/102433_2981293.html
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[9]陈保智.安全原理[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1995.5,183
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[12]朱荣莉.浅谈加强校园安全管理的重要意义[J],吉林教育,2007,(10)：9
[13]王遵红.加强学校管理 营造安全校园[J],现代教育科学(小学校长),2007,(4)：36-37
[14]张彤华.坚持人本思想的学校安全综合管理——谈贯彻好《中小学幼儿园安全管理办法》[J],太原大学教育学院学报,2007,(3)：110-113
[15]杨明宏,王德清.危机管理视野下的校园安全问题探讨[J],江西教育科研,2007,(5)：50-51
[16]朱翔天.从文化的内涵浅析校园安全文化及其建设[J],安全生产与监督,2007,(5)：42-43
[17]孙新卿,武林朋.校园安全文化结构及其功能研究[J],河南教育学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,(5)：120-121
[18]黄一宁.论加强民族地区校园安全文化建设的重要性[J],中国教育科研与探索,2006,(3)：14-16
[19]黎霞,李楠.浅析推进校园安全文化建设[J],中国安全科学学报,2005,(11)：49-52
[20]卢鸿芳,徐保卫.四层次构建校园安全文化[J],平安校园,2008,(2)：54-56
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