锰不同浓度及其施用方法对大豆氮代谢及产量和品质的影响
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摘要
试验于2007～2008年在黑龙江八一农垦大学林甸县大豆试验基地进行。土壤类型为草甸黑钙土,试验选用EDTA-Mn浸种与叶面喷施处理相结合,以垦农4号大豆品种为主要研究对象,采用大田小区试验,探讨锰营养不同施用方式,不同施用浓度,对大豆的形态生理、氮素营养、氮代谢相关酶活性,以及对大豆产量和品质的影响。本研究为合理地进行大豆的锰营养调控提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:
中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施能够提高大豆株高和增加根冠比,有利于促进大豆植株各部分的干物质积累,高浓度锰处理则表现出抑制作用。不同生育时期各处理间的变化规律存在一定差异。大豆在浸种与叶面喷施处理以后的不同时期内,同化物分配中心不同,前期生长中心为叶,中后期转向茎,后期集中于荚。说明锰能够合理地调动干物质的积累与分配,有利于大豆生育后期籽粒的建成。
中浓度的锰浸种和叶面喷施处理均增加了大豆叶片中可溶性蛋白质、硝态氮及游离氨基酸的含量,到了生育后期浸种效应逐渐减弱,叶面喷施的效果比较显著,且均以中浓度锰处理为最高。中浓度的锰处理对叶片中的全氮含量有增加的趋势,还能够在不同程度上提高大豆根系活力的强度及大豆功能叶片中酰脲含量。
中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施处理能够提高大豆叶片中氮代谢相关酶的活性,其中大豆叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)及蛋白水解酶活性在各处理间达到最大值,且叶面喷施效果较浸种处理显著。谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)变化趋势基本类似,中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施均在不同程度上提高了大豆功能叶片中以上三种酶的活性,而高浓度锰处理均在一定程度上对大豆的氮代谢指标起到抑制作用。
在初花期叶面喷施不同浓度的锰后,叶片中锰含量随着锰浓度的增加而增加。大豆收获后,经不同浓度锰浸种与叶面喷施的种子中锰含量调控效应表现不同,当组合为A4B4时,大豆种子中锰含量为最高。
在田间条件下,无论是锰浸种还是叶面喷施处理,中浓度锰处理均能够改善大豆的产量性状,明显地提高了大豆单株总荚数、单株粒重及百粒重等。锰浸种与叶面喷施对大豆产量的调控表现均以中浓度锰处理为最高,其对产量有促进作用,且与对照达5%显著水平,而高浓度的锰处理则起到抑制作用。在大田条件下浸种与叶面喷施的最优组合为A3B3处理,大豆产量比对照增产达33.32%。
无论浸种还是叶面喷施锰肥,中浓度锰处理均可降低大豆脂肪含量,增加蛋白质含量。叶面喷施锰肥时,中浓度锰处理的蛋白质与脂肪含量与对照均达5%显著水平。当浸种与叶面喷施组合为A1B3时,大豆的蛋白质含量最高,与对照缺锰处理A1B1达5%显著水平,而脂肪含量最低的处理为A1B3,说明中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施组合时可显著的增加大豆蛋白质含量,降低其脂肪含量。
综合来看,中浓度锰处理在改善大豆形态生理和氮代谢指标方面,有显著作用。特别是中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施配合施用对增加大豆产量、提高蛋白质效果最佳。
Between 2007~2008, the research was carried in the study field of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University Soybean Base which lies in Lin Dian County. The soil type is meadow. Taking Kennong 4th soybean variety as the main research material, the effect of different concentrations of EDTA-Mn on soybean growth. The mode of experiment is small region in field and which research the effect of different ways of Manganese, different concentration of Manganese on the formation philology, nitrogen nutrition, key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and the yield and quality of soybean. Through this research, it can improve the scientific evidence for the Manganese nutrition adjusting of soybean. The main research results are as follows:
The middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking or leaf spraying can improve the height of soybean and the root-shoot ratio, and improve the accumulation of dry matter in every part of the soybean plant. But the high concentration of Manganese appears inhibition. The appearance is different in different development stages. In the different growth stages after the treatments of seed soaking and leaf spraying in soybean, the centre of assimilate contribution were different. The growth centre was leaf in the prophase of soybean plant, midanaphase turned to stem, and anaphase centralized in legume. Its manifest that is the mobilization and a reasonable distribution of dry matter by Manganese, and advantage the building up of soybean seeds in the anaphase of growth stage.
Both the middle concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can improve the content of soluble protein, nitrate-nitrogen and free amino acids. The controlling of seed soaking is gradually weaken in the anaphase of growth stage, but the effect of middle concentration of leaf spraying is relatively significant. The middle concentration treatment of Manganese can improve the content of total nitrogen, and it also can improve the root activity and content of ureide in the function leaves.
Both the middle concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can improve the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in soybean leaves. The activity of NR and proteinase reach the maximum among the treatments, and the effect of leaf spraying is relatively significant. The changing tendency of GS, GDH and GOGAT were roughly similar, the middle concentration of Manganese treatment can improve the activities of enzymes above in different degree, but the higher concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can be played a certain inhibition to the indicators above.
After the different concentration of Manganese by leaf spraying, with the raising in concentration of Manganese, with the increasing concentration of Manganese, the content of Manganese in soybean leaves is increasing. After the harvest of soybean, the manifestation of controlling with different concentrations of Manganese by seed soaking and leaf spraying is different in soybean seeds. When the combination of mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying is A4B4, the content of Manganese in the seeds is the highest.
Under the condition of field, both the middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying can change the yield character of soybean. It can improve obviously the number of total legumes, seed weight of per plant and 100-seed weight of plant. The manifestation of controlling with different concentrations of Manganese by seed soaking and leaf spraying result that the middle concentration of Manganese is the highest, and it has a certain promotion to the yield, it arrives 5% significance levels to its CK, but the higher concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can be played a certain inhibition to the indicators above. Under the condition of field the optimal combination of seed soaking and leaf spraying is A3B3 and it can improve the yield 33.32% to the contrast.
Both the middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying can decrease the content of adipose, increase the content of protein. The treatment of leaf spraying arrive 5% significance levels to its CK in the content of protein and adipose. When the combination of mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying is A1B3, the content of protein is the highest and arrive 5% significance levels to the treatments of A1B1. In this condition of A1B3, the content of adipose is the lowest, and it suggests middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying can improve the content of protein, and decrease the content of adipose obviously.
In the general, middle concentration of Manganese treatment has an obvious effect on improving the form physiology and the index which related to nitrogen metabolism of soybean plant. Especially the effect of middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying on the content of yield and protein of soybean is the most obvious.
中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施能够提高大豆株高和增加根冠比,有利于促进大豆植株各部分的干物质积累,高浓度锰处理则表现出抑制作用。不同生育时期各处理间的变化规律存在一定差异。大豆在浸种与叶面喷施处理以后的不同时期内,同化物分配中心不同,前期生长中心为叶,中后期转向茎,后期集中于荚。说明锰能够合理地调动干物质的积累与分配,有利于大豆生育后期籽粒的建成。
中浓度的锰浸种和叶面喷施处理均增加了大豆叶片中可溶性蛋白质、硝态氮及游离氨基酸的含量,到了生育后期浸种效应逐渐减弱,叶面喷施的效果比较显著,且均以中浓度锰处理为最高。中浓度的锰处理对叶片中的全氮含量有增加的趋势,还能够在不同程度上提高大豆根系活力的强度及大豆功能叶片中酰脲含量。
中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施处理能够提高大豆叶片中氮代谢相关酶的活性,其中大豆叶片中硝酸还原酶(NR)及蛋白水解酶活性在各处理间达到最大值,且叶面喷施效果较浸种处理显著。谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)变化趋势基本类似,中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施均在不同程度上提高了大豆功能叶片中以上三种酶的活性,而高浓度锰处理均在一定程度上对大豆的氮代谢指标起到抑制作用。
在初花期叶面喷施不同浓度的锰后,叶片中锰含量随着锰浓度的增加而增加。大豆收获后,经不同浓度锰浸种与叶面喷施的种子中锰含量调控效应表现不同,当组合为A4B4时,大豆种子中锰含量为最高。
在田间条件下,无论是锰浸种还是叶面喷施处理,中浓度锰处理均能够改善大豆的产量性状,明显地提高了大豆单株总荚数、单株粒重及百粒重等。锰浸种与叶面喷施对大豆产量的调控表现均以中浓度锰处理为最高,其对产量有促进作用,且与对照达5%显著水平,而高浓度的锰处理则起到抑制作用。在大田条件下浸种与叶面喷施的最优组合为A3B3处理,大豆产量比对照增产达33.32%。
无论浸种还是叶面喷施锰肥,中浓度锰处理均可降低大豆脂肪含量,增加蛋白质含量。叶面喷施锰肥时,中浓度锰处理的蛋白质与脂肪含量与对照均达5%显著水平。当浸种与叶面喷施组合为A1B3时,大豆的蛋白质含量最高,与对照缺锰处理A1B1达5%显著水平,而脂肪含量最低的处理为A1B3,说明中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施组合时可显著的增加大豆蛋白质含量,降低其脂肪含量。
综合来看,中浓度锰处理在改善大豆形态生理和氮代谢指标方面,有显著作用。特别是中浓度的锰浸种与叶面喷施配合施用对增加大豆产量、提高蛋白质效果最佳。
Between 2007~2008, the research was carried in the study field of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University Soybean Base which lies in Lin Dian County. The soil type is meadow. Taking Kennong 4th soybean variety as the main research material, the effect of different concentrations of EDTA-Mn on soybean growth. The mode of experiment is small region in field and which research the effect of different ways of Manganese, different concentration of Manganese on the formation philology, nitrogen nutrition, key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and the yield and quality of soybean. Through this research, it can improve the scientific evidence for the Manganese nutrition adjusting of soybean. The main research results are as follows:
The middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking or leaf spraying can improve the height of soybean and the root-shoot ratio, and improve the accumulation of dry matter in every part of the soybean plant. But the high concentration of Manganese appears inhibition. The appearance is different in different development stages. In the different growth stages after the treatments of seed soaking and leaf spraying in soybean, the centre of assimilate contribution were different. The growth centre was leaf in the prophase of soybean plant, midanaphase turned to stem, and anaphase centralized in legume. Its manifest that is the mobilization and a reasonable distribution of dry matter by Manganese, and advantage the building up of soybean seeds in the anaphase of growth stage.
Both the middle concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can improve the content of soluble protein, nitrate-nitrogen and free amino acids. The controlling of seed soaking is gradually weaken in the anaphase of growth stage, but the effect of middle concentration of leaf spraying is relatively significant. The middle concentration treatment of Manganese can improve the content of total nitrogen, and it also can improve the root activity and content of ureide in the function leaves.
Both the middle concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can improve the activities of key enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism in soybean leaves. The activity of NR and proteinase reach the maximum among the treatments, and the effect of leaf spraying is relatively significant. The changing tendency of GS, GDH and GOGAT were roughly similar, the middle concentration of Manganese treatment can improve the activities of enzymes above in different degree, but the higher concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can be played a certain inhibition to the indicators above.
After the different concentration of Manganese by leaf spraying, with the raising in concentration of Manganese, with the increasing concentration of Manganese, the content of Manganese in soybean leaves is increasing. After the harvest of soybean, the manifestation of controlling with different concentrations of Manganese by seed soaking and leaf spraying is different in soybean seeds. When the combination of mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying is A4B4, the content of Manganese in the seeds is the highest.
Under the condition of field, both the middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying can change the yield character of soybean. It can improve obviously the number of total legumes, seed weight of per plant and 100-seed weight of plant. The manifestation of controlling with different concentrations of Manganese by seed soaking and leaf spraying result that the middle concentration of Manganese is the highest, and it has a certain promotion to the yield, it arrives 5% significance levels to its CK, but the higher concentration of Manganese with seed soaking and leaf spraying can be played a certain inhibition to the indicators above. Under the condition of field the optimal combination of seed soaking and leaf spraying is A3B3 and it can improve the yield 33.32% to the contrast.
Both the middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying can decrease the content of adipose, increase the content of protein. The treatment of leaf spraying arrive 5% significance levels to its CK in the content of protein and adipose. When the combination of mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying is A1B3, the content of protein is the highest and arrive 5% significance levels to the treatments of A1B1. In this condition of A1B3, the content of adipose is the lowest, and it suggests middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying can improve the content of protein, and decrease the content of adipose obviously.
In the general, middle concentration of Manganese treatment has an obvious effect on improving the form physiology and the index which related to nitrogen metabolism of soybean plant. Especially the effect of middle concentration of Manganese mixed with seed soaking and leaf spraying on the content of yield and protein of soybean is the most obvious.
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