多源多时相SAR资料反演水下地形的同化模型
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摘要
合成孔径雷达(SAR)是重要的微波传感器之一，在海洋遥感领域得到了广泛应用。浅海水下地形SAR探测是SAR海洋应用的重要部分之一，发展业务化水下地形SAR探测技术是水下地形SAR探测研究的最终目标。现有的水下地形SAR探测是基于单景SAR影像开展的，探测结果不能全面反映水下地形。因此，发展一种基于多源多时相SAR影像的水下地形反演方法是该研究方向的前沿问题。
本文基于水下地形SAR成像机制和袁业立(1997)导出的海波高频谱解析表达式，首次建立了基于多源多时相SAR影像的水下地形反演的同化模型与算法，并通过该模型在台湾浅滩水下地形SAR探测中的应用检验了该模型和算法的可行性。本文还开展了已有的浅海水下地形SAR探测技术(浅海水下地形单景SAR影像反演)在台湾浅滩水下地形探测中的应用研究，以及反演初始水深对水下地形SAR反演结果影响的研究。此外，本文还对中国近海水下地形SAR成像能力进行了分析。
在浅海水下地形SAR探测技术应用于台湾浅滩研究方面，基于7景SAR影像开展了台湾浅滩单景SAR影像反演计算，反演结果表明同一水下地形不同时相SAR影像反演结果不能全面反映真实地形特征。
在反演初始水深对水下地形SAR反演结果影响研究方面，通过不同初始水深条件下台湾浅滩水下地形SAR反演结果的比较分析，可以得出：初始水深影响水下地形反演结果的准确性，初始水深的选取需要较粗的实际水深的支持；
在多源多时相水下地形SAR反演同化模型研究方面，建立了多源多时相水下地形SAR反演的同化模型与算法，通过基于多源多时相SAR影像的台湾浅滩五种不同情形水下地形反演计算，证明了多源多时相水下地形SAR反演同化模型和算法是可行的，并给出了基于多源多时相SAR影像的水下地形反演计算中SAR影像的选取原则。
在中国近海浅海水下地形SAR响应能力分析方面，基于对中国近海潮汐潮流状况、水下地形概况和已有中国近海SAR影像中水下地形特征等的分析，总结出中国近海适合开展浅海水下地形SAR探测的区域主要有：渤海海域、苏北近海海域、台湾海峡海域和南沙群岛海域。
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of the important microwave sensors and it is widely used in the field of ocean remote sensing. Underwater topography detection with SAR image is one of the important applications of SAR in the oceanic research. The final purpose of the research on the underwater topography detection with SAR image is to develop the operational detection technology of underwater topography with SAR image. The existing underwater topography detection with SAR image is based on the single SAR image and the detection result can't reflect the whole features of the underwater topography. So to develop an underwater topography detection method with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites becomes the main work in this research field.
Assimilation model and its algorithm of underwater topography detection with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites was presented in this paper, which was based on the underwater topography SAR imaging mechanism and the representation of high frequency spectra of ocean waves presented by Yuan Yeli, and the feasibility of this model and algorithm was testified by the underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal detection with SAR images by this model. In this paper, the existing underwater topography detection technology with SAR image (underwater topography detection with the single SAR image) was used in the underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal detection, and the influences of initial water depth of the inversion calculation on the inversion results were studied. Furthermore, the imaging capabilities of SAR on the underwater topography in the Chinese coastal areas were analyzed.
As for the application of the existing underwater topography detection technology with SAR image in the Taiwan Shoal, underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal was detected by seven scenes of SAR images, and the detection results showed that the same underwater topography detection results with the SAR images acquired in the different times can't reflect the whole features of the underwater topography.
Concerning the study on the influence of the initial water depth of the inversion calculation on the inversion results, the results showed that the initial water depth should obtained by associating with some real water depth.
With regard to the study on the assimilation model of underwater topography with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites, the assimilation model and algorithm of underwater topography detection with SAR images acquired in the different times and by the different satellites were presented, and the underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal were detected by SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites of five different cases. The results show that this model and algorithm is feasible. The selection principle of SAR images used in the underwater topography detection with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites was given.
Finally, the SAR imaging capability of underwater topography in the Chinese coastal areas was analyzed under the analyses of the status of the tide and tidal current, the features of underwater topography and the information of underwater topography in the SAR images of the Chinese coastal areas. It is concluded that the areas where underwater topography can be detected by SAR in the Chinese coastal areas are Bohai Sea, the coastal areas of Subei, Taiwan Strait and the areas of the Nansha islands.
本文基于水下地形SAR成像机制和袁业立(1997)导出的海波高频谱解析表达式，首次建立了基于多源多时相SAR影像的水下地形反演的同化模型与算法，并通过该模型在台湾浅滩水下地形SAR探测中的应用检验了该模型和算法的可行性。本文还开展了已有的浅海水下地形SAR探测技术(浅海水下地形单景SAR影像反演)在台湾浅滩水下地形探测中的应用研究，以及反演初始水深对水下地形SAR反演结果影响的研究。此外，本文还对中国近海水下地形SAR成像能力进行了分析。
在浅海水下地形SAR探测技术应用于台湾浅滩研究方面，基于7景SAR影像开展了台湾浅滩单景SAR影像反演计算，反演结果表明同一水下地形不同时相SAR影像反演结果不能全面反映真实地形特征。
在反演初始水深对水下地形SAR反演结果影响研究方面，通过不同初始水深条件下台湾浅滩水下地形SAR反演结果的比较分析，可以得出：初始水深影响水下地形反演结果的准确性，初始水深的选取需要较粗的实际水深的支持；
在多源多时相水下地形SAR反演同化模型研究方面，建立了多源多时相水下地形SAR反演的同化模型与算法，通过基于多源多时相SAR影像的台湾浅滩五种不同情形水下地形反演计算，证明了多源多时相水下地形SAR反演同化模型和算法是可行的，并给出了基于多源多时相SAR影像的水下地形反演计算中SAR影像的选取原则。
在中国近海浅海水下地形SAR响应能力分析方面，基于对中国近海潮汐潮流状况、水下地形概况和已有中国近海SAR影像中水下地形特征等的分析，总结出中国近海适合开展浅海水下地形SAR探测的区域主要有：渤海海域、苏北近海海域、台湾海峡海域和南沙群岛海域。
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of the important microwave sensors and it is widely used in the field of ocean remote sensing. Underwater topography detection with SAR image is one of the important applications of SAR in the oceanic research. The final purpose of the research on the underwater topography detection with SAR image is to develop the operational detection technology of underwater topography with SAR image. The existing underwater topography detection with SAR image is based on the single SAR image and the detection result can't reflect the whole features of the underwater topography. So to develop an underwater topography detection method with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites becomes the main work in this research field.
Assimilation model and its algorithm of underwater topography detection with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites was presented in this paper, which was based on the underwater topography SAR imaging mechanism and the representation of high frequency spectra of ocean waves presented by Yuan Yeli, and the feasibility of this model and algorithm was testified by the underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal detection with SAR images by this model. In this paper, the existing underwater topography detection technology with SAR image (underwater topography detection with the single SAR image) was used in the underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal detection, and the influences of initial water depth of the inversion calculation on the inversion results were studied. Furthermore, the imaging capabilities of SAR on the underwater topography in the Chinese coastal areas were analyzed.
As for the application of the existing underwater topography detection technology with SAR image in the Taiwan Shoal, underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal was detected by seven scenes of SAR images, and the detection results showed that the same underwater topography detection results with the SAR images acquired in the different times can't reflect the whole features of the underwater topography.
Concerning the study on the influence of the initial water depth of the inversion calculation on the inversion results, the results showed that the initial water depth should obtained by associating with some real water depth.
With regard to the study on the assimilation model of underwater topography with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites, the assimilation model and algorithm of underwater topography detection with SAR images acquired in the different times and by the different satellites were presented, and the underwater topography of Taiwan Shoal were detected by SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites of five different cases. The results show that this model and algorithm is feasible. The selection principle of SAR images used in the underwater topography detection with SAR images acquired in the different times by the different satellites was given.
Finally, the SAR imaging capability of underwater topography in the Chinese coastal areas was analyzed under the analyses of the status of the tide and tidal current, the features of underwater topography and the information of underwater topography in the SAR images of the Chinese coastal areas. It is concluded that the areas where underwater topography can be detected by SAR in the Chinese coastal areas are Bohai Sea, the coastal areas of Subei, Taiwan Strait and the areas of the Nansha islands.
引文
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