城市轨道交通CBTC系统区域控制器的研究与仿真
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摘要
随着计算机技术、无线通信技术和控制技术的飞速发展,基于通信的列车运行控制系统(Communication Based Train Control System, CBTC)必将代替原有的列车运行控制系统,成为城市轨道交通列车运行控制系统的发展趋势。CBTC系统是连续的自动列车控制系统,其通过高精确度的列车定位技术和双向、大容量的车地通信技术,实现列车按照移动闭塞制式追踪运行,使列车可以以更短的追踪间隔安全运行。移动闭塞技术代表了未来闭塞制式的发展方向,基于移动闭塞的CBTC系统是CBTC系统发展的高级阶段,采用移动闭塞技术的区域控制器又是CBTC系统的地面核心设备,其通过计算并向列车发送移动授权MA来完成安全控车。因此,对ZC子系统进行仿真研究意义重大。
CBTC技术在国外比较成熟,而国内在这方面的研究还处于初级阶段。本论文以城市轨道交通CBTC系统为研究背景,分析了区域控制器在CBTC系统中的作用和地位,对比准移动闭塞,介绍了移动闭塞的工作原理,提出了移动闭塞追踪间隔模型,并通过Matlab仿真证明了移动闭塞可以有效的缩短列车追踪间隔时间,提高运行效率,从而提出了基于移动闭塞的CBTC系统的优势。
ZC作为CBTC系统的地面核心设备,具有列车管理、MA计算及ZC切换等主要功能,本论文在分析了这些功能的基础上,提出了ZC仿真子系统的设计方案,编制了区域控制器功能仿真软件,实现了列车注册注销、列车管理、MA计算及ZC切换等主要功能。同时,实现了车载与联锁子系统的简易仿真,搭建了区域控制器与车载子系统、联锁子系统的通信平台。
本论文在研究了区域控制器工作机理和功能的基础上,重点设计了区域控制器的功能仿真系统。系统仿真采用软件编程的思想,以Visual C++ 6.0作为系统的仿真工具,在Windows平台上实现了ZC子系统的仿真；采用SQL Server 2000创建了ZC仿真子系统的内部数据库,其中包括静态数据库和动态数据库。系统设计的软件架构采用模块化方式,可扩充性强,维护方便。同时设计了简易的车载设备仿真系统和联锁设备仿真系统,采用局域网的方式作为ZC子系统的通信平台,列车可以在该仿真平台上实现注册注销、线路上正常运行、跨区运行,同时还可以实现两车追踪运行。
最后,总结了论文的研究工作,并提出了需要继续研究的方向。
Accompany with the progress of computer technology, wireless communication technology and control technology, Communication Based Train Control(CBTC) has become the trend of urban railway traffic control system, and it is replacing the original train control system stage by stage. CBTC system is independent of railway circuit and realizes train tracing running according to moving block principle, so that the train can run safely at shorter intervals, applying high resolution train location determination and high capacity, bi-directional train to wayside data communications. Moving block technology represents the developing trend of block technology, CBTC-Moving Autoblock System(MAS) is high step of Communication Based Train Control system. Zone Controller(ZC) is the most important part of ground system for CBTC-MAS, which makes the on board equipment control the train safely by calculating and sending Movement Authority(MA). Therefore, simulation research on ZC is significant.
The technological research on the ZC system abroad is mature, while the domestic counterpart is still at the start stage. This paper takes urban rail transit CBTC system as the research background, the function and status of Zone Controller in the CBTC system is analyzed. The principle of moving block is described comparing with semi-moving block, the train following interval model is proposed, this paper also has proved that moving block can decrease the headway and increase the carrying capacity by matlab simulation and proposes the advantages of CBTC-MAS.
ZC, as the most important part of ground system for CBTC, has the major functions of train management, generation of Movement Authority and ZC handover. This paper analyzes these functions, presents the design proposal of ZC simulation system, compiles ZC function simulation software and realizes the main functions of the train registration, train logout, generation of Movement Authority and ZC handover. At the same time, it designs the software of VOBC and CI subsystem simulation, the communication platform with VOBC and CI subsystem is constructed.
According to principle and function of the ZC system, the function simulation system of ZC system is designed. ZC system is designed and implemented with Visual C++ 6.0, based on the Object-Oriented programming, ZC simulation system is completed in the Windows platform; Interior database of ZC is designed and implemented with SQL Server 2000, including static database and dynamic database. The software framework of system design is modular design, good expandability and easy maintenance. ZC operation simulation system is composed of ZC simulation system, VOBC simulation system, interlocking simulation system with Local Area Networks(LAN).In ZC operation simulation platform, user can simulate not only single train operation but also two train operation controlled by ZC.
At last, it summarizes the works of this paper and points out the direction of more studies.
CBTC技术在国外比较成熟,而国内在这方面的研究还处于初级阶段。本论文以城市轨道交通CBTC系统为研究背景,分析了区域控制器在CBTC系统中的作用和地位,对比准移动闭塞,介绍了移动闭塞的工作原理,提出了移动闭塞追踪间隔模型,并通过Matlab仿真证明了移动闭塞可以有效的缩短列车追踪间隔时间,提高运行效率,从而提出了基于移动闭塞的CBTC系统的优势。
ZC作为CBTC系统的地面核心设备,具有列车管理、MA计算及ZC切换等主要功能,本论文在分析了这些功能的基础上,提出了ZC仿真子系统的设计方案,编制了区域控制器功能仿真软件,实现了列车注册注销、列车管理、MA计算及ZC切换等主要功能。同时,实现了车载与联锁子系统的简易仿真,搭建了区域控制器与车载子系统、联锁子系统的通信平台。
本论文在研究了区域控制器工作机理和功能的基础上,重点设计了区域控制器的功能仿真系统。系统仿真采用软件编程的思想,以Visual C++ 6.0作为系统的仿真工具,在Windows平台上实现了ZC子系统的仿真；采用SQL Server 2000创建了ZC仿真子系统的内部数据库,其中包括静态数据库和动态数据库。系统设计的软件架构采用模块化方式,可扩充性强,维护方便。同时设计了简易的车载设备仿真系统和联锁设备仿真系统,采用局域网的方式作为ZC子系统的通信平台,列车可以在该仿真平台上实现注册注销、线路上正常运行、跨区运行,同时还可以实现两车追踪运行。
最后,总结了论文的研究工作,并提出了需要继续研究的方向。
Accompany with the progress of computer technology, wireless communication technology and control technology, Communication Based Train Control(CBTC) has become the trend of urban railway traffic control system, and it is replacing the original train control system stage by stage. CBTC system is independent of railway circuit and realizes train tracing running according to moving block principle, so that the train can run safely at shorter intervals, applying high resolution train location determination and high capacity, bi-directional train to wayside data communications. Moving block technology represents the developing trend of block technology, CBTC-Moving Autoblock System(MAS) is high step of Communication Based Train Control system. Zone Controller(ZC) is the most important part of ground system for CBTC-MAS, which makes the on board equipment control the train safely by calculating and sending Movement Authority(MA). Therefore, simulation research on ZC is significant.
The technological research on the ZC system abroad is mature, while the domestic counterpart is still at the start stage. This paper takes urban rail transit CBTC system as the research background, the function and status of Zone Controller in the CBTC system is analyzed. The principle of moving block is described comparing with semi-moving block, the train following interval model is proposed, this paper also has proved that moving block can decrease the headway and increase the carrying capacity by matlab simulation and proposes the advantages of CBTC-MAS.
ZC, as the most important part of ground system for CBTC, has the major functions of train management, generation of Movement Authority and ZC handover. This paper analyzes these functions, presents the design proposal of ZC simulation system, compiles ZC function simulation software and realizes the main functions of the train registration, train logout, generation of Movement Authority and ZC handover. At the same time, it designs the software of VOBC and CI subsystem simulation, the communication platform with VOBC and CI subsystem is constructed.
According to principle and function of the ZC system, the function simulation system of ZC system is designed. ZC system is designed and implemented with Visual C++ 6.0, based on the Object-Oriented programming, ZC simulation system is completed in the Windows platform; Interior database of ZC is designed and implemented with SQL Server 2000, including static database and dynamic database. The software framework of system design is modular design, good expandability and easy maintenance. ZC operation simulation system is composed of ZC simulation system, VOBC simulation system, interlocking simulation system with Local Area Networks(LAN).In ZC operation simulation platform, user can simulate not only single train operation but also two train operation controlled by ZC.
At last, it summarizes the works of this paper and points out the direction of more studies.
引文
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[3]王晶.城市轨道交通列车自动防护系统建模与仿真实现[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009.
[4]闫志鹏.地铁列车仿真系统研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2006.
[5]Y.Hirao, Y.Hasegawa. Development of a Universal Train Simulator(UTRAS) and Evaluations of Sig-nalling Systems[J]. Quarterly Report of RTRI,1995,36(4):180-185.
[6]IEEE Standard for Communications-Based Train Control(CBTC) Performance and Functional Requir-ements, IEEE Standard 1474.1-1999, Rail Transit Vehicle Interface Standards Committee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society[S].
[7]谢凡.城市轨道交通CBTC系统的数据传输子系统的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[8]杨艳成.基于CBTC的列车自动防护系统(ATP)建模与仿真[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009.
[9]刘晓娟,张雁鹏,汤自安.城市轨道交通智能控制系统[M].(第一版).北京：中国铁道出版社,2008.
[10]舒安洁,李开成CBTC系统信息安全传输的研究[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(7)：44-46.
[11]郜春海.基于通信的轨道交通列车运行控制系统[J].现代城市轨道交通,2007,(2)：7-10.
[12]谢宏诚,乌正康,谢维达.城市轨道车辆牵引仿真计算[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2005,28(5)：20-22.
[13]谢小淞.城市轨道交通列车牵引计算系统的研究[J].交通标准化,2005,(9)：22-24.
[14]M.Lamborn, M.Thomas. Using Fiber Optic-to-Radio Frequency(RF) Conversion for Communication Based Train Control[A]. ASME/IEEE Joint Rail Conference[C]. Pueblo Colorado:Proceedings of the 2005 ASME/IEEE Joint Rail Conference-Research and Testing for Industry Advancement,2005. 181-186.
[15]黄问盈,孙中央.高速列车制动计算中值得关注的问题[J].铁道机车车辆,2006,26(1)：24-27.
[16]D.W.Carr.R.Ruelas, J.F.Gutierrez-Ramirez, H.Saleedo-Becerra. An Open On-Board CBTC Control-ler Based on N-Version Programming[A]. International Conference on Computational Intelligen-ce for Modelling[C]. Mexico:University of Guadalajara,2005.10-11.
[17]Tian hua Xu, Tao Tang. The modeling and Analysis of Data Communication System(DCS) in Com-munication Based Train Control(CBTC) with Colored Petri Nets[A]. Eighth International Sysposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems[C]. China:Beijing Jiaotong University,2007.13-14.
[18]蒋红军CTCS3级列控系统仿真测试平台——车站微机联锁仿真子系统的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007.
[19]赵志,程荫杭.几种移动闭塞系统的比较[J].铁道通信信号,1999,35(12)：25-26.
[20]E.Nishinaga, J.A.Evans. Wireless Advanced Automatic Train Control[A]. Proceeding of the ASME/ IEEE Railroad Conference[C]. Chicago:Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineer,1994.31-46.
[21]谢肇桐.移动闭塞系统[J].铁道通信信号,1996,32(2)：35-36.
[22]周洁,陈衡,Mircea Georgscu移动闭塞的原理、系统结构及功能[J].城市轨道交通研究,2004,7(1)：6-9.
[23]M.J.Lockyear. The Application of A Transmission Based Moving Block Automatic Train Control System on Docklands Light Railway[A]. International conference on developments in Mass Transit Systems[C]. UK:Docklands Railway Management Limited,1998.51-61.
[24]Fei Lu, Mumin Song, Guohui Tian, etal. The Application of Robot Formation Approach in the Con-trol of Subway Train[A]. International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems[C]. China:P-roceedings of the 2006 IEEE/RSJ,2006.5937-5941.
[25]赵明.移动自动闭塞系统基本理论的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,1996.
[26]金娟.基于移动闭塞原理的列车追踪运行仿真[D].成都：西南交通大学,2008.
[27]IEEE Recommended Practice for Communications-Based Train Control(CBTC) System Design and Functional Allocations, IEEE Standard 1474.3TM-2008, Rail Transit Vehicle Interface Standards Co-mmittee of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Society[S].
[28]金娟,杨梅,王长林.基于移动闭塞原理的地铁列车线路通过能力的研究[J].铁路计算机应用,2008,17(6)：7-10.
[29]Tao Tang, Keping Li. Traffic Modelling for Moving-Block Train Control System[J]. International Academic Publisher,2007,47(4):601-606.
[30]张弘毅.无线闭塞中心研究与仿真[D].北京：北京交通大学,2006.
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