轨道交通工程施工安全监控管理信息系统设计与应用研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的飞速发展,近年来轨道交通建设呈现出建设规模巨大,建设速度快,建设任务繁重的特点。同时在建设过程中由于复杂的地质条件,施工安全问题十分突出。从国内外对施工安全事故的原因调查均显示出其可控性的特点,即绝大部分事故是可以通过技术和管理手段来避免的,因此安全管理的首要任务为转变观念,变被动控制为主动控制,事后控制为预防控制,结果管理为过程管理。
信息技术与工程应用相结合给项目管理提供了新的技术支持,借助科学高效的信息化作业方式实现信息的集中存储、共享及动态的管理,多方协同工作和分散工点的集中控制。安全管理作为项目管理的一个重要方面同样可以借助信息技术的应用预防和减少安全事故,提高管理效率和现代化管理水平。
本文在研究国内外轨道交通工程施工安全管理现状的基础上,以知识管理理论为指导,构建轨道交通工程安全管理的SECI知识转化模型,并进一步提出基于管理信息系统,信息技术集成方法和组织保障的安全管理信息系统逻辑模型,设计开发了轨道交通工程施工安全监控管理信息系统(Construction Safety Monitoring Management Information System for Metro Transit Projects,简称SMIS),结合系统应用提出系统进一步优化的思路和方法,.具体研究内容如下：
第一,SMIS系统功能结构设计。在安全监控管理过程中,包括对基础信息的管理,专业信息的管理和施工安全的动态控制三个方面。其中基础信息多以静态信息为主,表现为对显性知识的获取和存储；专业信息表现为对隐性知识的共享和社会化；动态控制过程管理则表现为知识创新,包含了个人智慧、经验和专业技能。在安全管理的过程中也实现了知识管理的螺旋上升。在需求分析的基础上,将系统功能分为六大中心,分别为系统管理中心,综合管理中心,监测数据管理中心,预警管理中心,安全管理中心与应急联动中心。
第二,为保障系统安全性和实现信息分级管理,用户权限管理采用用户与工点关联,信息与工点关联,用户与信息关联的方式来实现。
第三,运用现有信息技术,通过信息技术集成,完成SMIS系统开发。本系统底层架构技术主要体现在MIS和GIS两部分,均建立在PostgreSQL数据库之上。前台技术通过RIA, XML\Ajax, Mootools\ZK技术集成实现,后台技术主要通过“Struts+Spring+Ibatis”技术实现。系统功能实现不是把各个单项技术简单地联系在一起,而是将各项技术之优点有机集合。
第四,研究了SMIS系统的组织保障。传统的组织模式已无法满足轨道交通工程施工安全管理的要求,本文基于虚拟组织理论,构建了以业主为核心,其余参与方为伙伴企业的柔性管理组织结构,并建议在规划阶段开始引入安全管理咨询单位和保险公司。并进一步提出基于SMIS系统的管理模式和各参与方的安全管理职责,并通过加强合同管理合理分配项目风险。
第五,SMIS系统的实施应用。介绍和展示了系统各种功能的实际应用,根据案例介绍了系统实施应用效果。并在应用过程中提出了系统进一步优化和扩展的设想,重点提出三维可视化和GIS技术在轨道交通建设过程中的信息化应用,包括施工工法的动态可视化,设计信息的动态可视化,施工进度的三维可视化和基于三维GIS的应急辅助决策支持模块的升级,最终与SMIS系统一起集成为满足轨道交通建设全寿命周期管理的轨道交通建设安全管理信息平台。
The characteristics of construction of metro rail transit are that the construction scale is huge, the construction speed is super-fast and it is a heavy task. And it also has to face with a complex surface and underground environment, so the security issues are very conspicuous. The investigation of the cause of accident in construction at home and abroad is indicative of its controllability, that most accidents can be avoided through technology and management methods. So the primary task of safety management concepts have to change, from passive control to active control, from post control to preventive control, from result control to process control.
In recent years, the development of information technology to project management provides a new technical support. So that it become reality of a large amount of a wide range of operations, multi-party work together, and centralized information storage and sharing and dynamic management. Security management as an important aspect of project management can also be help through the application of information technology to improve management efficiency and effectiveness.
In this paper, based on the study of construction safety management of metro rail transit in domestic and international, and under the guide of Accident Causation Theory, Building Lifecycle Information Management(BLM), Computer Integrated Construction (CIC) and knowledge management to research the design and application of Construction Safety Monitoring Management Information System for Metro Transit Projects (SMIS), the main contents are as follows:
First, designing the system function structure through reverse analysis of'from results to reason'. That includes of three aspects management in the process of security monitoring management process which are basic information management, professional information management and construction safety dynamic control. The basic information which is mostly static information mainly manifested as explicit knowledge acquisition and storage. The professional information reflected on the tacit knowledge sharing and socialization. The dynamic control of process management is manifested in knowledge innovation, including the personal wisdom, experience and professional skills. Based on the demand analysis, the system functions are divided into six major centers, the system management center, integrated management center, the monitoring data management center, early warning management center, security management center and the Emergency Response Center.
Second, to protect the system security and implementation classification management of information, user management rights by the following ways:user associated with the work sites, information associated with the work sites and the user and associated with information. And then the management model, management responsibilities and key processes are designed to provide user guides.
Third, completing the development of SMIS system with the existing information integration technology. This system concludes MIS and GIS, which are built on PostgreSQL databases. The foreground development technology include the integration of RIA, XML\Ajax, Mootools\ZK technology, the background development based on the 'Struts+Spring+Ibatis'structure. This system is not simple application of each individual technique, but rather a collection of various technical advantages of the organic.
Fourth, comparing with the design and development of this system, the implement application strategies research is equally important. In this paper, the implement security system conclude the following aspects:the concept of security-establish a safety culture; organizational guarantee-optimization of organizational models; bound to protect-to strengthen contract management and behavioral guidelines-speed up the development of industry standards.
Fifth, the application of SMIS. Introduce the completed system with the background of Wuhan metro rail transit, the system interface, system functions and system features are included. So as to accumulate experience in practice and optimize the system.
信息技术与工程应用相结合给项目管理提供了新的技术支持,借助科学高效的信息化作业方式实现信息的集中存储、共享及动态的管理,多方协同工作和分散工点的集中控制。安全管理作为项目管理的一个重要方面同样可以借助信息技术的应用预防和减少安全事故,提高管理效率和现代化管理水平。
本文在研究国内外轨道交通工程施工安全管理现状的基础上,以知识管理理论为指导,构建轨道交通工程安全管理的SECI知识转化模型,并进一步提出基于管理信息系统,信息技术集成方法和组织保障的安全管理信息系统逻辑模型,设计开发了轨道交通工程施工安全监控管理信息系统(Construction Safety Monitoring Management Information System for Metro Transit Projects,简称SMIS),结合系统应用提出系统进一步优化的思路和方法,.具体研究内容如下：
第一,SMIS系统功能结构设计。在安全监控管理过程中,包括对基础信息的管理,专业信息的管理和施工安全的动态控制三个方面。其中基础信息多以静态信息为主,表现为对显性知识的获取和存储；专业信息表现为对隐性知识的共享和社会化；动态控制过程管理则表现为知识创新,包含了个人智慧、经验和专业技能。在安全管理的过程中也实现了知识管理的螺旋上升。在需求分析的基础上,将系统功能分为六大中心,分别为系统管理中心,综合管理中心,监测数据管理中心,预警管理中心,安全管理中心与应急联动中心。
第二,为保障系统安全性和实现信息分级管理,用户权限管理采用用户与工点关联,信息与工点关联,用户与信息关联的方式来实现。
第三,运用现有信息技术,通过信息技术集成,完成SMIS系统开发。本系统底层架构技术主要体现在MIS和GIS两部分,均建立在PostgreSQL数据库之上。前台技术通过RIA, XML\Ajax, Mootools\ZK技术集成实现,后台技术主要通过“Struts+Spring+Ibatis”技术实现。系统功能实现不是把各个单项技术简单地联系在一起,而是将各项技术之优点有机集合。
第四,研究了SMIS系统的组织保障。传统的组织模式已无法满足轨道交通工程施工安全管理的要求,本文基于虚拟组织理论,构建了以业主为核心,其余参与方为伙伴企业的柔性管理组织结构,并建议在规划阶段开始引入安全管理咨询单位和保险公司。并进一步提出基于SMIS系统的管理模式和各参与方的安全管理职责,并通过加强合同管理合理分配项目风险。
第五,SMIS系统的实施应用。介绍和展示了系统各种功能的实际应用,根据案例介绍了系统实施应用效果。并在应用过程中提出了系统进一步优化和扩展的设想,重点提出三维可视化和GIS技术在轨道交通建设过程中的信息化应用,包括施工工法的动态可视化,设计信息的动态可视化,施工进度的三维可视化和基于三维GIS的应急辅助决策支持模块的升级,最终与SMIS系统一起集成为满足轨道交通建设全寿命周期管理的轨道交通建设安全管理信息平台。
The characteristics of construction of metro rail transit are that the construction scale is huge, the construction speed is super-fast and it is a heavy task. And it also has to face with a complex surface and underground environment, so the security issues are very conspicuous. The investigation of the cause of accident in construction at home and abroad is indicative of its controllability, that most accidents can be avoided through technology and management methods. So the primary task of safety management concepts have to change, from passive control to active control, from post control to preventive control, from result control to process control.
In recent years, the development of information technology to project management provides a new technical support. So that it become reality of a large amount of a wide range of operations, multi-party work together, and centralized information storage and sharing and dynamic management. Security management as an important aspect of project management can also be help through the application of information technology to improve management efficiency and effectiveness.
In this paper, based on the study of construction safety management of metro rail transit in domestic and international, and under the guide of Accident Causation Theory, Building Lifecycle Information Management(BLM), Computer Integrated Construction (CIC) and knowledge management to research the design and application of Construction Safety Monitoring Management Information System for Metro Transit Projects (SMIS), the main contents are as follows:
First, designing the system function structure through reverse analysis of'from results to reason'. That includes of three aspects management in the process of security monitoring management process which are basic information management, professional information management and construction safety dynamic control. The basic information which is mostly static information mainly manifested as explicit knowledge acquisition and storage. The professional information reflected on the tacit knowledge sharing and socialization. The dynamic control of process management is manifested in knowledge innovation, including the personal wisdom, experience and professional skills. Based on the demand analysis, the system functions are divided into six major centers, the system management center, integrated management center, the monitoring data management center, early warning management center, security management center and the Emergency Response Center.
Second, to protect the system security and implementation classification management of information, user management rights by the following ways:user associated with the work sites, information associated with the work sites and the user and associated with information. And then the management model, management responsibilities and key processes are designed to provide user guides.
Third, completing the development of SMIS system with the existing information integration technology. This system concludes MIS and GIS, which are built on PostgreSQL databases. The foreground development technology include the integration of RIA, XML\Ajax, Mootools\ZK technology, the background development based on the 'Struts+Spring+Ibatis'structure. This system is not simple application of each individual technique, but rather a collection of various technical advantages of the organic.
Fourth, comparing with the design and development of this system, the implement application strategies research is equally important. In this paper, the implement security system conclude the following aspects:the concept of security-establish a safety culture; organizational guarantee-optimization of organizational models; bound to protect-to strengthen contract management and behavioral guidelines-speed up the development of industry standards.
Fifth, the application of SMIS. Introduce the completed system with the background of Wuhan metro rail transit, the system interface, system functions and system features are included. So as to accumulate experience in practice and optimize the system.
引文
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