东濮凹陷刘庄地区ES_2～下段层序地层及相控储层预测研究
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摘要
东濮凹陷刘庄地区为典型的陆相盆地破碎断块区,具有断层分布密集、杂乱,断块小而不规则的构造特征,并且储集层具有砂体类型多、单层厚度薄、横向连续性差等特点,储层预测难度较大。进行提高储层预测精度、克服储层地震预测多解性的研究对本区油气勘探开发具有重要意义。
论文针对刘庄地区地质与地震反射特征,综合利用钻井、测井、地震等资料进行了层序地层学、沉积学与储层地质学等方面的研究,并在此基础上结合地球物理方法进行了储层的预测,提出了预测思路:高分辨率层序地层地质分析方法和相干体技术相结合,帮助建立高精度的地层约束模型,提高储层预测精度;综合考虑物源、沉积相等地质条件于测井数据归一化过程,增强测井约束条件的有效性;运用沉积相地质分析结果在反演中作为约束条件,和反演结果相互印证,限制其任意性,增强其合理性,以提高预测结果的有效性。
针对研究工区取得了以下地质认识:
1.区内构造为多期断层发育叠加结果,主要断层始形成于沙三段沉积后期,沙二段沉积期构造发育相对稳定。东营组沉积后期受下部地层上隆抬升作用,构造活动较为强烈,形成两组北东-南西走向、对掉断层,对原构造进一步切割、改造,形成了“凹中有隆,隆中有洼”的复杂断块构造特征。
2.沙一段和沙二段组成一个三级层序,沙三段属于另一个三级层序;沙二下段大致可以划分7-8个中期基准面旋回,沙二上段可以划分为1-3个中期基准面旋回。沙一段大致可以划分出3-6个中期基准面旋回。
3.沙二下沉积期,水流方向多变,物源具有明显的方向性。主要有南部、东部和北部三个物源方向,其中以南部物源为主。沉积环境以滨浅湖和漫溢浅滩频繁交替为主;主要发育洪水水道、水道侧缘溢岸沉积、水道间漫溢沉积、泥质浅滩、砂质浅滩、浅滩砂坝等六种沉积微相。
4.沙二下亚段储集砂体主要为洪水水道砂、砂质浅滩受波浪改造的滩砂,其次为水道侧缘溢岸砂。在纵向上呈现砂体多而薄的特征,第III、IV、V基准面旋回含砂率高,物性较好,储集性能相对较好。平面上砂体展布具有明显的方向性,连续性较差,主要发育南北方向的砂体,主要集中在南部刘16-刘5井区和北部刘20-刘37井区。
5.砂岩的物性较细,处于晚成岩作用A-B阶段。浅灰色粉砂岩、细砂岩为主要储层。砂岩孔隙度绝大部分在5%-20%,集中在8%左右;渗透率绝大部分在0.2-10毫达西,属于中孔低渗、低孔低渗砂岩。砂岩所处的沉积微相和后期成岩过程中的碳酸质胶结是影响其储层物性的两个主要因素。
6.测井曲线中与岩性相关最好的自然伽玛,其次为声波时差、自然电位、视电阻率、深感应。沙三上段、沙二下段灰质含量对砂泥岩分辨影响相对较小,沙一段灰质对储层预测影响较大。
7.自然伽玛反演相对波阻抗反演和井相关程度更高;沙三上段在工区西部斜坡区地层较为连续,倾角较小,反演效果较好、可信度高;沙二下段在断块区断块小而破碎、断层间距小、地层倾角变化大、地震反射同相轴紊乱,反演结果受初始模型影响较大,连续性较差。
8.综合考虑构造解释、沉积相分析、储层反演、物性分析及含油气性分析等结果,沙二下段在刘2井南局部构造、刘16井北区域为相对较好滚动勘探目标,主要目的层段为沙二下II-VI砂组;沙三上段刘28井北部地区为有利滚动勘探目标,主要目的层段为和刘28井4400-4600m层段相对应的层段。
Liuzhuang area is located in the central part of the central uplift, Dongpu depression. It is typically characterized by a broken fault-block zone in which the faults are densely developed with chaotic, irregular distribution features. The reservoirs in this area consist of a lot of different types of sand body, with thin individual intervals and poor lateral continuity so that the reservoir is difficult to evaluate. Thus, improving the accuracy of reservoir prediction and overcoming the multiple solutions of the seismic interpretation is vital important to the exploration and production in this area.
This paper presents an integrated approach of reservoir interpretation according to the research of the characteristics in terms of geological setting and seismic reflection of Liuzhuang area. Detailed sequence stratigraphy analysis, sedimentology interpretation and reservoir geology researches are conducted by using core analysis data, log data, and seismic data, combined with the application of geophysical techniques, an integrated reservoir interpretation method is developed. The practice of this method is given by following steps: using high-resolution sequence stratigraphy geological analysis, associated with coherence technique, a highly precise constraint model of the strata is generated, which improves the reservoir prediction accuracy. Considering the provenance of sedimentary and sedimentary facies into log data normalization process, the availability of log constraint inversion is much enhanced. Using the results of sedimentary facies analysis as constraint factors in the inversion, the results between the inversion and the sedimentary facies are crossly verified in order to restrict the randomicity and enhance its rationality of the inversion. The effectiveness of the prediction results are also improved.
Updated geological understanding of this area is obtained from the multidisciplinary study, which can be summarized as:
1. The structure in this area is characterized by multi-phase faults development and stack. Most of the major faults are formed during the late period of Sha-3 member deposition, and tectonic activity is relatively stable during the Sha-2 member deposition. Influenced by the lower strata uplifting during the later Dongying formation deposition, the tectonic activity seems relatively strong, and two groups of normal faults dipped down closely from each other in NE-SW strike are formed, which resulted in a further cutting and reconstructing to the original structure. Thus, a complex feature in this areaoccurred in terms of“uplift occurring in depression and depression occurring in uplift”.
2. Sha-1 and Sha-2 member are identified as a third-order sequence, but Sha-3 belongs to another third-order sequence. The lower sub-member of Sha-2 can be subdivided into 7-8 middle-term base-level cycles and, the upper sub-member of Sha-2 can be subdivided into 1-3 middle-term base-level cycles. The Sha-1 can be roughly subdivided into 3-6 middle-term base-level cycles.
3. Due to the direction of water inflow changing dramatically during the lower sub-member of Sha-2 deposition, the original sources of this area are obviously direction oriented, and it mainly comes from the south, east and north of the basin respectively, with the south as the dominated direction. The sedimentary environments in this area are characterized basically by coastal shallow lake and overflow shoal changing frequently. Six types of sedimentary microfacies can be identified in this area, they are flood channel deposit, channel edge overbank deposit, interchannel overflow deposit, muddy shallow flat, sandy shoal and shoal sandy bar.
4. The sandstones reservoirs of lower the sub-member of Sha-2 comprised mainly of flood channel sands, beach sands from sandy shoal reworked by waving, and channel edge overbank sands. Vertically, it shows the characteristics of much sand with thin thickness. The intervals deposited during the III, IV and V base-level cycles have a high level of sandstone contents with good petrophysical properties. Horizontal sandstone distribution exhibits an obvious direction but in a poor lateral continuity. The sand body is mainly developed in a north-south trend, mostly concentrated in the Well Liu-16-15 block on the southern part, and Well Liu 20-37 block on the northern part of the Liuzhuang area..
5. The sandstone is in the stage A-B of late diagenesis. The main reservoir in the area consists of the light gray siltstone and fine sandstone, the range of porosity is from 5% to 20%, mainly at 8%. Permeability ranges from 0.2 to 10 milldarcy. The reservoir sandstone is categorized as medium porosity with low permeability or low porosity with low permeability. Two main factors that affect the quality of the reservoirs are sedimentary microfacies and carbonate cementation during the late diagenesis stage.
6. Natural gamma-ray log has the best correlation between the lithology and electric property; it is then followed by acoustic, spontaneous potential, apparent resistivity, and deep induction resistivity logs. The content of marl in the upper sub-member of Sha-3 and the lower sub-member of sha-2 have less influence on distinguishing sand from mudin logging data, in contrast, it exhibits a greater impact on reservoir prediction in the Sha-1 member.
7. Natural gamma ray inversion result exhibits a relatively higher correlation with well rather than acoustic impedance inversion. The upper sub-member of Sha-3 exhibits a better continuity with lower formation dipping angle in the western slope area, and the inversion result of this sub-member has a higher reliability. In contrast, the lower sub-member of Sha-2 in the broken fault block area is characterized by great strata dip changing and disordered phase axis of seismic reflection, thus the inversion result exhibits poor continuity which in turn was largely influenced by the initial model
8. Based on integration to the structural interpretation, sedimentary facies analysis, reservoir inversion, petrophysics analysis and oil and gas bearing analysis, the good targets for progressive exploration and development of the lower sub-member of Sha-2 are considered to be in the south local structure of Well Liu-2 and to the northern area of Well Liu-16, with target intervals being ofⅡ-Ⅳsand group within the lower sub-member of Sha-2. Meanwhile, the target area of the upper sub-member of Sha-3 is located in the northern area of Well Liu-28, with target interval corresponding to the interval with the depth ranging from 4400 to 4600m in Well Liu-28.
论文针对刘庄地区地质与地震反射特征,综合利用钻井、测井、地震等资料进行了层序地层学、沉积学与储层地质学等方面的研究,并在此基础上结合地球物理方法进行了储层的预测,提出了预测思路:高分辨率层序地层地质分析方法和相干体技术相结合,帮助建立高精度的地层约束模型,提高储层预测精度;综合考虑物源、沉积相等地质条件于测井数据归一化过程,增强测井约束条件的有效性;运用沉积相地质分析结果在反演中作为约束条件,和反演结果相互印证,限制其任意性,增强其合理性,以提高预测结果的有效性。
针对研究工区取得了以下地质认识:
1.区内构造为多期断层发育叠加结果,主要断层始形成于沙三段沉积后期,沙二段沉积期构造发育相对稳定。东营组沉积后期受下部地层上隆抬升作用,构造活动较为强烈,形成两组北东-南西走向、对掉断层,对原构造进一步切割、改造,形成了“凹中有隆,隆中有洼”的复杂断块构造特征。
2.沙一段和沙二段组成一个三级层序,沙三段属于另一个三级层序;沙二下段大致可以划分7-8个中期基准面旋回,沙二上段可以划分为1-3个中期基准面旋回。沙一段大致可以划分出3-6个中期基准面旋回。
3.沙二下沉积期,水流方向多变,物源具有明显的方向性。主要有南部、东部和北部三个物源方向,其中以南部物源为主。沉积环境以滨浅湖和漫溢浅滩频繁交替为主;主要发育洪水水道、水道侧缘溢岸沉积、水道间漫溢沉积、泥质浅滩、砂质浅滩、浅滩砂坝等六种沉积微相。
4.沙二下亚段储集砂体主要为洪水水道砂、砂质浅滩受波浪改造的滩砂,其次为水道侧缘溢岸砂。在纵向上呈现砂体多而薄的特征,第III、IV、V基准面旋回含砂率高,物性较好,储集性能相对较好。平面上砂体展布具有明显的方向性,连续性较差,主要发育南北方向的砂体,主要集中在南部刘16-刘5井区和北部刘20-刘37井区。
5.砂岩的物性较细,处于晚成岩作用A-B阶段。浅灰色粉砂岩、细砂岩为主要储层。砂岩孔隙度绝大部分在5%-20%,集中在8%左右;渗透率绝大部分在0.2-10毫达西,属于中孔低渗、低孔低渗砂岩。砂岩所处的沉积微相和后期成岩过程中的碳酸质胶结是影响其储层物性的两个主要因素。
6.测井曲线中与岩性相关最好的自然伽玛,其次为声波时差、自然电位、视电阻率、深感应。沙三上段、沙二下段灰质含量对砂泥岩分辨影响相对较小,沙一段灰质对储层预测影响较大。
7.自然伽玛反演相对波阻抗反演和井相关程度更高;沙三上段在工区西部斜坡区地层较为连续,倾角较小,反演效果较好、可信度高;沙二下段在断块区断块小而破碎、断层间距小、地层倾角变化大、地震反射同相轴紊乱,反演结果受初始模型影响较大,连续性较差。
8.综合考虑构造解释、沉积相分析、储层反演、物性分析及含油气性分析等结果,沙二下段在刘2井南局部构造、刘16井北区域为相对较好滚动勘探目标,主要目的层段为沙二下II-VI砂组;沙三上段刘28井北部地区为有利滚动勘探目标,主要目的层段为和刘28井4400-4600m层段相对应的层段。
Liuzhuang area is located in the central part of the central uplift, Dongpu depression. It is typically characterized by a broken fault-block zone in which the faults are densely developed with chaotic, irregular distribution features. The reservoirs in this area consist of a lot of different types of sand body, with thin individual intervals and poor lateral continuity so that the reservoir is difficult to evaluate. Thus, improving the accuracy of reservoir prediction and overcoming the multiple solutions of the seismic interpretation is vital important to the exploration and production in this area.
This paper presents an integrated approach of reservoir interpretation according to the research of the characteristics in terms of geological setting and seismic reflection of Liuzhuang area. Detailed sequence stratigraphy analysis, sedimentology interpretation and reservoir geology researches are conducted by using core analysis data, log data, and seismic data, combined with the application of geophysical techniques, an integrated reservoir interpretation method is developed. The practice of this method is given by following steps: using high-resolution sequence stratigraphy geological analysis, associated with coherence technique, a highly precise constraint model of the strata is generated, which improves the reservoir prediction accuracy. Considering the provenance of sedimentary and sedimentary facies into log data normalization process, the availability of log constraint inversion is much enhanced. Using the results of sedimentary facies analysis as constraint factors in the inversion, the results between the inversion and the sedimentary facies are crossly verified in order to restrict the randomicity and enhance its rationality of the inversion. The effectiveness of the prediction results are also improved.
Updated geological understanding of this area is obtained from the multidisciplinary study, which can be summarized as:
1. The structure in this area is characterized by multi-phase faults development and stack. Most of the major faults are formed during the late period of Sha-3 member deposition, and tectonic activity is relatively stable during the Sha-2 member deposition. Influenced by the lower strata uplifting during the later Dongying formation deposition, the tectonic activity seems relatively strong, and two groups of normal faults dipped down closely from each other in NE-SW strike are formed, which resulted in a further cutting and reconstructing to the original structure. Thus, a complex feature in this areaoccurred in terms of“uplift occurring in depression and depression occurring in uplift”.
2. Sha-1 and Sha-2 member are identified as a third-order sequence, but Sha-3 belongs to another third-order sequence. The lower sub-member of Sha-2 can be subdivided into 7-8 middle-term base-level cycles and, the upper sub-member of Sha-2 can be subdivided into 1-3 middle-term base-level cycles. The Sha-1 can be roughly subdivided into 3-6 middle-term base-level cycles.
3. Due to the direction of water inflow changing dramatically during the lower sub-member of Sha-2 deposition, the original sources of this area are obviously direction oriented, and it mainly comes from the south, east and north of the basin respectively, with the south as the dominated direction. The sedimentary environments in this area are characterized basically by coastal shallow lake and overflow shoal changing frequently. Six types of sedimentary microfacies can be identified in this area, they are flood channel deposit, channel edge overbank deposit, interchannel overflow deposit, muddy shallow flat, sandy shoal and shoal sandy bar.
4. The sandstones reservoirs of lower the sub-member of Sha-2 comprised mainly of flood channel sands, beach sands from sandy shoal reworked by waving, and channel edge overbank sands. Vertically, it shows the characteristics of much sand with thin thickness. The intervals deposited during the III, IV and V base-level cycles have a high level of sandstone contents with good petrophysical properties. Horizontal sandstone distribution exhibits an obvious direction but in a poor lateral continuity. The sand body is mainly developed in a north-south trend, mostly concentrated in the Well Liu-16-15 block on the southern part, and Well Liu 20-37 block on the northern part of the Liuzhuang area..
5. The sandstone is in the stage A-B of late diagenesis. The main reservoir in the area consists of the light gray siltstone and fine sandstone, the range of porosity is from 5% to 20%, mainly at 8%. Permeability ranges from 0.2 to 10 milldarcy. The reservoir sandstone is categorized as medium porosity with low permeability or low porosity with low permeability. Two main factors that affect the quality of the reservoirs are sedimentary microfacies and carbonate cementation during the late diagenesis stage.
6. Natural gamma-ray log has the best correlation between the lithology and electric property; it is then followed by acoustic, spontaneous potential, apparent resistivity, and deep induction resistivity logs. The content of marl in the upper sub-member of Sha-3 and the lower sub-member of sha-2 have less influence on distinguishing sand from mudin logging data, in contrast, it exhibits a greater impact on reservoir prediction in the Sha-1 member.
7. Natural gamma ray inversion result exhibits a relatively higher correlation with well rather than acoustic impedance inversion. The upper sub-member of Sha-3 exhibits a better continuity with lower formation dipping angle in the western slope area, and the inversion result of this sub-member has a higher reliability. In contrast, the lower sub-member of Sha-2 in the broken fault block area is characterized by great strata dip changing and disordered phase axis of seismic reflection, thus the inversion result exhibits poor continuity which in turn was largely influenced by the initial model
8. Based on integration to the structural interpretation, sedimentary facies analysis, reservoir inversion, petrophysics analysis and oil and gas bearing analysis, the good targets for progressive exploration and development of the lower sub-member of Sha-2 are considered to be in the south local structure of Well Liu-2 and to the northern area of Well Liu-16, with target intervals being ofⅡ-Ⅳsand group within the lower sub-member of Sha-2. Meanwhile, the target area of the upper sub-member of Sha-3 is located in the northern area of Well Liu-28, with target interval corresponding to the interval with the depth ranging from 4400 to 4600m in Well Liu-28.
引文
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