CDMA2000系统核心网QoS功能的设计与实现
摘要
随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,人们越来越期望移动网络可以随时随地为用户提供可靠的服务。不同的用户对网络延迟以及丢包率等方面的要求也不尽相同。如何在第三代移动通信网络中给不同类型的用户提供不同的服务质量,是每一个运营商和设备制造商重点关注的问题。本文设计的硬件和软件模块就是为了实现CDMA2000移动通信系统核心网设备的QoS功能,以满足移动用户的需求。
多核物理单板是核心网设备的基础硬件单元,本文在对其设计架构和工作机制进行分析后,根据3GGP2组织制定的高速分组数据网络QoS架构标准,采用结构化和模块化处理的开发方式,将QoS功能分为用户面、媒体面和管理面三个部分,并分别进行了详细设计和实现。而且在QoS用户面和QoS媒体面大模块里根据各个小模块的处理情况,将相同或相关联的部分功能集合在一起,采用分层模式实现整体的功能。最后在硬件平台上搭建了一个稳定可靠的模拟通信环境,并针对ACL功能和QoS功能设计了相应的测试方法和通过准则,为后续测试做了充分的准备。
With the high-speed development of communication, all users wish to communicate with others at every moment and everywhere. Different users need different delay-time and packet-loss-ratio. Mobile network should provide different quality of service to different users, so how to resolve this problem in the 3rd generation mobile system is an important issue for every carriers and equipment manufacturers. The hardware and software modules designed in this paper are to implement QoS functionality in the core network equipment of CDMA2000 system, so that it can meet the needs of mobile customers.
The multicore board is the basic hardware unit in the core network equipment. In the wake of qanalyzing the design structure and working mechanism, we took the development of structured and modeled way, the QoS function is designed and implemented sepearately in aspects of user side, media side and management side accrording to architechture standard of the QoS Model in HRPD made by 3GGP2 Organization. Regarding user side and media side, we collected the same or relative models and implement the overall function using stratified pattern. At last, we established a stable and reliable simulation environment based on hardware platform, designed the accordingly test methods and criteria against the ACL and QoS function, making completely prepartions for the following test.
多核物理单板是核心网设备的基础硬件单元,本文在对其设计架构和工作机制进行分析后,根据3GGP2组织制定的高速分组数据网络QoS架构标准,采用结构化和模块化处理的开发方式,将QoS功能分为用户面、媒体面和管理面三个部分,并分别进行了详细设计和实现。而且在QoS用户面和QoS媒体面大模块里根据各个小模块的处理情况,将相同或相关联的部分功能集合在一起,采用分层模式实现整体的功能。最后在硬件平台上搭建了一个稳定可靠的模拟通信环境,并针对ACL功能和QoS功能设计了相应的测试方法和通过准则,为后续测试做了充分的准备。
With the high-speed development of communication, all users wish to communicate with others at every moment and everywhere. Different users need different delay-time and packet-loss-ratio. Mobile network should provide different quality of service to different users, so how to resolve this problem in the 3rd generation mobile system is an important issue for every carriers and equipment manufacturers. The hardware and software modules designed in this paper are to implement QoS functionality in the core network equipment of CDMA2000 system, so that it can meet the needs of mobile customers.
The multicore board is the basic hardware unit in the core network equipment. In the wake of qanalyzing the design structure and working mechanism, we took the development of structured and modeled way, the QoS function is designed and implemented sepearately in aspects of user side, media side and management side accrording to architechture standard of the QoS Model in HRPD made by 3GGP2 Organization. Regarding user side and media side, we collected the same or relative models and implement the overall function using stratified pattern. At last, we established a stable and reliable simulation environment based on hardware platform, designed the accordingly test methods and criteria against the ACL and QoS function, making completely prepartions for the following test.
引文
[1]唐晓梅,郭淑明,赵海波. CDMA2000高速分组数据传输技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2007年1月: 7-11.
[2] 3GPP2 C.S0024-0 v2.0. cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , October 2000.
[3] 3GPP2 C.S0024-A v2.0. cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , July 2005.
[4] 3GPP2 C.S0029-A v1.0. Test Application Specification for High Rate Packet Data Air Interface[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , September 2005.
[5] 3GPP2 S.R0079-0 v1.0. Support for End-to-End QoS[S]. www.3gpp2.org , May 2004.
[6] Andrews M, Kumaran K, Ramanan K, etal. CDMA Data QoS Scheduling on the Forward Link with Variable Channel Conditons[R]. Bell Laboratories Technical Report , 2000.
[7] H Zhu, G Cao. A Power-Aware and Qos-Aware Service Model on Wireless Networks[C]. Proceeding of the International Conference on IEEE INFOCOM , March 2004. vol.2: 1393-1403.
[8] IEEE 802.11e/D13.0. Part 11. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer specifications: Medium Access Control Enhancements for Quality of Service[S]. USA:IEEE , September 2005.
[9] Sahu S, Nain P, Diot C, etal. On achievable service differentiation with token bucket marking for TCP[J]. Proceeding of ACM SIGMETRICS , 2000: 23-33.
[10] 3GPP2 A.S008-C. Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session Control in the Access Network[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsga.cfm , August 2007.
[11] 3GPP2 P.S0001-B v2.0. cdma2000 Wireless IP Networks Standard[S]. www.3gpp2.org , September 2004.
[12] R Braden, D Clark, S Shenker. Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview. RFC1633[S].IETF, 1994.
[13] J Wroclawski.The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services. RFC2210[S].IETF, 1997.
[14] R Braden, L Zhang, S Berson, etal. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). RFC2205[S].IETF , 1997.
[15] S Blake, D Black, M Carlson, etal. An Architecture for Differentiated Services. RFC2475[S].IETF , 1998.
[16] J Heinanen, F Baker, W Weiss, etal. Assured Forwarding PHB Group. RFC2597[S].IETF , 1999.
[17] K Nichols, Ciaco Systems, F Baker, etal. Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers. RFC2474[S].IETF , 1998.
[18] B Davie, A Charny, J C R Bennett, etal. An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior). RFC3246[S].IETF , 2002.
[19] Bernet Y, Ford P, etal. A framework for Integrated Services Operation over DiffServ Networks. RFC2998[S].IETF , November 2000.
[20] RMI. XLR Processor Family Programming Reference Manual[Z]. Raza Microelectronics Inc, November 2005.
[21]孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2002年1月.
[22] 3GGP2 P.R0001 v1.0. Wireless IP Architecture Based on IETF Protocols[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgp.cfm , July 2000.
[23] 3GPP2 X.S00l1-004-C. cdma2000 Wireless Wireless IP Network Standard: Quality of Service and Header Reduction[S]. www.3gpp2.org , Aguest 2003.
[24] 3GPP2 C.S0017. Data Service Options for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , March 2001.
[25] Gil Held, Kent Hundley. Cisco Access List Field Guide[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2000, 24-89.
[26] Cisco Systems公司.思科网络技术学院教程[M].清华大学等译.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002年:132-1481.
[27] A Kato, J Murai, S Katsuno, etal. An Internet traffic data repository: The architecture and the design policy[R]. In Proc. Of the INET’99, San Jose, CA, June 22-25 1999.
[28] A K Parekh, R G Gallager. A Generalized Processor Sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: The multiple-node case[C]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking, 1994, 2(2): 137-150.
[29] J Heinanen, R Guerin. A Single Rate Three Color Marker. RFC2697[S].IETF, 1999.
[30] J Heinanen, R Guerin. A Two Rate Three Color Marker. RFC2698[S].IETF, 1999.
[31] B Nandy. A Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker. RFC2859[S].IETF, 2000.
[32]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀. NS与网络模拟[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2003年11月.
[33]林闯,单志广,任丰原.计算机网络的服务质量[M].清华大学出版社, 2004年.
[34] A Demers, S Keshav, S Shenker. Analysis and simulation of a fair queuing algorithm[C]. ACM SIGCOMM’89, 1989.
[35] M Katevenis, S Sidiropoulos, C Courcoubetis. Weighted round-robin cell multiplexing in a general-poupose ATM switch chip[C]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Oct. 1991, 9(8): 1265-1279.
[36] M Shreedhar, Gvarghese. Efficient fair queueing using deficit round robin[C]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking, June 1996, 4(3): 375-385.
[37] M Allman, V Paxson, W Stevens. TCP Congestion Control. RFC2581[S].IETF, 1999.
[38] Floyd S, Jacobson V . Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1993,1(4):397-413.
[39] Cisco Technical papers. Weighted RED[Z]. Congestion Avoidance Overview.
[40] W Simpson. The Point to Point Protocol (PPP). RFC1661[S].IETF, 1994.
[41] D Tse, M Grossglauser. Measurement-based call admission control: Analysis and simulation[R]. In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM’97, Apr. 1997.
[2] 3GPP2 C.S0024-0 v2.0. cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , October 2000.
[3] 3GPP2 C.S0024-A v2.0. cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , July 2005.
[4] 3GPP2 C.S0029-A v1.0. Test Application Specification for High Rate Packet Data Air Interface[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , September 2005.
[5] 3GPP2 S.R0079-0 v1.0. Support for End-to-End QoS[S]. www.3gpp2.org , May 2004.
[6] Andrews M, Kumaran K, Ramanan K, etal. CDMA Data QoS Scheduling on the Forward Link with Variable Channel Conditons[R]. Bell Laboratories Technical Report , 2000.
[7] H Zhu, G Cao. A Power-Aware and Qos-Aware Service Model on Wireless Networks[C]. Proceeding of the International Conference on IEEE INFOCOM , March 2004. vol.2: 1393-1403.
[8] IEEE 802.11e/D13.0. Part 11. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control and Physical Layer specifications: Medium Access Control Enhancements for Quality of Service[S]. USA:IEEE , September 2005.
[9] Sahu S, Nain P, Diot C, etal. On achievable service differentiation with token bucket marking for TCP[J]. Proceeding of ACM SIGMETRICS , 2000: 23-33.
[10] 3GPP2 A.S008-C. Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session Control in the Access Network[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsga.cfm , August 2007.
[11] 3GPP2 P.S0001-B v2.0. cdma2000 Wireless IP Networks Standard[S]. www.3gpp2.org , September 2004.
[12] R Braden, D Clark, S Shenker. Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview. RFC1633[S].IETF, 1994.
[13] J Wroclawski.The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services. RFC2210[S].IETF, 1997.
[14] R Braden, L Zhang, S Berson, etal. Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). RFC2205[S].IETF , 1997.
[15] S Blake, D Black, M Carlson, etal. An Architecture for Differentiated Services. RFC2475[S].IETF , 1998.
[16] J Heinanen, F Baker, W Weiss, etal. Assured Forwarding PHB Group. RFC2597[S].IETF , 1999.
[17] K Nichols, Ciaco Systems, F Baker, etal. Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers. RFC2474[S].IETF , 1998.
[18] B Davie, A Charny, J C R Bennett, etal. An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop Behavior). RFC3246[S].IETF , 2002.
[19] Bernet Y, Ford P, etal. A framework for Integrated Services Operation over DiffServ Networks. RFC2998[S].IETF , November 2000.
[20] RMI. XLR Processor Family Programming Reference Manual[Z]. Raza Microelectronics Inc, November 2005.
[21]孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2002年1月.
[22] 3GGP2 P.R0001 v1.0. Wireless IP Architecture Based on IETF Protocols[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgp.cfm , July 2000.
[23] 3GPP2 X.S00l1-004-C. cdma2000 Wireless Wireless IP Network Standard: Quality of Service and Header Reduction[S]. www.3gpp2.org , Aguest 2003.
[24] 3GPP2 C.S0017. Data Service Options for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems[S]. www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgc.cfm , March 2001.
[25] Gil Held, Kent Hundley. Cisco Access List Field Guide[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2000, 24-89.
[26] Cisco Systems公司.思科网络技术学院教程[M].清华大学等译.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002年:132-1481.
[27] A Kato, J Murai, S Katsuno, etal. An Internet traffic data repository: The architecture and the design policy[R]. In Proc. Of the INET’99, San Jose, CA, June 22-25 1999.
[28] A K Parekh, R G Gallager. A Generalized Processor Sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: The multiple-node case[C]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking, 1994, 2(2): 137-150.
[29] J Heinanen, R Guerin. A Single Rate Three Color Marker. RFC2697[S].IETF, 1999.
[30] J Heinanen, R Guerin. A Two Rate Three Color Marker. RFC2698[S].IETF, 1999.
[31] B Nandy. A Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker. RFC2859[S].IETF, 2000.
[32]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵耀. NS与网络模拟[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2003年11月.
[33]林闯,单志广,任丰原.计算机网络的服务质量[M].清华大学出版社, 2004年.
[34] A Demers, S Keshav, S Shenker. Analysis and simulation of a fair queuing algorithm[C]. ACM SIGCOMM’89, 1989.
[35] M Katevenis, S Sidiropoulos, C Courcoubetis. Weighted round-robin cell multiplexing in a general-poupose ATM switch chip[C]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Oct. 1991, 9(8): 1265-1279.
[36] M Shreedhar, Gvarghese. Efficient fair queueing using deficit round robin[C]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on networking, June 1996, 4(3): 375-385.
[37] M Allman, V Paxson, W Stevens. TCP Congestion Control. RFC2581[S].IETF, 1999.
[38] Floyd S, Jacobson V . Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 1993,1(4):397-413.
[39] Cisco Technical papers. Weighted RED[Z]. Congestion Avoidance Overview.
[40] W Simpson. The Point to Point Protocol (PPP). RFC1661[S].IETF, 1994.
[41] D Tse, M Grossglauser. Measurement-based call admission control: Analysis and simulation[R]. In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM’97, Apr. 1997.