黄芪建中汤对大鼠脾虚型慢性萎缩性胃炎干预作用的研究
|
摘要
目的:探讨黄芪建中汤对造模脾虚型慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)大鼠的治疗作用及机制,并为临床应用提供实验依据。
方法:将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:1.正常(C)组:以相同条件喂养6只正常大鼠,作为正常对照组;2.CAG组:6只大鼠长期以2%的水杨酸钠灌胃并结合饥饱失常、劳倦过度的方法致成胃粘膜损伤;3.维酶素(Ⅴ)组:6只已造模大鼠使用维酶素治疗2ld;4.黄芪建中汤(RA)组:使用黄芪建中汤治疗6只已造模大鼠2ld。观察各组实验大鼠的一般状况、血常规、血液和胃液中生化指标、胃肠功能以及免疫功能的变化,运用原位杂交和细胞化学技术分别检测各组大鼠胃粘膜iNOS—mRNA、SDH、LDH、ANAE、ACP的表达量和糖原含量。
结果:与正常大鼠相比,CAG组大鼠一般状况欠佳,体重明显减
Aim To study the mechanism for therapeutic effects of Radix Astragali on the established rat models of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) of spleen deficiency type and to provide the experimental data for clinic.Methods 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1. Control (C) group, 6 normal rats fed under the same condition. 2. CAG group, 6 established rats models of chronic gastritis damaged by long-term oral administration of 2% saccylic acid combined with disorder administration and exhaustion. 3. Vitacoenzyme (V) group, 6 rats models were given vitacoenzyme tablets for 21d. 4. Radix Astragali (RA) group, 6 rats models were given Radix Astragali soup for 21d. The rats behavior, regular bio-markers of the blood sample and gastric juice, immunefunction and the expressions of iNOS - mRNA, SDH, LDH, ANAE, ACP and glycogen were examined by insitu hybridization and cytochemistry in each group respectively.Results When compared with the C group, the features/results were found in the CAG group as follows. 1. The rat body weight was reduced markedly with general weakness. 2. In the blood the content of hemoglobin, Fe, Zn, Mg, SOD, IgG and the clearance of carbon particles were decreased, while the ratio of Cu/Zn and MDA was increased. 3. In the gastric juice the pH value enhanced, the pepsin activity and the excretion of D-xylose declined. 4. The content of SIgA was decreased in the intestinal juice. 5. In the fine structure the gastric mucosae became atrophy and
thinner with obvious erosion and more inflammatory cells. 6. The expressions of SDH. LDH, ANAE, ACP and glycogen were weaker, while the expression of iNOS gene was stronger. There were significant differences in all above parameters between the CAG group and C group, between the RA group and V group. P< 0.05.Conclusions The therapeutic effects of Radix Astragali predominated over Vitacoenzyme and could improve each symptom and sign of CAG almost recover to the normal level mainly through up-regulation of SDH, LDH, ANAE, ACP expressions and glycogen storage; down-regulation of iNOS expression and promotion of immune function.
方法:将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:1.正常(C)组:以相同条件喂养6只正常大鼠,作为正常对照组;2.CAG组:6只大鼠长期以2%的水杨酸钠灌胃并结合饥饱失常、劳倦过度的方法致成胃粘膜损伤;3.维酶素(Ⅴ)组:6只已造模大鼠使用维酶素治疗2ld;4.黄芪建中汤(RA)组:使用黄芪建中汤治疗6只已造模大鼠2ld。观察各组实验大鼠的一般状况、血常规、血液和胃液中生化指标、胃肠功能以及免疫功能的变化,运用原位杂交和细胞化学技术分别检测各组大鼠胃粘膜iNOS—mRNA、SDH、LDH、ANAE、ACP的表达量和糖原含量。
结果:与正常大鼠相比,CAG组大鼠一般状况欠佳,体重明显减
Aim To study the mechanism for therapeutic effects of Radix Astragali on the established rat models of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) of spleen deficiency type and to provide the experimental data for clinic.Methods 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1. Control (C) group, 6 normal rats fed under the same condition. 2. CAG group, 6 established rats models of chronic gastritis damaged by long-term oral administration of 2% saccylic acid combined with disorder administration and exhaustion. 3. Vitacoenzyme (V) group, 6 rats models were given vitacoenzyme tablets for 21d. 4. Radix Astragali (RA) group, 6 rats models were given Radix Astragali soup for 21d. The rats behavior, regular bio-markers of the blood sample and gastric juice, immunefunction and the expressions of iNOS - mRNA, SDH, LDH, ANAE, ACP and glycogen were examined by insitu hybridization and cytochemistry in each group respectively.Results When compared with the C group, the features/results were found in the CAG group as follows. 1. The rat body weight was reduced markedly with general weakness. 2. In the blood the content of hemoglobin, Fe, Zn, Mg, SOD, IgG and the clearance of carbon particles were decreased, while the ratio of Cu/Zn and MDA was increased. 3. In the gastric juice the pH value enhanced, the pepsin activity and the excretion of D-xylose declined. 4. The content of SIgA was decreased in the intestinal juice. 5. In the fine structure the gastric mucosae became atrophy and
thinner with obvious erosion and more inflammatory cells. 6. The expressions of SDH. LDH, ANAE, ACP and glycogen were weaker, while the expression of iNOS gene was stronger. There were significant differences in all above parameters between the CAG group and C group, between the RA group and V group. P< 0.05.Conclusions The therapeutic effects of Radix Astragali predominated over Vitacoenzyme and could improve each symptom and sign of CAG almost recover to the normal level mainly through up-regulation of SDH, LDH, ANAE, ACP expressions and glycogen storage; down-regulation of iNOS expression and promotion of immune function.
引文
1.李桂金.慢性萎缩性胃炎的研究近况[J].中医药信息,1991,8(1):40-43.
2. Genta RM. Helicobacter pylori, inflammation, mucosal damage, and apoptosis: pathogenesis and definition of gastric atrophy. Gastroenterology, 1997, 113(6): 51-55.
3. Xu CP, Liu WW. Follow-up study of chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia. Chin J Digestion, 1984, 4(1): 10.
4. Rugge M, Farinati F, Di Mario F, et al. Gastric epithelial dysplasia: a prospective multicenter follow-up study from the interdisciplinary group on gastric epithelial dysplasia.Hum Pathol, 1991, 22(10):1002-1008.
5. Coma del Corral MJ, Pardo-Mindan FJ, Razquin S, et al. Risk of cancer in patients with gastric dysplasia. Follow-up study of 67 patients.Cancer, 1990, 65(9):2078-2085.
6. Farinati F, Cardin F, Di-Mario F, et al. Early and advanced gastric cancer during follow-up of apparently benign gastric ulcer: significance of the presence of epithelial dysplasia. J Surg Oncol, 1987 , 36(4):263-267.
7.戴自英.实用内科学[M].第10版,北京,人民卫生出版社,1997:1585-1588.
8.查炜,王茵萍.慢性萎缩性胃炎与胃粘膜微循环的相关性研究[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(6):951-952.
9.王仰坤,董荣春,马乃绪,等.慢性萎缩性胃炎组织病理学分型及其意义的研究[J].解放军医学杂志,1993,18(4):288-291.
10.“胃癌早期诊断”上海协作组.上海市9所医院前瞻性胃癌前病变5年随访 研究[J].中华消化杂志,1995,15(5):282-284.
11.鄂征.组织培养和分子细胞学技术[M].北京出版社.1995:74-75.
12.吴景兰,丁一主编.实用非放射性分子生物学实验技术[M].河南医科大学出版社,1997:143-144.
13.张延卓,罗大力,杨宝峰,等.胃宝颗粒对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用[J].中药新药与临床药理,2001,12(1):32-35.
14.张林国,胥庆华.慢性萎缩性胃炎的实验研究概况与分析[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1997,5(4):247.
15. Kishimoto S, Fujimura J, Machino H, et al.Therapeutic effects of oral rebamipide and in combination with cimetidine on experimental gastritis in rats.Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol, 1992 , 78(3):259-277.
16.陈奇主编.中药药理研究方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:1103,
17.吴咸中,高金亮主编.脾虚证的现代研究[J].天津科技翻译出版公司出版,天津,第1版,1992;183-198.
18.吕琳,韦金育,陈永红.壮医药线点灸不同手法对实验性脾虚证的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997,24(8):379-381.
19.张绳祖.全国中西医结合虚证研究与防治老年病会议资料选编[C],1982:240.
20.谢仰洲,陈琦涛,谢宗岑,等.用过劳和饮食失节法塑造大白鼠脾气虚证模型的研究[J].中医杂志,1987,28(5):57-60.
21.沈自尹,王文健.中医虚症辨证参考标准[J].中西医结合杂志,1986,6(10):598.
22.甘庆贤,于辉,宋智敏.胃炎消冲剂对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎模型的实验研究[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(7):1113-1116.
23.丁建民.黄芪建中汤加味治愈萎缩性胃炎[J].四川中医,1990,8(11):22.
24.吕琳,韦金育,陈永红.壮医药线点灸不同手法对实验性脾虚证的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997,24(8):379-381.
25.刘颖,杜仲民,朱逞,等.尿D-木糖排出量测定新方法[J].中国医刊,2003,38(2):48-49.
26.陈奇,邓文龙,张世玮.中药药理研究方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,1(4):757-759.
27.王红梅,马玲.小鼠廓清实验方法的比较[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2000,12(3):3-5.
28.薛彬.免疫毒理学实验技术[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1996:49-501.
29.高岭,赵晨.伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐对大鼠佐剂性关节炎及免疫系统的影响[J].江苏医药杂志,2003,29(6):764-765.
30.金筠芳,梁惠珍,曹翠玉,等.甘蔗多糖的免疫活性[J].中国药理学报,1981,2(4):269-269.
31. Ogmundsdottir HM, Weir DM, et al. Mechanism of macrophage activation.Clin Exp Imunol, 1980, 40(11):223-234.
32.王汝俊,杜群,邵庭荫,等.中药胃炎消治疗大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的病理研究[J].世界华人消化杂志,2000,8(4):382-385.
33.吕琳,韦金育,陈永红.壮医药线点灸不同手法对实验性脾虚证的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997,24(8):379-381.
34.宋伯根,李义清,赵桂芬,等.胃粘膜损伤程度与胃癌发生的关系[J].癌症,1993,12(5):372-374.
35.王茵萍,范刚启,孙茂峰,等.穴注黄芪、当归注射液对实验性慢性萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜屏障的影响[J].广州中医药大学学报,2002,19(9):195-198.
36.谢锦玉主编.现代细胞化学技术及其在中西医药中的应用[M].中医古籍出版社,北京:1998:13-30.
37.李肇特主编.组织化学(内部资料,修订第三版) 1993:37-91.
38.宗士群,初航.脾虚证大鼠模型的实验研究[J].中国医科大学学报,1997,26(2):206-207.
39.王德俊,谢强敏,邓阳梅,等.养胃冲剂对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜的保护作用[J].解剖学研究,2001,23(4):323-326.
40.李克强,段西道,韦晓峰.中医辨证治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎[J].中国中两医结合脾胃杂志,1998,6(3):175.
41.刘启泉,杨翠香,肖彦玲,等.慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医病机研究[J].河北中医,2002,24(6):473-475.
42.吴连恩,杨建平.单兆伟教授治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎经验举隅[J].南京中医药大 学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(4):244-245.
43.赵凌杰,柳凤兰.浅议慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医证治特点[J].四川中医,2002,20(5):16-17.
44.中华医学会消化病学分会.全国慢性胃炎研讨会共识意见[J].胃肠病学,2000,5:77-79.
45.中国中医药学会内科学会脾胃病专业委员会.实用中医消化病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001:192-206.
46.王玲,许超千.潘振伟,等.胃炎消冲剂对水杨酸致大鼠萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用[j].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(6):603-606.
47.刘红春,王红霞,刘旺根.黄芪建中汤抗大鼠脾气虚证实验研究[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2004,39(2):316-317.
48.张兴梅,何希铠.中西医治疗萎缩性胃炎42例近期疗效观察[J].实用中医内科杂志,1995,9(2):29.
49.张斌,高金亮.健脾化淤对脾虚型慢性姜缩性胃炎大鼠胃肠功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1995,3(1):41-43.
50.王付主编.仲景方临床应用指导[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001.334.
51.张清苓.桂枝汤类方剂临床运用的统计分析(二)[J].北京中医学院学报,1994,17(5):16-19.
52.全宏勋,张钦宪.黄芪抗辐射作用的实验研究[J].中草药,1993,8:423.
53.全宏勋,邹丹,胡群员,等.黄芪对辐射小鼠红系造血功能的影响[J].中国公共卫生,2001,17(5):393.
54.王红伟,刘旺根,丁瑞敏.黄芪建中汤对脾虚大鼠血液成分及细胞免疫功能的影响[J].河南中医药学刊,2002,17(6):16-17.
55.李美芬,蒋德昭.黄芪促进小鼠粒系造血[J].湖南医科大学学报,1991,16(2):135-136.
56.谢伯玲,江沛,薛普凤.黄芪注射液对大白鼠骨髓造血功能的影响[J].南京中医学院学报,1988,4(4):41-42.
57.祝晓玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期的影响[J].中药材,2000,23(10):625-627.
58.祝晓玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对贫血小鼠巨核系造血的作用及其机理的研究 [J].华西医大学报,2001.32(4):590-592.
59.高瑞兰,徐从连,金锦梅,等.人参皂甙对正常人和再生障碍性贫血患者造血祖细胞的刺激增殖作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(5):285.
60.刘连升,王玉梅,郭强.黄芪注射液配合环磷酰胺治疗肾病综合征对骨髓和血液系统的影响[J].陕西医学杂志,2003,32(12):1095-1097.
61.赵自明,张迎春.动态观察黄芪对人巨细胞病毒感染的粒—单系祖细胞体外增殖的影响[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(2):338-340.
62.程建峰,张琰,贺建荣.黄芪多糖对小鼠化疗中白细胞和骨髓有核细胞减少的影响[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2003,20(5):378-380.
63.韩晓婷.黄芪和脉络宁注射液对肺癌化疗患者的保护作用[J].山东中医杂志,2001,20(2):85-86.
64.刘雪梅.黄芪注射液在肺癌放射治疗中的应用[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2001,11(8):493-494.
65.洪介民,邱健行,胡祖光,等.黄芪多糖在体内对小鼠CFU-E和BFU-E生成的影响[J].新中医,1998,30(9):35-36.
66.方圣鼎,陈燕,徐小异,等.中药黄芪有效成份的研究(Ⅰ)多糖体的分离、性质及其生理活性[J].有机化学,1982,2(1):26-28.
67.翁玲,刘学英,刘彦,等.黄芪多糖对小鼠骨髓及外周血造血干细胞的增殖及动员作用[J].基础医学与临床,2003,23(3):306-309.
68.张琰,程建峰,贺建荣,等.黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺致小鼠骨髓抑制及毒性的保护作用[J].第四军医大学学报,2003,24(5):447-448.
69.苗健,高琦,许思来.微量元素与相关疾病[M].郑州:河南医科大学出版社,1997.200-204
70. Fisher GL, Byers VS, Shifrine M, et al. Copper and zinc levels in serum from human patients with sarcomas.Cancer, 1976, 37(1):356-363.
71.张春兵,陆为民,顾洪璋.慢性浅表性、萎缩性胃炎与胃癌患者血清微量元素测定及其临床意义[J].数理医药学杂志,1998,11(2):124-125.
72. Azin F, Raie RM, Mahmoudi MN, et al.Correlation between the levels of certain carcinogenetic and anti carcinogenetic trace elements and esophageal cancer in northern Iran.Ecotoxicologh and Environmental Safety, 1998, 39(3):179-181.
73.刘亚明,王世民.九种补阳药中微量元素的比较分析及机理探讨[J].山西中医,1989,4(3):41-42.
74.赵汉芬.锌与三大物质代谢[J].微量元素与健康研究,1996,13(2):63-64.
75.汪丽珠.微量元素与小儿外科疾病的关系[J].中华小儿外科杂志,1992,14(3):47-49.
76.Athar M.微量元素与自由基[J].微量元素与健康研究,1994,11(3):55-57.
77.汪泳,余西林,王宏,等.上胃肠道病患者血胃液中微量元素变化与HP感染的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究.1999,16(11):32,41.
78.陶拉娣,秦绍爱.扶正健脾方对脾虚厌食症患儿微量元素含量及免疫功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(6):429-431.
79.赵光,张玉珍,刘永利,等.实验性脾虚证大鼠血清中微量元素含量的研究[J].实验动物科学与管理.1996,13(1):1-4.
80.曾洪玉,刘蔷霖,李恩宽.健脾方剂与微量元素相关性研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,1994,11(1):42-44.
81. Cohen DI, Illowsky B, Linder MC. Altered copper absorption in tumor-bearing and estroger-treated rats.Am J Physiol, 1979, 236(3):309-315.
82.吴滨,陆琳,闫晓贤.血清微量元素变化与胃癌关系的研究[J].河南肿瘤学杂志,2001,14(3):207-208.
83. Croft DN. Gastritis-cell turnover studies in Turnover SC ed Topicsin Gastroenterology. I. Oxford. Blackwell.1973, 38-40.
84. Hawkin CF, et al. Anemia in digestive tract disorders. In Bockus ML, ed, Gastroenterology, Vol.4, 3rd ed. London saunders.1976, 498-502.
85. GOLDBERG A, LOCHHEAD AC, DAGG JH. Histamine-fast achlorhydria and iron absorption. Lancet, 1963 , 20(1):848-850.
86. Konture SJ. Gastriccarcinoids. Arch Surg, 1995, 130:250-256.
87.晋佳路,刘旺根,王雪萍,等.增力祛疲口服液对游泳致疲劳大鼠骨骼肌和血液生化成分的影响[J].河南中医学院学报,2004,19(113):17-19.
88.刘亚杰,张延巍,严川信.太安对大鼠脂质过氧化及红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].工业卫生与职业病,2002,28(2):87-89.
89.程延安.针灸对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃液总酸度及胃蛋白酶活性影响的研究[J].中国中医药科技,2002.9(6):323-324.
90.魏国娈,刘新生,邵祖燕.五丹胃福汤对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠自由基水平的影响[J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2002,10(6):352-354.
91. Karam SM. Cell lineage relation ship in the stomach of Nor maland genetically manipulated mice. Braz J Med Biol Res, 1998, 31(2):271-279.
92.周平,李和泉,永田博司.丹参提取物F对胃粘膜主细胞的保护作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,1999.15(10):931-933.
93.朱方石,姒健敏,王良静,等.云母颗粒对萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃粘膜主、壁细胞保护作用的研究[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(3):19-21.
94. Lacy ER, Cowar KS, Ling JS, et al. Epithelial response of the rats as tricmucosa chronic superficial injury.Yale J biol Med, 1996, 69(2): 105-108.
95.吴煜,李玉波,尤江云.慢性胃炎脾胃气虚证气滞证与主壁细胞超微结果关系的研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(8):476-477.
96.邓伟民,梁超杨,许鑫梅,等.消胀冲剂治疗大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的实验研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,1998,15(3):200-201.
97.黎君友,孙丹.吕艺,等.脓毒症大鼠小肠功能变化的研究[J].中国危重病急救医学,2004,16(6):352-354.
98.李镤,贺先奇,王兰香,等.慢性胃炎及消化性溃疡病患者的D-木糖排泄系数观察[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1999,7(3):136.
99.张文高.29例健康老年人木糖排泄系数与脾虚证的关系[J].中西医结合杂志,1983,3(4):231-232.
100.周建伟,张凡,肖鸣.药条灸对脾虚证患者血清胃泌素D-木糖排泄率及T细胞亚群的影响[J].中国针灸,1998,(1):15-17.
101.陈淑芬.脾虚证与血清胃泌素、D—木糖排泄率及T细胞亚群的关系探讨[J].四川中医,1999,17(1]):6-7.
102.中华人民共和国卫生部药政局.中药治疗脾虚的临床研究指导原则[J].中国医药学报,1988,3(5):71-73.
103.邝安坤.中西医结合研究丛书.虚证研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1991.118-120
104.王建华,劳绍贤,王汝俊,等.30年来中医脾胃学说研究的启示[J].广州中医药大学学报,2004,21(5):340-343.
105.周礼卿.脾虚患者小肠吸收、胰外分泌功能的同步观察[J].广州中医药大学学报,1986,3(4):41-42.
106.崔云龙.一种血清(尿)木糖测定法[J].临床检验杂志,1986,4(3):78.
107. Eberts TJ, Sample HR, Gliek MR, et al. A simplified colorimetric micromethod for xylose ANAE rumor urine with phloroglucinol. Chin Chemistry, 1979, 25:1440-1443.
108.金敬善.尿中D-木糖的简易测定方法[J].中华医学检验杂志,1987,2(2):91.
109.李幼生,刘放南,盛学勤,等.血清或尿液木糖快速测定及应用[J].陕西医学检验,1995,10(2):1-2.
110.俞庆宪,夏德全.肠易激综合征尿D-木糖排出率[J].上海医科大学学报,1997,24(1):10.
111.Li JY, Sun D,Experimental study of gut absorptive capacity after auma detected by Dxylose content test with micromethod.ChinJ Clin Rehabil,2003, 7(4):2810-2811.
112.朱忠勇主编.实用医学检验学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1992 434.
113.刘放南,罗楠,谭力,等.高效液相色谱法测定成人肠吸收试验中D-木糖的正常值[J].肠外与肠内营养,2004,11(3):481-483.
114.宗士群,李桐.香砂六君子汤治疗脾虚性慢性结肠炎30例临床观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,1992,(增刊):66-67.
115.李晓霞,李德新.脾气虚与Na~+,K~+-ATPase的活性的观察[J].中国医药学报,1996,11(2):48.
116.章梅,夏天,张仲海.脾虚小鼠红细胞免疫和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能改变的实验研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1999,22(3):26-27.
117.王运平,李波清,邱世翠.脾虚小鼠免疫功能的探讨[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1998,6(1):34-36
118.吕琳,陈永红,韦金育,等.壮医药线点灸对脾虚大鼠淋巴细胞转化率及红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].广西中医药,2001,24(2):48-50.
119.许长照,张瑜瑶.祁白术治疗脾虚证小鼠对消化器官组化和超微结构的影响 [J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2001,9(5):268-271.
120.陈永辉.健脾止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2001,9(2):90-91.
121.章梅,夏天,颜真,等.四君子汤对脾虚患者外周血单个核细胞IL-6 mRNA表达的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2000,20(9):671-672.
122.崔瑾,欧桂珍,杨涛,等.穴位埋线对脾虚大鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].中国医药学报,1999,14(6):14-16.
123.佟丽,陈江华,陈育尧.牡蛎提取物对脾虚模型小鼠免疫功能的影响及抗应激反应的实验研究[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1998,10(5):306-309.
124.周爱香,李小芹,郭淑英,等.益气生血片对脾虚动物造血和免疫功能的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2002,13(2):95-97.
125.李雁,闫晓天.益中蠲毒浓缩丸对脾虚小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2001,9(2):79-80.
126.吴敏毓,刘荣植.医学免疫学[M].第1版.合肥:中国科技大出版社.1993:191.
127. Boyd RL, Tucek CL, Godfrey DI, et al. The thymic microenvironment. Immunol Today, 1993, 14(9):445-459.
128.亓红娟,李万岭,曹强庚.胸腺及胸腺肽研究进展[J].社区医学杂志,2005,3(1):27-28.
129.邓保国,孙翔,宋向凤.肝复新口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].新乡医学院学报,2003,20(2):91-94.
130.高丽松,曾凡潘,宁榴贤,等.处理党参药液对小白鼠碳粒廓清功能影响的研究[J].生物磁学,2004,4(4):1-4.
131.胡丽娜,陈汉平,李文.针刺对人体免疫机能影响的腧穴特异性研究[J].江苏中医,1996,17(2),20-23.
132.田伟明,郭海牛,任汉阳.消疽散对巨噬细胞吞噬功能影响的实验研究[J].中医正骨,1993,5(3):3-5.
133.刘振英,戴祖玉,周娥月,等.磁水对小鼠固定巨噬细胞碳粒廓清功能的影响[J].兰州医学院学报,1987,13(2):16-18.
134.上海医学化验所主编.临床免疫学检验[M].上海:上海科技出版社,19R3.124-126.
135.夏晓红.小儿疳证免疫相关因素分析及针灸治疗[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(3):445-450.
136.徐世军,代渊,张三印,等.益气增液颗粒对脾虚SD大鼠胃肠粘膜分泌及免疫功能影响的初步研究[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20[J]:20-21.
137.陈治水.健脾灵对脾虚大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].四川中医,1989,7(10):8-9.
138.朱伟光.健康成人与脾虚泄患者分泌型免疫球蛋白(SIgA)测定的观察[J].湖南中医杂志,1988,4(2):51-52.
139.黎世尧,王再谟,周邦靖.脾虚泄泻患者粪便分泌性IgA的研究[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1991,3(1):37-38.
140. Jarris J. Fsttolowcrans formation in stimulation Rat. Muscle nerve, 1996, 19(11):1469-1475.
141.陈群,刘亚梅,徐志伟,等.实热证、虚热证模型大鼠肝细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶活性研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(5):48-49.
142.陈啸梅,周文郁,彭俊云.组织化学手册[M].第一版.人民卫生出版社,北京:1982:147.
143.姜妙娜.肝细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶活力检测条件的探讨[J].大连医学院学报,1991,13(1):76-77.
144.修宗昌,余绍源,尚文.脾虚证与酶学相关性研究概述[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(8):79-82.
145.路瑛丽,冯连世.低氧训练对有氧代谢酶影响的研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2005,24(2):195-198.
146.须育方.生物化学教程[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1988:123-126.
147.杨维益,梁嵘,杨敏,等.健脾理气法对骨骼肌能量代谢影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,1994,13(1):28-31.
148,夏青,陈东,董智勇.混合稀土常乐对大鼠肝脏酶组织化学活性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(1):20-22.
149.李乐红.“脾气虚”大鼠骨骼肌细胞化学研究[J].中国医药学报,1990,5(5):16-18.
150.易崇勤,叶百宽,金敬善,等.四君子汤对脾虚大鼠胃粘膜细胞酶组织化学及血浆胃肠激素的影响[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20(6):31-34.
151.王清云,孙红光,赵君玫,等.脾胃气虚胃脐痛各兼证的生化基础[J].河南中医,1986,1(3):6-8.
152.李振华.脾胃气虚本质的研究[J].河南中医,1986,1(3):1-3.
153.孙恩亭,谢锦玉,李乐红,等.脾气虚大鼠骨骼肌中某些元素及能量的变化[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1993,13(12):736-737.
154.李玲风,王秀琴,杨进,等.大鼠实验性脾虚证小肠粘膜吸收细胞酶组织化学变化[J].首都医学院学报,1992,13(1):87-88.
155.熊海,张澄波.“脾主运化”的生化研究[J].首都医学院学报,1989,10(1):19-21.
156.王秀琴,曾晓蓓,季凤清,等,实验性脾虚证大鼠肝细胞组织化学变化的研究[J].解剖学杂志,1999,22(1):11-17.
157.陈啸梅,周文郁,彭俊云.组织化学手册[M],第一版.人民卫生出版社,北京,1982:175.
158.周小青,等.常见舌苔上皮细胞化学的定性、定量研究[J].中国中医药科技,1994,1(4):2-7.
159.吴建红,郭振球.晚期血吸虫病性肝硬化虚实证舌苔细胞酶定量初探[J].湖北中医杂志,1994,16(6):48-49.
160.谢锦玉主编.现代细胞化学技术及其在中西医药中的应用[M].中医古籍出版社,北京.1998:72.
161. Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, et al. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ Res, 1987 , 61(6):866-879.
162. Antos D, Enders G, Rieder G, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression before and after eradication of Helicobacterpy-lori in different forms of gastritis. Immunol Med Microbiol, 2001, 30(2):127-131.
163. Sessa WC, Harrison JK, uthin DR, et al. Genomic analysis and expression patterns reveal distinct genes for endothelial and brain nitric oxide synthase Hypertension, 1993, 21(6Pt2):934-938.
164. Mac Micking J, Xie QW, Nathan C. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol, 1997, 15:323-328.
165. de Vera ME, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, et al. Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene by cytokines: initial analysis of the human NOS2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996, 93(3):1054-1059.
166. Akimoto M, Hashimoto H, Shigemoto M, et al. Changes of nitric oxide and growth factors during gastric ulcer healing. Cardio-vasc Pharmacol, 2000, 365(Suppl1):282-285.
167. Zhang X, Ruiz B, Correa P, et al. Cellular dissociation of NF-kappa Band inducible nitric oxide synthase in Helicobacterpy-lori infection. Free Radio Biol Med, 2000, 29(6):730-735.
168.蔡东霞,黄月红,卢贤立.等.幽门螺杆菌感染者胃粘膜NOS、胃液NO的变化及意义[J].福建医科大学学报,2003,37(2):169-170.
169. Culotta E, Koshland DE. Molecular of the year-NO news is good news. Science, 1992, 258(13):1861-1865.
170. Gross SS, Wolin MS. Nitric oxide:pathophysiological mechanisms. Ann Rev Physiol, 1995, 57(3):737-769.
171. Fumess JB, Li ZS, Young HM, Judith A. Nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system of the guinea-pig: a quantitative description. Cell Tissue Res, 1994;277:139-145.
172. Takanashi M, Ikeda U, Masuyama J, et al. Nitric oxide at tenuate sadher Sion molecule expres Sion in human endothelial cells. Cytokine, 1996, 8(3):817-821.
173.杨小平,李今.硫代乙酰胺诱导肝硬变门脉高压大鼠肝组织一氧化氮、透明质酸和CD44水平变化实验研究[J].陕西医学杂志,2003,32(10):926-928.
174. Clancy RM, Levartovsky D, Leszczynska-Piziak J, et al. Nitric oxide reacts with intracellular glutathione and activates the hexose monophosphate shunt in human neutrophils: evidence for S-nitrosoglutathione as a bioactive "intermediary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1994 , 91(9):3680-3684.
175. Konturek SK, Konturek PC. Role of nitric oxide in the digestive system. Digestion, 1995, 56(1):1-5.
176. Faruqi R, de la Motte C, DiCorleto PE. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1994 , 94(2):592-600.
177.蔡东霞,黄月红,卢贤立,等.幽门螺杆菌感染者胃粘膜NOS、胃液NO的变化及意义[J].福建医科大学学报,2003,37(2):169-170.
178.王一菱,郑乃刚,吴景兰,等.针刺对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的热休克蛋白、诱导性一氧化氮合酶及其基因表达的效应[J].解剖学报.1999,30(3):279-281.
179. Lamarque D, Kiss J, Tankovic J, et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in vivo and cell injury in rat duodenal epithelium by a water soluble extract of helicobacterpylori. BrJP harmacol, 1998, 13(9):1073-1076.
180. Danner RL. Nitric oxide. A therapeutic target in ANAEpsis. Am Intern Med, 1994, 120(11):778-781.
181. Nguyen T, Brunson D, GeSICL. DNA damage and mutation in human cell sex posed to nitric oxide invitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1992, 89(3):3030-3034.
182. Whittle BJR. Neuronal and Endothelium derived media torsin the modulation NO the gastic microcirculation:integrity in the balance. Br J pharmacol., 1993, 110(1):3-17.
183. Wink DA, Hanbauer I, Krishna MC, et al. Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1993 , 90(21):9813-9817.
184. Masuda E, Kawano S, Nagano K, et al. Endogenous nitric oxide modulates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Gastroenterology, 1995, 108(1):58-64.
185. Karmeli F, Okon E and Rachmile witz D. Sulphydryl blocker induced gastric damage is ameliorated by scavenging of free radicals. Gut, 1996 , 38(6):826-831.
186.李春艳,刘丽娜,吕申,等.一氧化氮、内皮素及氧自由基对大鼠酒精性胃损害的作用研究[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2000,9(1):15-17.
187. Konturek SK, Konturek PC. Role of nitric oxide in the digestive system Digestion, 1995, 56(1):1-13.
188. Rodella L, Razzani R, Agostini C, et al. Induction of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the rat periaqueductal gray matter after nociceptive visceral stimulation. Brain Res, 1998, 793(1-2):333-336.
189.许冠荪,裴文芬,王月房,等.艾灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与一氧化氮的关系[J].针刺研究,1997,22(3):175-177.
190. Orihata M , Sarna SK. Nitric oxide mediates mechano and chemoreceptor-activated intestinal feedback control of gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci, 1996, 41(7):1303-1309.
191. Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Quintieri A, et al. L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway modulates gastric motility and gallbladder emptying induced by erythromycin and liquid meal in humans. Dig Dis Sci, 1995 , 40(6):1365-1371.
193. Hermann G, Rogers RC.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the dorsal vasgal complex suppresses gastric motility.Neuro immuno-modulation, 1995, 2(9):74-81.
193. De Winter BY, Boeckxstaens GE, DeMan JG, et al. Effect of adrenergic and nitrergic blockade on experiment talileus in rats. BrJpHarmacol, 1997, 120(9):464-468.
194.严海密,李运科.慢性胃病中一氧化氮的研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,1999,7(4):355-356.
195.彭曦,汪仕良.一氧化氮合酶在大鼠胃壁的分布规律及意义[J].国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册,1997,17(3):952-956.
196.沈定树,邓光贵.一氧化氮的研究进展[J].国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册,1996,17(1):20-22.
197.臧梦维,刘景生.一氧化氮的致突变性和致癌性[J].国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册,1998,18(1):37-40.
198. Hahm KB, Lee KJ, Kim JH, et al. Helicobacterpylori infection, oxidative DNA damage, gastricarci NO genesis, and rev ersiblilty by rebamipide. Dig Dis Sci, 1998, 43(suppl):72-77.
199. Sipponen P. Gastric cancer along termcon sequence of Helicobacterpylori infection. ScandJ Gastroenterol, 1994, 29(supp1201):24-26.
200. Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Majkaa J, et al. Nitric oxide in gastro protection by sucralfatc, mild irritant, and nocloprost. Role of mucosal blood flow. Dig Dis Sci, 1994, 39(3):593-595.
201. Wilson KT, Ramanujam KS, Mobely HLT, et al. Helicobacterpylori stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expresion and activity in murine macrophage cell line.Gastroenterol, 1996, 111 (7): 1524-1533.
202. Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Effect of ebrotidine on gastric musosal inflammatory response to Helicobacterpylori lipopolysaccharide. J Physiol Pharmcol, 1999, 50(11):391-404.
203. Lamarque D, Kiss J, Tankovic J, et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in vivo and cell injury in rat duodenal epithelium by a water soluble extract of Helicobacterpylori. Br J Pharmacol, 1998, 1(23): 1073-1078.
204. Deasi KM, Sessa WC, Vane JR. Involvement of nitric oxide in the reflex relaxation of the stomach to accommodate food or fluid. Nature, 1991, 351(5):477-452.
205.余跃,陈新加主编.一氧化氮与疾病[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,1998:145.
206. Barbiers M, Timmermans JP. Nitric oxide synthase containing neurons in the pig larg eintestine:topography, mor-phology, and viscer of ugal projections. Microsc Res Tech, 1994, 29(2):72-78.
207. Ganumnitz E, Sweet A, Singaram C. Nitrinergic and pep-tidergic inner vations and their inter-ralation ships in human colon. Neuropeptides, 1995, 29(1):1-9.
208. Noboru T, Toshio K, Tomio O. Nitroxidergic nerve stimu-lation relaxes humanuterinevein. Jauto Nerv Sys, 1995, 55(13):189-193.
209.彭曦,冯晋斌,汪仕良,等.早期肠道喂养对烧伤大鼠肠道一氧化氮合酶的影响[J].中华整形烧伤外科杂志,1998,14(1):37-40.
210. Rajnakova A, Goh PM, Chan ST, et al. Expression of differential nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissue. Carcinogenesis, 1997; 18:1841-1845.
211. MasudaE, Kawa NOS, Naga NOK, et al. Endoge Nousnitricoxide modulatestha NO linduced gastricmucosal injury in rats. Gastroenterology, 1995, 108(13):58-64.
212. Asahi M, Fujii J, Suzuki K. Inactivation of glutathioneperoidase by nitricoxide:implication for cytotoxicity. JBiol Chem, 1995,270(9):21035-21039.
213. de Vera ME, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, et al. Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitricoxide(NOS2) gene by cy-tokines:initialanalysis of the human NOS2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci, (USA), 1996, 93(3): 1054-1057.
214.田恒力,张庸.一氧化氮生物学效应研究进展[J].国外医学神经病理神经外科学分册,1995,22(2):87-89.
215. Franco L, Talamini G, Carra G, Doria D. Expresstion of COX-1, COX-2, a nd inducible nitric oxide synthase protein in human gastric antrum with Helico bacter pylori infection. Pro Oth Lip Med, 1999, 58(7):9-17.
216. Lamarque D, Kiss J, Tankovic J, et al. Induction of itricoxide synthase in vivo and cell in jury in rat duodenal epithelium by awater solubleext rat of Helicobacterpylori. BrJPharmacol, 1998, 123(6):1073-1078.
217.王盛春,石玉,赵慧平.黄芪对巨噬细胞形态和定量细胞化学的影响[J].时珍国医国药,1998,9(6):534-535.
218. Bedir E, Pugh N, Calis I, et al. Immunostimulatory effectsofcycloartane typeriterpenegly cosides from astragaluss pecies. BiolPharmBull, 2000, 23(7):834-837.
219.袁红霞,陈艳春.黄芪的现代药理研究及临床应用[J],山东中医药大学学报 2000,24(5):397-400.
220.祝晓玲.黄芪的药理学研究进展[J].四川生理科学杂志,1998,20(1):25-28.
221.徐峻,戴慧芬,叶武,等.黄芪注射液对COPD患者IL-8的影响[J].浙江中医学院学报,1999,23(4):61.
222.张代钊.黄芪的临床应用与研究[J].中西医结合杂志,1989,9(6):327-328.
223. Zheng Z, Liu D, Song C, et al. Studies on chenical constituents and immunological function activity of hairy root of Astragalus membranceus. Chin J Biotechnol, 1998, 14(2):93-97.
224.沈美玲,翟世康,罗英德,等.黄芪多糖生物活性的初步研究[J].中西医结合杂志,1984,4(10):615-616.
225.单俊杰,王顺春,刘涤,等.黄芪多糖的化学和药理研究进展[J].上海中医药大学学报,2000,14(3):61-65.
226.常春艳,侯云德,徐风美.中药黄芪促进小鼠NK细胞活性同时诱生干扰素[J].医学研究通讯,1982,11(10):5-7.
227.徐毅,王守富,张英,等.黄芪注射液对体液免疫功能的影响[J].临床医学,1998,18(1):17-18.
228. Yoshida Y, Wang MQ, Liu JN, et al. Immuno modulating activity of chinese medicinal herbs and old enlandia diffusainparticu lax. Int Jlmmunopharmacol, 1997, 19(7):359-370.
229. StromTB.Theparallel, time-deoendent, bimodal change in lymphocy techolinergic bindingly mphocyte mediatedcy totoxicity after lymphocyte acdtivation, Jlmmunol, 1991, 127(13):705-708.
230.李学林,李建生,吴建成,等.健脾补肾方药对大鼠细胞免疫的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,1999,6(3):46-48.
231.耿长山.黄芪的免疫药理研究进展[J].中西医结合杂志,1986,6(1):62-63.
232.潘惠娟,宋涛.黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫低下小鼠作用的实验研究[J].武警医学,1998,9(2):67-69.
233.王国勤,吴敏毓,孙瑞元.不同剂量黄芪组方的复方六一汤抗衰老的实验研究[J].中草药,1997,28(3):154-156
234.孙成文,钟国赣,江岩,等.黄芪多糖抗氧化损伤作用的研究[J].中国药理学通报,1996,12(2):161-163.
235.张银娣.黄芪抗生物氧化作用的研究[J].中药药理与临床,1991,7(6):14-17
236.祁忠华,林善锬,黄宇锋.黄芪改善糖尿病早期肾血流动力学异常的研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,1999,7(3):147-149.
237.孙成文,钟国赣,战术,等.黄芪皂甙抗犬心肌自由基损伤作用[J].基础医学与临床,1996,16(1):71-73.
238.殷静先.黄芪药理研究与临床应用[J].时珍国药研究,1998,9(3):230.
239.李育浩.白术对胃肠功能的影响[J].中药材,1991,14(9):38-39。
240.郑天珍,李伟,丁永辉,等.黄芪对胃肠运动的实验研究[J].基础医学与临床,2001,21(增刊):63.
241.郑天珍,李伟,瞿颂义,等.黄芪对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条运动的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(2):22-24.
242.贾淑琴.黄芪的化学成分、药理和临床研究[J].天津药学,1994,6(4):24-27.
243.彭成,雷载权.四君子汤抗脾虚动物胃肠粘膜损伤的研究[J].中药药理与临床,1995,11(6):7-10.
244.刘辉,李金荣,胡传真.黄芪对磷癌细胞株GNM荷瘤裸鼠的免疫增强及抑瘤作用的研究[J].口腔医学,1999,19(2):60-63.
245.刘书静,田道法.肿瘤转移与细胞免疫及中药的干预[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14(3):392-394.
246.王留兴,谢华.四种中草药对环磷酰胺抗肿瘤活性和毒性反应的影响[J].中医研究,1999,12(5):11-13.
247.董竞成,董晓辉.黄芪注射液与白细胞介素2增强树突细胞抗肿瘤转移作用的比较研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(3):632-635.
248.石任兵,梁晓秋,梁吉春,等.黄芪S_4对化疗荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响及抑瘤作用[J].北京中医药大学学报,1999,22(2):63-64.
249.储大同,孙燕,林娟如,等.黄芪提取成分对癌症患者淋巴细胞免疫功能恢复及对大鼠免疫抑制逆转的作用[J].中西医结合杂志,1989,9(6):351-352.
250.马占好,张春艳,刘旭,等.黄芪多糖对小鼠体内六种细系瘤株抑瘤作用的实验研究[J].中医药学报,1996,25(4):55-56.
251.祁忠华,林善锬,黄宇锋.黄芪改善糖尿病早期肾血流动力学异常的研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,1999,7(3):147-149.
252.刘国凤,刘春凤.桂枝临床应用探析[J].陕西中医,2003,24(10):934-935.
253.沈玉先,魏伟,徐叔云,等.白芍总甙的药理作用及机制[A].吴曙光.抗炎免疫药理学进展[M].上海:第二军医大学出版社,1997:162-167.
254.周强,栗占国.白芍总苷的药理作用及其在自身免疫性疾病中的应用[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2003,11(2):687-691.
2. Genta RM. Helicobacter pylori, inflammation, mucosal damage, and apoptosis: pathogenesis and definition of gastric atrophy. Gastroenterology, 1997, 113(6): 51-55.
3. Xu CP, Liu WW. Follow-up study of chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia. Chin J Digestion, 1984, 4(1): 10.
4. Rugge M, Farinati F, Di Mario F, et al. Gastric epithelial dysplasia: a prospective multicenter follow-up study from the interdisciplinary group on gastric epithelial dysplasia.Hum Pathol, 1991, 22(10):1002-1008.
5. Coma del Corral MJ, Pardo-Mindan FJ, Razquin S, et al. Risk of cancer in patients with gastric dysplasia. Follow-up study of 67 patients.Cancer, 1990, 65(9):2078-2085.
6. Farinati F, Cardin F, Di-Mario F, et al. Early and advanced gastric cancer during follow-up of apparently benign gastric ulcer: significance of the presence of epithelial dysplasia. J Surg Oncol, 1987 , 36(4):263-267.
7.戴自英.实用内科学[M].第10版,北京,人民卫生出版社,1997:1585-1588.
8.查炜,王茵萍.慢性萎缩性胃炎与胃粘膜微循环的相关性研究[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(6):951-952.
9.王仰坤,董荣春,马乃绪,等.慢性萎缩性胃炎组织病理学分型及其意义的研究[J].解放军医学杂志,1993,18(4):288-291.
10.“胃癌早期诊断”上海协作组.上海市9所医院前瞻性胃癌前病变5年随访 研究[J].中华消化杂志,1995,15(5):282-284.
11.鄂征.组织培养和分子细胞学技术[M].北京出版社.1995:74-75.
12.吴景兰,丁一主编.实用非放射性分子生物学实验技术[M].河南医科大学出版社,1997:143-144.
13.张延卓,罗大力,杨宝峰,等.胃宝颗粒对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用[J].中药新药与临床药理,2001,12(1):32-35.
14.张林国,胥庆华.慢性萎缩性胃炎的实验研究概况与分析[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1997,5(4):247.
15. Kishimoto S, Fujimura J, Machino H, et al.Therapeutic effects of oral rebamipide and in combination with cimetidine on experimental gastritis in rats.Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol, 1992 , 78(3):259-277.
16.陈奇主编.中药药理研究方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:1103,
17.吴咸中,高金亮主编.脾虚证的现代研究[J].天津科技翻译出版公司出版,天津,第1版,1992;183-198.
18.吕琳,韦金育,陈永红.壮医药线点灸不同手法对实验性脾虚证的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997,24(8):379-381.
19.张绳祖.全国中西医结合虚证研究与防治老年病会议资料选编[C],1982:240.
20.谢仰洲,陈琦涛,谢宗岑,等.用过劳和饮食失节法塑造大白鼠脾气虚证模型的研究[J].中医杂志,1987,28(5):57-60.
21.沈自尹,王文健.中医虚症辨证参考标准[J].中西医结合杂志,1986,6(10):598.
22.甘庆贤,于辉,宋智敏.胃炎消冲剂对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎模型的实验研究[J].中医药学刊,2003,21(7):1113-1116.
23.丁建民.黄芪建中汤加味治愈萎缩性胃炎[J].四川中医,1990,8(11):22.
24.吕琳,韦金育,陈永红.壮医药线点灸不同手法对实验性脾虚证的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997,24(8):379-381.
25.刘颖,杜仲民,朱逞,等.尿D-木糖排出量测定新方法[J].中国医刊,2003,38(2):48-49.
26.陈奇,邓文龙,张世玮.中药药理研究方法[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,1(4):757-759.
27.王红梅,马玲.小鼠廓清实验方法的比较[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2000,12(3):3-5.
28.薛彬.免疫毒理学实验技术[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1996:49-501.
29.高岭,赵晨.伪麻黄碱水杨酸盐对大鼠佐剂性关节炎及免疫系统的影响[J].江苏医药杂志,2003,29(6):764-765.
30.金筠芳,梁惠珍,曹翠玉,等.甘蔗多糖的免疫活性[J].中国药理学报,1981,2(4):269-269.
31. Ogmundsdottir HM, Weir DM, et al. Mechanism of macrophage activation.Clin Exp Imunol, 1980, 40(11):223-234.
32.王汝俊,杜群,邵庭荫,等.中药胃炎消治疗大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的病理研究[J].世界华人消化杂志,2000,8(4):382-385.
33.吕琳,韦金育,陈永红.壮医药线点灸不同手法对实验性脾虚证的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997,24(8):379-381.
34.宋伯根,李义清,赵桂芬,等.胃粘膜损伤程度与胃癌发生的关系[J].癌症,1993,12(5):372-374.
35.王茵萍,范刚启,孙茂峰,等.穴注黄芪、当归注射液对实验性慢性萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜屏障的影响[J].广州中医药大学学报,2002,19(9):195-198.
36.谢锦玉主编.现代细胞化学技术及其在中西医药中的应用[M].中医古籍出版社,北京:1998:13-30.
37.李肇特主编.组织化学(内部资料,修订第三版) 1993:37-91.
38.宗士群,初航.脾虚证大鼠模型的实验研究[J].中国医科大学学报,1997,26(2):206-207.
39.王德俊,谢强敏,邓阳梅,等.养胃冲剂对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜的保护作用[J].解剖学研究,2001,23(4):323-326.
40.李克强,段西道,韦晓峰.中医辨证治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎[J].中国中两医结合脾胃杂志,1998,6(3):175.
41.刘启泉,杨翠香,肖彦玲,等.慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医病机研究[J].河北中医,2002,24(6):473-475.
42.吴连恩,杨建平.单兆伟教授治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎经验举隅[J].南京中医药大 学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(4):244-245.
43.赵凌杰,柳凤兰.浅议慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医证治特点[J].四川中医,2002,20(5):16-17.
44.中华医学会消化病学分会.全国慢性胃炎研讨会共识意见[J].胃肠病学,2000,5:77-79.
45.中国中医药学会内科学会脾胃病专业委员会.实用中医消化病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001:192-206.
46.王玲,许超千.潘振伟,等.胃炎消冲剂对水杨酸致大鼠萎缩性胃炎的治疗作用[j].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(6):603-606.
47.刘红春,王红霞,刘旺根.黄芪建中汤抗大鼠脾气虚证实验研究[J].郑州大学学报(医学版),2004,39(2):316-317.
48.张兴梅,何希铠.中西医治疗萎缩性胃炎42例近期疗效观察[J].实用中医内科杂志,1995,9(2):29.
49.张斌,高金亮.健脾化淤对脾虚型慢性姜缩性胃炎大鼠胃肠功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1995,3(1):41-43.
50.王付主编.仲景方临床应用指导[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001.334.
51.张清苓.桂枝汤类方剂临床运用的统计分析(二)[J].北京中医学院学报,1994,17(5):16-19.
52.全宏勋,张钦宪.黄芪抗辐射作用的实验研究[J].中草药,1993,8:423.
53.全宏勋,邹丹,胡群员,等.黄芪对辐射小鼠红系造血功能的影响[J].中国公共卫生,2001,17(5):393.
54.王红伟,刘旺根,丁瑞敏.黄芪建中汤对脾虚大鼠血液成分及细胞免疫功能的影响[J].河南中医药学刊,2002,17(6):16-17.
55.李美芬,蒋德昭.黄芪促进小鼠粒系造血[J].湖南医科大学学报,1991,16(2):135-136.
56.谢伯玲,江沛,薛普凤.黄芪注射液对大白鼠骨髓造血功能的影响[J].南京中医学院学报,1988,4(4):41-42.
57.祝晓玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对小鼠骨髓细胞增殖周期的影响[J].中药材,2000,23(10):625-627.
58.祝晓玲,祝彼得.黄芪注射液对贫血小鼠巨核系造血的作用及其机理的研究 [J].华西医大学报,2001.32(4):590-592.
59.高瑞兰,徐从连,金锦梅,等.人参皂甙对正常人和再生障碍性贫血患者造血祖细胞的刺激增殖作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(5):285.
60.刘连升,王玉梅,郭强.黄芪注射液配合环磷酰胺治疗肾病综合征对骨髓和血液系统的影响[J].陕西医学杂志,2003,32(12):1095-1097.
61.赵自明,张迎春.动态观察黄芪对人巨细胞病毒感染的粒—单系祖细胞体外增殖的影响[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(2):338-340.
62.程建峰,张琰,贺建荣.黄芪多糖对小鼠化疗中白细胞和骨髓有核细胞减少的影响[J].中国现代应用药学杂志,2003,20(5):378-380.
63.韩晓婷.黄芪和脉络宁注射液对肺癌化疗患者的保护作用[J].山东中医杂志,2001,20(2):85-86.
64.刘雪梅.黄芪注射液在肺癌放射治疗中的应用[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2001,11(8):493-494.
65.洪介民,邱健行,胡祖光,等.黄芪多糖在体内对小鼠CFU-E和BFU-E生成的影响[J].新中医,1998,30(9):35-36.
66.方圣鼎,陈燕,徐小异,等.中药黄芪有效成份的研究(Ⅰ)多糖体的分离、性质及其生理活性[J].有机化学,1982,2(1):26-28.
67.翁玲,刘学英,刘彦,等.黄芪多糖对小鼠骨髓及外周血造血干细胞的增殖及动员作用[J].基础医学与临床,2003,23(3):306-309.
68.张琰,程建峰,贺建荣,等.黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺致小鼠骨髓抑制及毒性的保护作用[J].第四军医大学学报,2003,24(5):447-448.
69.苗健,高琦,许思来.微量元素与相关疾病[M].郑州:河南医科大学出版社,1997.200-204
70. Fisher GL, Byers VS, Shifrine M, et al. Copper and zinc levels in serum from human patients with sarcomas.Cancer, 1976, 37(1):356-363.
71.张春兵,陆为民,顾洪璋.慢性浅表性、萎缩性胃炎与胃癌患者血清微量元素测定及其临床意义[J].数理医药学杂志,1998,11(2):124-125.
72. Azin F, Raie RM, Mahmoudi MN, et al.Correlation between the levels of certain carcinogenetic and anti carcinogenetic trace elements and esophageal cancer in northern Iran.Ecotoxicologh and Environmental Safety, 1998, 39(3):179-181.
73.刘亚明,王世民.九种补阳药中微量元素的比较分析及机理探讨[J].山西中医,1989,4(3):41-42.
74.赵汉芬.锌与三大物质代谢[J].微量元素与健康研究,1996,13(2):63-64.
75.汪丽珠.微量元素与小儿外科疾病的关系[J].中华小儿外科杂志,1992,14(3):47-49.
76.Athar M.微量元素与自由基[J].微量元素与健康研究,1994,11(3):55-57.
77.汪泳,余西林,王宏,等.上胃肠道病患者血胃液中微量元素变化与HP感染的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究.1999,16(11):32,41.
78.陶拉娣,秦绍爱.扶正健脾方对脾虚厌食症患儿微量元素含量及免疫功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(6):429-431.
79.赵光,张玉珍,刘永利,等.实验性脾虚证大鼠血清中微量元素含量的研究[J].实验动物科学与管理.1996,13(1):1-4.
80.曾洪玉,刘蔷霖,李恩宽.健脾方剂与微量元素相关性研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,1994,11(1):42-44.
81. Cohen DI, Illowsky B, Linder MC. Altered copper absorption in tumor-bearing and estroger-treated rats.Am J Physiol, 1979, 236(3):309-315.
82.吴滨,陆琳,闫晓贤.血清微量元素变化与胃癌关系的研究[J].河南肿瘤学杂志,2001,14(3):207-208.
83. Croft DN. Gastritis-cell turnover studies in Turnover SC ed Topicsin Gastroenterology. I. Oxford. Blackwell.1973, 38-40.
84. Hawkin CF, et al. Anemia in digestive tract disorders. In Bockus ML, ed, Gastroenterology, Vol.4, 3rd ed. London saunders.1976, 498-502.
85. GOLDBERG A, LOCHHEAD AC, DAGG JH. Histamine-fast achlorhydria and iron absorption. Lancet, 1963 , 20(1):848-850.
86. Konture SJ. Gastriccarcinoids. Arch Surg, 1995, 130:250-256.
87.晋佳路,刘旺根,王雪萍,等.增力祛疲口服液对游泳致疲劳大鼠骨骼肌和血液生化成分的影响[J].河南中医学院学报,2004,19(113):17-19.
88.刘亚杰,张延巍,严川信.太安对大鼠脂质过氧化及红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].工业卫生与职业病,2002,28(2):87-89.
89.程延安.针灸对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃液总酸度及胃蛋白酶活性影响的研究[J].中国中医药科技,2002.9(6):323-324.
90.魏国娈,刘新生,邵祖燕.五丹胃福汤对慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠自由基水平的影响[J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2002,10(6):352-354.
91. Karam SM. Cell lineage relation ship in the stomach of Nor maland genetically manipulated mice. Braz J Med Biol Res, 1998, 31(2):271-279.
92.周平,李和泉,永田博司.丹参提取物F对胃粘膜主细胞的保护作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,1999.15(10):931-933.
93.朱方石,姒健敏,王良静,等.云母颗粒对萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃粘膜主、壁细胞保护作用的研究[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20(3):19-21.
94. Lacy ER, Cowar KS, Ling JS, et al. Epithelial response of the rats as tricmucosa chronic superficial injury.Yale J biol Med, 1996, 69(2): 105-108.
95.吴煜,李玉波,尤江云.慢性胃炎脾胃气虚证气滞证与主壁细胞超微结果关系的研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(8):476-477.
96.邓伟民,梁超杨,许鑫梅,等.消胀冲剂治疗大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎的实验研究[J].广州中医药大学学报,1998,15(3):200-201.
97.黎君友,孙丹.吕艺,等.脓毒症大鼠小肠功能变化的研究[J].中国危重病急救医学,2004,16(6):352-354.
98.李镤,贺先奇,王兰香,等.慢性胃炎及消化性溃疡病患者的D-木糖排泄系数观察[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1999,7(3):136.
99.张文高.29例健康老年人木糖排泄系数与脾虚证的关系[J].中西医结合杂志,1983,3(4):231-232.
100.周建伟,张凡,肖鸣.药条灸对脾虚证患者血清胃泌素D-木糖排泄率及T细胞亚群的影响[J].中国针灸,1998,(1):15-17.
101.陈淑芬.脾虚证与血清胃泌素、D—木糖排泄率及T细胞亚群的关系探讨[J].四川中医,1999,17(1]):6-7.
102.中华人民共和国卫生部药政局.中药治疗脾虚的临床研究指导原则[J].中国医药学报,1988,3(5):71-73.
103.邝安坤.中西医结合研究丛书.虚证研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1991.118-120
104.王建华,劳绍贤,王汝俊,等.30年来中医脾胃学说研究的启示[J].广州中医药大学学报,2004,21(5):340-343.
105.周礼卿.脾虚患者小肠吸收、胰外分泌功能的同步观察[J].广州中医药大学学报,1986,3(4):41-42.
106.崔云龙.一种血清(尿)木糖测定法[J].临床检验杂志,1986,4(3):78.
107. Eberts TJ, Sample HR, Gliek MR, et al. A simplified colorimetric micromethod for xylose ANAE rumor urine with phloroglucinol. Chin Chemistry, 1979, 25:1440-1443.
108.金敬善.尿中D-木糖的简易测定方法[J].中华医学检验杂志,1987,2(2):91.
109.李幼生,刘放南,盛学勤,等.血清或尿液木糖快速测定及应用[J].陕西医学检验,1995,10(2):1-2.
110.俞庆宪,夏德全.肠易激综合征尿D-木糖排出率[J].上海医科大学学报,1997,24(1):10.
111.Li JY, Sun D,Experimental study of gut absorptive capacity after auma detected by Dxylose content test with micromethod.ChinJ Clin Rehabil,2003, 7(4):2810-2811.
112.朱忠勇主编.实用医学检验学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1992 434.
113.刘放南,罗楠,谭力,等.高效液相色谱法测定成人肠吸收试验中D-木糖的正常值[J].肠外与肠内营养,2004,11(3):481-483.
114.宗士群,李桐.香砂六君子汤治疗脾虚性慢性结肠炎30例临床观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,1992,(增刊):66-67.
115.李晓霞,李德新.脾气虚与Na~+,K~+-ATPase的活性的观察[J].中国医药学报,1996,11(2):48.
116.章梅,夏天,张仲海.脾虚小鼠红细胞免疫和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能改变的实验研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1999,22(3):26-27.
117.王运平,李波清,邱世翠.脾虚小鼠免疫功能的探讨[J].中国中西医结合脾胃杂志,1998,6(1):34-36
118.吕琳,陈永红,韦金育,等.壮医药线点灸对脾虚大鼠淋巴细胞转化率及红细胞免疫功能的影响[J].广西中医药,2001,24(2):48-50.
119.许长照,张瑜瑶.祁白术治疗脾虚证小鼠对消化器官组化和超微结构的影响 [J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2001,9(5):268-271.
120.陈永辉.健脾止泻颗粒对脾虚泄泻患儿消化吸收与肠道局部免疫功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2001,9(2):90-91.
121.章梅,夏天,颜真,等.四君子汤对脾虚患者外周血单个核细胞IL-6 mRNA表达的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2000,20(9):671-672.
122.崔瑾,欧桂珍,杨涛,等.穴位埋线对脾虚大鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].中国医药学报,1999,14(6):14-16.
123.佟丽,陈江华,陈育尧.牡蛎提取物对脾虚模型小鼠免疫功能的影响及抗应激反应的实验研究[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1998,10(5):306-309.
124.周爱香,李小芹,郭淑英,等.益气生血片对脾虚动物造血和免疫功能的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2002,13(2):95-97.
125.李雁,闫晓天.益中蠲毒浓缩丸对脾虚小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国中西医结合消化杂志,2001,9(2):79-80.
126.吴敏毓,刘荣植.医学免疫学[M].第1版.合肥:中国科技大出版社.1993:191.
127. Boyd RL, Tucek CL, Godfrey DI, et al. The thymic microenvironment. Immunol Today, 1993, 14(9):445-459.
128.亓红娟,李万岭,曹强庚.胸腺及胸腺肽研究进展[J].社区医学杂志,2005,3(1):27-28.
129.邓保国,孙翔,宋向凤.肝复新口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].新乡医学院学报,2003,20(2):91-94.
130.高丽松,曾凡潘,宁榴贤,等.处理党参药液对小白鼠碳粒廓清功能影响的研究[J].生物磁学,2004,4(4):1-4.
131.胡丽娜,陈汉平,李文.针刺对人体免疫机能影响的腧穴特异性研究[J].江苏中医,1996,17(2),20-23.
132.田伟明,郭海牛,任汉阳.消疽散对巨噬细胞吞噬功能影响的实验研究[J].中医正骨,1993,5(3):3-5.
133.刘振英,戴祖玉,周娥月,等.磁水对小鼠固定巨噬细胞碳粒廓清功能的影响[J].兰州医学院学报,1987,13(2):16-18.
134.上海医学化验所主编.临床免疫学检验[M].上海:上海科技出版社,19R3.124-126.
135.夏晓红.小儿疳证免疫相关因素分析及针灸治疗[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(3):445-450.
136.徐世军,代渊,张三印,等.益气增液颗粒对脾虚SD大鼠胃肠粘膜分泌及免疫功能影响的初步研究[J].中药药理与临床,2004,20[J]:20-21.
137.陈治水.健脾灵对脾虚大鼠免疫功能的影响[J].四川中医,1989,7(10):8-9.
138.朱伟光.健康成人与脾虚泄患者分泌型免疫球蛋白(SIgA)测定的观察[J].湖南中医杂志,1988,4(2):51-52.
139.黎世尧,王再谟,周邦靖.脾虚泄泻患者粪便分泌性IgA的研究[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1991,3(1):37-38.
140. Jarris J. Fsttolowcrans formation in stimulation Rat. Muscle nerve, 1996, 19(11):1469-1475.
141.陈群,刘亚梅,徐志伟,等.实热证、虚热证模型大鼠肝细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶活性研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2000,23(5):48-49.
142.陈啸梅,周文郁,彭俊云.组织化学手册[M].第一版.人民卫生出版社,北京:1982:147.
143.姜妙娜.肝细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶活力检测条件的探讨[J].大连医学院学报,1991,13(1):76-77.
144.修宗昌,余绍源,尚文.脾虚证与酶学相关性研究概述[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(8):79-82.
145.路瑛丽,冯连世.低氧训练对有氧代谢酶影响的研究进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2005,24(2):195-198.
146.须育方.生物化学教程[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1988:123-126.
147.杨维益,梁嵘,杨敏,等.健脾理气法对骨骼肌能量代谢影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,1994,13(1):28-31.
148,夏青,陈东,董智勇.混合稀土常乐对大鼠肝脏酶组织化学活性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(1):20-22.
149.李乐红.“脾气虚”大鼠骨骼肌细胞化学研究[J].中国医药学报,1990,5(5):16-18.
150.易崇勤,叶百宽,金敬善,等.四君子汤对脾虚大鼠胃粘膜细胞酶组织化学及血浆胃肠激素的影响[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20(6):31-34.
151.王清云,孙红光,赵君玫,等.脾胃气虚胃脐痛各兼证的生化基础[J].河南中医,1986,1(3):6-8.
152.李振华.脾胃气虚本质的研究[J].河南中医,1986,1(3):1-3.
153.孙恩亭,谢锦玉,李乐红,等.脾气虚大鼠骨骼肌中某些元素及能量的变化[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1993,13(12):736-737.
154.李玲风,王秀琴,杨进,等.大鼠实验性脾虚证小肠粘膜吸收细胞酶组织化学变化[J].首都医学院学报,1992,13(1):87-88.
155.熊海,张澄波.“脾主运化”的生化研究[J].首都医学院学报,1989,10(1):19-21.
156.王秀琴,曾晓蓓,季凤清,等,实验性脾虚证大鼠肝细胞组织化学变化的研究[J].解剖学杂志,1999,22(1):11-17.
157.陈啸梅,周文郁,彭俊云.组织化学手册[M],第一版.人民卫生出版社,北京,1982:175.
158.周小青,等.常见舌苔上皮细胞化学的定性、定量研究[J].中国中医药科技,1994,1(4):2-7.
159.吴建红,郭振球.晚期血吸虫病性肝硬化虚实证舌苔细胞酶定量初探[J].湖北中医杂志,1994,16(6):48-49.
160.谢锦玉主编.现代细胞化学技术及其在中西医药中的应用[M].中医古籍出版社,北京.1998:72.
161. Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, et al. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor from pulmonary artery and vein possesses pharmacologic and chemical properties identical to those of nitric oxide radical. Circ Res, 1987 , 61(6):866-879.
162. Antos D, Enders G, Rieder G, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression before and after eradication of Helicobacterpy-lori in different forms of gastritis. Immunol Med Microbiol, 2001, 30(2):127-131.
163. Sessa WC, Harrison JK, uthin DR, et al. Genomic analysis and expression patterns reveal distinct genes for endothelial and brain nitric oxide synthase Hypertension, 1993, 21(6Pt2):934-938.
164. Mac Micking J, Xie QW, Nathan C. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu Rev Immunol, 1997, 15:323-328.
165. de Vera ME, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, et al. Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) gene by cytokines: initial analysis of the human NOS2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996, 93(3):1054-1059.
166. Akimoto M, Hashimoto H, Shigemoto M, et al. Changes of nitric oxide and growth factors during gastric ulcer healing. Cardio-vasc Pharmacol, 2000, 365(Suppl1):282-285.
167. Zhang X, Ruiz B, Correa P, et al. Cellular dissociation of NF-kappa Band inducible nitric oxide synthase in Helicobacterpy-lori infection. Free Radio Biol Med, 2000, 29(6):730-735.
168.蔡东霞,黄月红,卢贤立.等.幽门螺杆菌感染者胃粘膜NOS、胃液NO的变化及意义[J].福建医科大学学报,2003,37(2):169-170.
169. Culotta E, Koshland DE. Molecular of the year-NO news is good news. Science, 1992, 258(13):1861-1865.
170. Gross SS, Wolin MS. Nitric oxide:pathophysiological mechanisms. Ann Rev Physiol, 1995, 57(3):737-769.
171. Fumess JB, Li ZS, Young HM, Judith A. Nitric oxide synthase in the enteric nervous system of the guinea-pig: a quantitative description. Cell Tissue Res, 1994;277:139-145.
172. Takanashi M, Ikeda U, Masuyama J, et al. Nitric oxide at tenuate sadher Sion molecule expres Sion in human endothelial cells. Cytokine, 1996, 8(3):817-821.
173.杨小平,李今.硫代乙酰胺诱导肝硬变门脉高压大鼠肝组织一氧化氮、透明质酸和CD44水平变化实验研究[J].陕西医学杂志,2003,32(10):926-928.
174. Clancy RM, Levartovsky D, Leszczynska-Piziak J, et al. Nitric oxide reacts with intracellular glutathione and activates the hexose monophosphate shunt in human neutrophils: evidence for S-nitrosoglutathione as a bioactive "intermediary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1994 , 91(9):3680-3684.
175. Konturek SK, Konturek PC. Role of nitric oxide in the digestive system. Digestion, 1995, 56(1):1-5.
176. Faruqi R, de la Motte C, DiCorleto PE. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1994 , 94(2):592-600.
177.蔡东霞,黄月红,卢贤立,等.幽门螺杆菌感染者胃粘膜NOS、胃液NO的变化及意义[J].福建医科大学学报,2003,37(2):169-170.
178.王一菱,郑乃刚,吴景兰,等.针刺对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的热休克蛋白、诱导性一氧化氮合酶及其基因表达的效应[J].解剖学报.1999,30(3):279-281.
179. Lamarque D, Kiss J, Tankovic J, et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in vivo and cell injury in rat duodenal epithelium by a water soluble extract of helicobacterpylori. BrJP harmacol, 1998, 13(9):1073-1076.
180. Danner RL. Nitric oxide. A therapeutic target in ANAEpsis. Am Intern Med, 1994, 120(11):778-781.
181. Nguyen T, Brunson D, GeSICL. DNA damage and mutation in human cell sex posed to nitric oxide invitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1992, 89(3):3030-3034.
182. Whittle BJR. Neuronal and Endothelium derived media torsin the modulation NO the gastic microcirculation:integrity in the balance. Br J pharmacol., 1993, 110(1):3-17.
183. Wink DA, Hanbauer I, Krishna MC, et al. Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1993 , 90(21):9813-9817.
184. Masuda E, Kawano S, Nagano K, et al. Endogenous nitric oxide modulates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Gastroenterology, 1995, 108(1):58-64.
185. Karmeli F, Okon E and Rachmile witz D. Sulphydryl blocker induced gastric damage is ameliorated by scavenging of free radicals. Gut, 1996 , 38(6):826-831.
186.李春艳,刘丽娜,吕申,等.一氧化氮、内皮素及氧自由基对大鼠酒精性胃损害的作用研究[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2000,9(1):15-17.
187. Konturek SK, Konturek PC. Role of nitric oxide in the digestive system Digestion, 1995, 56(1):1-13.
188. Rodella L, Razzani R, Agostini C, et al. Induction of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the rat periaqueductal gray matter after nociceptive visceral stimulation. Brain Res, 1998, 793(1-2):333-336.
189.许冠荪,裴文芬,王月房,等.艾灸对胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及其与一氧化氮的关系[J].针刺研究,1997,22(3):175-177.
190. Orihata M , Sarna SK. Nitric oxide mediates mechano and chemoreceptor-activated intestinal feedback control of gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci, 1996, 41(7):1303-1309.
191. Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Quintieri A, et al. L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway modulates gastric motility and gallbladder emptying induced by erythromycin and liquid meal in humans. Dig Dis Sci, 1995 , 40(6):1365-1371.
193. Hermann G, Rogers RC.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the dorsal vasgal complex suppresses gastric motility.Neuro immuno-modulation, 1995, 2(9):74-81.
193. De Winter BY, Boeckxstaens GE, DeMan JG, et al. Effect of adrenergic and nitrergic blockade on experiment talileus in rats. BrJpHarmacol, 1997, 120(9):464-468.
194.严海密,李运科.慢性胃病中一氧化氮的研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,1999,7(4):355-356.
195.彭曦,汪仕良.一氧化氮合酶在大鼠胃壁的分布规律及意义[J].国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册,1997,17(3):952-956.
196.沈定树,邓光贵.一氧化氮的研究进展[J].国外医学临床生物化学与检验学分册,1996,17(1):20-22.
197.臧梦维,刘景生.一氧化氮的致突变性和致癌性[J].国外医学生理、病理科学与临床分册,1998,18(1):37-40.
198. Hahm KB, Lee KJ, Kim JH, et al. Helicobacterpylori infection, oxidative DNA damage, gastricarci NO genesis, and rev ersiblilty by rebamipide. Dig Dis Sci, 1998, 43(suppl):72-77.
199. Sipponen P. Gastric cancer along termcon sequence of Helicobacterpylori infection. ScandJ Gastroenterol, 1994, 29(supp1201):24-26.
200. Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Majkaa J, et al. Nitric oxide in gastro protection by sucralfatc, mild irritant, and nocloprost. Role of mucosal blood flow. Dig Dis Sci, 1994, 39(3):593-595.
201. Wilson KT, Ramanujam KS, Mobely HLT, et al. Helicobacterpylori stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expresion and activity in murine macrophage cell line.Gastroenterol, 1996, 111 (7): 1524-1533.
202. Slomiany BL, Piotrowski J, Slomiany A. Effect of ebrotidine on gastric musosal inflammatory response to Helicobacterpylori lipopolysaccharide. J Physiol Pharmcol, 1999, 50(11):391-404.
203. Lamarque D, Kiss J, Tankovic J, et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in vivo and cell injury in rat duodenal epithelium by a water soluble extract of Helicobacterpylori. Br J Pharmacol, 1998, 1(23): 1073-1078.
204. Deasi KM, Sessa WC, Vane JR. Involvement of nitric oxide in the reflex relaxation of the stomach to accommodate food or fluid. Nature, 1991, 351(5):477-452.
205.余跃,陈新加主编.一氧化氮与疾病[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,1998:145.
206. Barbiers M, Timmermans JP. Nitric oxide synthase containing neurons in the pig larg eintestine:topography, mor-phology, and viscer of ugal projections. Microsc Res Tech, 1994, 29(2):72-78.
207. Ganumnitz E, Sweet A, Singaram C. Nitrinergic and pep-tidergic inner vations and their inter-ralation ships in human colon. Neuropeptides, 1995, 29(1):1-9.
208. Noboru T, Toshio K, Tomio O. Nitroxidergic nerve stimu-lation relaxes humanuterinevein. Jauto Nerv Sys, 1995, 55(13):189-193.
209.彭曦,冯晋斌,汪仕良,等.早期肠道喂养对烧伤大鼠肠道一氧化氮合酶的影响[J].中华整形烧伤外科杂志,1998,14(1):37-40.
210. Rajnakova A, Goh PM, Chan ST, et al. Expression of differential nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissue. Carcinogenesis, 1997; 18:1841-1845.
211. MasudaE, Kawa NOS, Naga NOK, et al. Endoge Nousnitricoxide modulatestha NO linduced gastricmucosal injury in rats. Gastroenterology, 1995, 108(13):58-64.
212. Asahi M, Fujii J, Suzuki K. Inactivation of glutathioneperoidase by nitricoxide:implication for cytotoxicity. JBiol Chem, 1995,270(9):21035-21039.
213. de Vera ME, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, et al. Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitricoxide(NOS2) gene by cy-tokines:initialanalysis of the human NOS2 promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci, (USA), 1996, 93(3): 1054-1057.
214.田恒力,张庸.一氧化氮生物学效应研究进展[J].国外医学神经病理神经外科学分册,1995,22(2):87-89.
215. Franco L, Talamini G, Carra G, Doria D. Expresstion of COX-1, COX-2, a nd inducible nitric oxide synthase protein in human gastric antrum with Helico bacter pylori infection. Pro Oth Lip Med, 1999, 58(7):9-17.
216. Lamarque D, Kiss J, Tankovic J, et al. Induction of itricoxide synthase in vivo and cell in jury in rat duodenal epithelium by awater solubleext rat of Helicobacterpylori. BrJPharmacol, 1998, 123(6):1073-1078.
217.王盛春,石玉,赵慧平.黄芪对巨噬细胞形态和定量细胞化学的影响[J].时珍国医国药,1998,9(6):534-535.
218. Bedir E, Pugh N, Calis I, et al. Immunostimulatory effectsofcycloartane typeriterpenegly cosides from astragaluss pecies. BiolPharmBull, 2000, 23(7):834-837.
219.袁红霞,陈艳春.黄芪的现代药理研究及临床应用[J],山东中医药大学学报 2000,24(5):397-400.
220.祝晓玲.黄芪的药理学研究进展[J].四川生理科学杂志,1998,20(1):25-28.
221.徐峻,戴慧芬,叶武,等.黄芪注射液对COPD患者IL-8的影响[J].浙江中医学院学报,1999,23(4):61.
222.张代钊.黄芪的临床应用与研究[J].中西医结合杂志,1989,9(6):327-328.
223. Zheng Z, Liu D, Song C, et al. Studies on chenical constituents and immunological function activity of hairy root of Astragalus membranceus. Chin J Biotechnol, 1998, 14(2):93-97.
224.沈美玲,翟世康,罗英德,等.黄芪多糖生物活性的初步研究[J].中西医结合杂志,1984,4(10):615-616.
225.单俊杰,王顺春,刘涤,等.黄芪多糖的化学和药理研究进展[J].上海中医药大学学报,2000,14(3):61-65.
226.常春艳,侯云德,徐风美.中药黄芪促进小鼠NK细胞活性同时诱生干扰素[J].医学研究通讯,1982,11(10):5-7.
227.徐毅,王守富,张英,等.黄芪注射液对体液免疫功能的影响[J].临床医学,1998,18(1):17-18.
228. Yoshida Y, Wang MQ, Liu JN, et al. Immuno modulating activity of chinese medicinal herbs and old enlandia diffusainparticu lax. Int Jlmmunopharmacol, 1997, 19(7):359-370.
229. StromTB.Theparallel, time-deoendent, bimodal change in lymphocy techolinergic bindingly mphocyte mediatedcy totoxicity after lymphocyte acdtivation, Jlmmunol, 1991, 127(13):705-708.
230.李学林,李建生,吴建成,等.健脾补肾方药对大鼠细胞免疫的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,1999,6(3):46-48.
231.耿长山.黄芪的免疫药理研究进展[J].中西医结合杂志,1986,6(1):62-63.
232.潘惠娟,宋涛.黄芪多糖对环磷酰胺所致小鼠免疫低下小鼠作用的实验研究[J].武警医学,1998,9(2):67-69.
233.王国勤,吴敏毓,孙瑞元.不同剂量黄芪组方的复方六一汤抗衰老的实验研究[J].中草药,1997,28(3):154-156
234.孙成文,钟国赣,江岩,等.黄芪多糖抗氧化损伤作用的研究[J].中国药理学通报,1996,12(2):161-163.
235.张银娣.黄芪抗生物氧化作用的研究[J].中药药理与临床,1991,7(6):14-17
236.祁忠华,林善锬,黄宇锋.黄芪改善糖尿病早期肾血流动力学异常的研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,1999,7(3):147-149.
237.孙成文,钟国赣,战术,等.黄芪皂甙抗犬心肌自由基损伤作用[J].基础医学与临床,1996,16(1):71-73.
238.殷静先.黄芪药理研究与临床应用[J].时珍国药研究,1998,9(3):230.
239.李育浩.白术对胃肠功能的影响[J].中药材,1991,14(9):38-39。
240.郑天珍,李伟,丁永辉,等.黄芪对胃肠运动的实验研究[J].基础医学与临床,2001,21(增刊):63.
241.郑天珍,李伟,瞿颂义,等.黄芪对大鼠离体胃平滑肌条运动的影响[J].中药药理与临床,1999,15(2):22-24.
242.贾淑琴.黄芪的化学成分、药理和临床研究[J].天津药学,1994,6(4):24-27.
243.彭成,雷载权.四君子汤抗脾虚动物胃肠粘膜损伤的研究[J].中药药理与临床,1995,11(6):7-10.
244.刘辉,李金荣,胡传真.黄芪对磷癌细胞株GNM荷瘤裸鼠的免疫增强及抑瘤作用的研究[J].口腔医学,1999,19(2):60-63.
245.刘书静,田道法.肿瘤转移与细胞免疫及中药的干预[J].现代中西医结合杂志,2005,14(3):392-394.
246.王留兴,谢华.四种中草药对环磷酰胺抗肿瘤活性和毒性反应的影响[J].中医研究,1999,12(5):11-13.
247.董竞成,董晓辉.黄芪注射液与白细胞介素2增强树突细胞抗肿瘤转移作用的比较研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(3):632-635.
248.石任兵,梁晓秋,梁吉春,等.黄芪S_4对化疗荷瘤小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响及抑瘤作用[J].北京中医药大学学报,1999,22(2):63-64.
249.储大同,孙燕,林娟如,等.黄芪提取成分对癌症患者淋巴细胞免疫功能恢复及对大鼠免疫抑制逆转的作用[J].中西医结合杂志,1989,9(6):351-352.
250.马占好,张春艳,刘旭,等.黄芪多糖对小鼠体内六种细系瘤株抑瘤作用的实验研究[J].中医药学报,1996,25(4):55-56.
251.祁忠华,林善锬,黄宇锋.黄芪改善糖尿病早期肾血流动力学异常的研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,1999,7(3):147-149.
252.刘国凤,刘春凤.桂枝临床应用探析[J].陕西中医,2003,24(10):934-935.
253.沈玉先,魏伟,徐叔云,等.白芍总甙的药理作用及机制[A].吴曙光.抗炎免疫药理学进展[M].上海:第二军医大学出版社,1997:162-167.
254.周强,栗占国.白芍总苷的药理作用及其在自身免疫性疾病中的应用[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2003,11(2):687-691.