水泥稳定碎石层刚度控制指标研究
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摘要
半刚性基层由于其建设成本低、具有较高的刚度和较强的荷载扩散能力、良好的水稳特性，从而在我国高等级公路建设中得到了非常广泛的应用。随着龄期的增加，半刚性基层材料的模量和强度也不断变化，导致其顶面弯沉也发生变化。当车辆超重时，半刚性基层沥青路面收到轴载作用更加敏感，所以路面受到的损伤也大得多。如果半刚性基层的承载能力不能满足要求，所以有必要对水泥稳定碎石结构层的回弹模量、回弹弯沉这些刚度指标进行研究。
本文以宁道高速公路项目为依托，从水泥稳定碎石结构层材料入手进行强度等方面的理论分析，一方面对结构层的回弹模量、弯沉等指标通过BISAR等软件进行理论计算，另一方面运用贝克曼梁、承载板对结构层的弯沉和回弹模量进行现场实测，分析不同龄期下结构层回弹模量和弯沉的变化规律。发现回弹模量总体呈增长趋势，但是涨幅逐渐减小而趋于一个稳定值，回弹弯沉则相反逐渐减小。对于水泥稳定碎石材料的底基层和基层来说，发现底基层比基层的回弹模量小。这是因为一方面，基层材料的水泥用量较高，另一方面基层的粗集料相对与底基层来说较多，内摩阻力较大因而能够决定其较高的强度。同时将计算所得指标和实际测量指标进行比较，分析其中的差异性，从而提出弯沉综合修正系数。对于水稳结构层的刚度指标进行理论和实测对比分析之后，结合室内外试验，找出其中的影响因素，进而对施工质量控制提出要求最终达到高速公路的服务质量。
Semi-rigid base due to its low construction cost, with high stiffness and loaddiffusion capacity, good water stability characteristics, has been a very wide range ofapplications in highway construction in China. The modulus and strength ofsemi-rigid base material are changing with the increase of age, varying the flexure ofthe top of surface. Semi-rigid base asphalt road surface are more sensitive to the axleroad when the vehicles overload. Under the same overloaded vehicles, it is affectedmuch more compared to the flexible base asphalt road surface, casing much moredamages to the surface. If the carrying capacity of the semi-rigid base can’t meet therequirement, it’s necessary to explore the stiffness index of modules of resilience andflexure of resilience in structural layer of cement stabilized gravel.
It analyses the strength and other sides commencing from the structural layermaterial of cement stabilized gravel, based the Ningdao highway project. And then,on one side, it conducts the theoretical calculations in modules of resilience andflexure of the structural layer through BISAR. One the other side, it spot test theflexure and modules of resilience through Beckman beam and loading plate, analyzingthe changing rules of the modules of resilience and flexure of structural layer indifferent age. It find that the modules of resilience increases in the mass and come to astable number by cutting down the raising trend. And it also find that the modules ofresilience is cutting down step by step. To sub-base and base of the cement stabilizedgravel, it find the modules of resilience in sub-base is smaller than that in base.Because there are more coarse aggregates in base than those in sub-base, and thehigher inner frictional resistance decide the higher strength. Put forward the flexuremultiple correction factor by analyzing the calculation index and test index. Afteranalyzing the water-stable structural layer theoretical and testing stiffness index,combining indoor and outdoor test, find out the influencing factor, and put forwardthe requirement to the construction quality control to reach the highway servicinggrade.
本文以宁道高速公路项目为依托，从水泥稳定碎石结构层材料入手进行强度等方面的理论分析，一方面对结构层的回弹模量、弯沉等指标通过BISAR等软件进行理论计算，另一方面运用贝克曼梁、承载板对结构层的弯沉和回弹模量进行现场实测，分析不同龄期下结构层回弹模量和弯沉的变化规律。发现回弹模量总体呈增长趋势，但是涨幅逐渐减小而趋于一个稳定值，回弹弯沉则相反逐渐减小。对于水泥稳定碎石材料的底基层和基层来说，发现底基层比基层的回弹模量小。这是因为一方面，基层材料的水泥用量较高，另一方面基层的粗集料相对与底基层来说较多，内摩阻力较大因而能够决定其较高的强度。同时将计算所得指标和实际测量指标进行比较，分析其中的差异性，从而提出弯沉综合修正系数。对于水稳结构层的刚度指标进行理论和实测对比分析之后，结合室内外试验，找出其中的影响因素，进而对施工质量控制提出要求最终达到高速公路的服务质量。
Semi-rigid base due to its low construction cost, with high stiffness and loaddiffusion capacity, good water stability characteristics, has been a very wide range ofapplications in highway construction in China. The modulus and strength ofsemi-rigid base material are changing with the increase of age, varying the flexure ofthe top of surface. Semi-rigid base asphalt road surface are more sensitive to the axleroad when the vehicles overload. Under the same overloaded vehicles, it is affectedmuch more compared to the flexible base asphalt road surface, casing much moredamages to the surface. If the carrying capacity of the semi-rigid base can’t meet therequirement, it’s necessary to explore the stiffness index of modules of resilience andflexure of resilience in structural layer of cement stabilized gravel.
It analyses the strength and other sides commencing from the structural layermaterial of cement stabilized gravel, based the Ningdao highway project. And then,on one side, it conducts the theoretical calculations in modules of resilience andflexure of the structural layer through BISAR. One the other side, it spot test theflexure and modules of resilience through Beckman beam and loading plate, analyzingthe changing rules of the modules of resilience and flexure of structural layer indifferent age. It find that the modules of resilience increases in the mass and come to astable number by cutting down the raising trend. And it also find that the modules ofresilience is cutting down step by step. To sub-base and base of the cement stabilizedgravel, it find the modules of resilience in sub-base is smaller than that in base.Because there are more coarse aggregates in base than those in sub-base, and thehigher inner frictional resistance decide the higher strength. Put forward the flexuremultiple correction factor by analyzing the calculation index and test index. Afteranalyzing the water-stable structural layer theoretical and testing stiffness index,combining indoor and outdoor test, find out the influencing factor, and put forwardthe requirement to the construction quality control to reach the highway servicinggrade.
引文
[1]公路柔性路面设计规范JTJ014-86[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1987
[2]公路沥青路面设计规范JTG D50-2006[S].北京:人民交通出版社.
[3]邓学钧.路基路面工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2008
[4]姚祖康.沥青路面设计指标的探讨[J].中国公路学会2005年学术年会论文集
[5]贾文龙.沥青路面设计与施工中弯沉指标的初探[J].内蒙古煤炭经济.2011(1)：60
[6]姚祖康,对国外沥青路面设计指标的评述[J].公路,2002,(3)
[7]NCHRP. Guide for Mechanistic–Empirical Design on New and RehabilitatedPavement Structures[S], March 2004
[8]Valkering C P, Stapel F.D.R. and Lijzenga J. The SHELL Pavement Design Methodon a Personal Computer[J]. Proceedings of 7th International Conference on AsphaltPavement, Nottingham：ISAP, 1992
[9]Monismith C L. Analytical Based Asphalt Pavement Design and Rehabilitation：Theory to Practice[J]. 1962~1992. TRB1354, 1992
[10]AASHTO 2002 Design Guide, Design of New and Reha-bilitated PavementStructure.2003
[11]Jim MS,Lee KW,Kovaes WD.Seasonal variation of resilient modulus of subgradesoils.Journal ofTransportation Engineering,1994.4
[12]李宇峙,郑建龙,张起森.公路柔规《JTJ014-86》中容许弯沉值的研究[J].长沙交通学院学报,1998,14(2)26-32
[13]周立勋.实测与理论弯沉值的比较及其与综合修正系数F的关系.30-32.
[14]黄晓明,王保龙,庄月明.半刚性基层沥青路面弯沉指标的研究[J].华东公路,1996,(1)：8-10
[15]刘忠根,孟莹琳,白日华等.公路沥青路面动态弯沉与静态弯沉关系研究[J].中外公路,2008,28(3)：47-49.
[16]聂忆华,张起森.全厚式沥青路面结构弯沉设计指标研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(2)
[17]冯光乐,许志鸿,凌天清.半刚性基层施工弯沉检测标准研究[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(2)：156-160
[18]胡春华,孙立军.考虑层厚的路面弯沉修正系数研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(7)：895-898
[19]李凤俊.柔性路面竣工验收实测弯沉与施工验收弯沉的差异分析.道路勘察与设计[J].2002(3)：72-74.
[20]马玉兰.路基路面弯沉验收标准修正方法研究[D].[长安大学].西安:长安大学，2008,95-100
[21]仵卫东.高性能水泥稳定碎石基层研究[D]. [长安大学].西安:长安大学，2006
[22]JTG D50-2006公路沥青路面设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[23]沙庆林.高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面[M].北京人民出版社,1999.
[24]张雪强.水泥稳定碎石组成结构及强度形成机理分析[J].山西建筑,2009,35(9)：168-170.
[25]蒋应军,李明杰,张俊杰,王顺.水泥稳定碎石强度影响因素[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2010,30(4)：2-7.
[26]李明杰.水泥稳定碎石强度影响因素的试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(4)：6-12.
[27]ACI Committee 209,1 998,Prediction of Creep,Shrinkage,and TemperatureEffects in Concrete Structures,Committee Report ACI 209R-92,ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice：Part I
[28]李再新.水泥稳定碎石混合料路用性能及指标相关性研究[D].[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学，2006
[29]中国人民共和国行业标准公路工程无机结合料稳定材料规程JTG E51[S].2009
[30]赵岩.水泥稳定碎石抗疲劳性能因素的灰色关联分析[J].中外公路,2011,31(2)：219-221.
[31]程培锋.路基路面工程[M],北京：科学出版社,2009
[32]中国人民共和国行业标准公路路基路面现场测试规程JTG E60.2008 [S]
[33]王凯.层状弹性体系的力学分析与计算[M].北京：科学出版社,2009
[34]彭加武.厚层水泥稳定碎石基层病害机理分析及处置对策研究[D]. [长安大学].西安:长安大学，2006
[35]欧阳继军.对水泥稳定集料底基层施工技术的探讨[J].建筑工程,138-139.
[36]张卫兵.公路水泥稳定碎石基层施工工艺的探讨[J].科学之友.2008.
[37]李飨民.水泥稳定碎石基层施工工艺[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006.
[2]公路沥青路面设计规范JTG D50-2006[S].北京:人民交通出版社.
[3]邓学钧.路基路面工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2008
[4]姚祖康.沥青路面设计指标的探讨[J].中国公路学会2005年学术年会论文集
[5]贾文龙.沥青路面设计与施工中弯沉指标的初探[J].内蒙古煤炭经济.2011(1)：60
[6]姚祖康,对国外沥青路面设计指标的评述[J].公路,2002,(3)
[7]NCHRP. Guide for Mechanistic–Empirical Design on New and RehabilitatedPavement Structures[S], March 2004
[8]Valkering C P, Stapel F.D.R. and Lijzenga J. The SHELL Pavement Design Methodon a Personal Computer[J]. Proceedings of 7th International Conference on AsphaltPavement, Nottingham：ISAP, 1992
[9]Monismith C L. Analytical Based Asphalt Pavement Design and Rehabilitation：Theory to Practice[J]. 1962~1992. TRB1354, 1992
[10]AASHTO 2002 Design Guide, Design of New and Reha-bilitated PavementStructure.2003
[11]Jim MS,Lee KW,Kovaes WD.Seasonal variation of resilient modulus of subgradesoils.Journal ofTransportation Engineering,1994.4
[12]李宇峙,郑建龙,张起森.公路柔规《JTJ014-86》中容许弯沉值的研究[J].长沙交通学院学报,1998,14(2)26-32
[13]周立勋.实测与理论弯沉值的比较及其与综合修正系数F的关系.30-32.
[14]黄晓明,王保龙,庄月明.半刚性基层沥青路面弯沉指标的研究[J].华东公路,1996,(1)：8-10
[15]刘忠根,孟莹琳,白日华等.公路沥青路面动态弯沉与静态弯沉关系研究[J].中外公路,2008,28(3)：47-49.
[16]聂忆华,张起森.全厚式沥青路面结构弯沉设计指标研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(2)
[17]冯光乐,许志鸿,凌天清.半刚性基层施工弯沉检测标准研究[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(2)：156-160
[18]胡春华,孙立军.考虑层厚的路面弯沉修正系数研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(7)：895-898
[19]李凤俊.柔性路面竣工验收实测弯沉与施工验收弯沉的差异分析.道路勘察与设计[J].2002(3)：72-74.
[20]马玉兰.路基路面弯沉验收标准修正方法研究[D].[长安大学].西安:长安大学，2008,95-100
[21]仵卫东.高性能水泥稳定碎石基层研究[D]. [长安大学].西安:长安大学，2006
[22]JTG D50-2006公路沥青路面设计规范[S].北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[23]沙庆林.高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面[M].北京人民出版社,1999.
[24]张雪强.水泥稳定碎石组成结构及强度形成机理分析[J].山西建筑,2009,35(9)：168-170.
[25]蒋应军,李明杰,张俊杰,王顺.水泥稳定碎石强度影响因素[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2010,30(4)：2-7.
[26]李明杰.水泥稳定碎石强度影响因素的试验研究[J].公路交通科技,2010,27(4)：6-12.
[27]ACI Committee 209,1 998,Prediction of Creep,Shrinkage,and TemperatureEffects in Concrete Structures,Committee Report ACI 209R-92,ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice：Part I
[28]李再新.水泥稳定碎石混合料路用性能及指标相关性研究[D].[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学，2006
[29]中国人民共和国行业标准公路工程无机结合料稳定材料规程JTG E51[S].2009
[30]赵岩.水泥稳定碎石抗疲劳性能因素的灰色关联分析[J].中外公路,2011,31(2)：219-221.
[31]程培锋.路基路面工程[M],北京：科学出版社,2009
[32]中国人民共和国行业标准公路路基路面现场测试规程JTG E60.2008 [S]
[33]王凯.层状弹性体系的力学分析与计算[M].北京：科学出版社,2009
[34]彭加武.厚层水泥稳定碎石基层病害机理分析及处置对策研究[D]. [长安大学].西安:长安大学，2006
[35]欧阳继军.对水泥稳定集料底基层施工技术的探讨[J].建筑工程,138-139.
[36]张卫兵.公路水泥稳定碎石基层施工工艺的探讨[J].科学之友.2008.
[37]李飨民.水泥稳定碎石基层施工工艺[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006.