五大连池旅游资源非使用价值评估
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摘要
随着旅游业的快速发展,许多地区都将其作为当地的支柱产业加以大力扶持,但目前国内对旅游资源的价值分类系统与评估方法方面的研究几乎为空白,本文在研究国内外关于环境资源、自然资源和生物多样性等方面的价值分类系统和评估方法的基础上,试图构建适用于五大连池的旅游资源价值分类系统和评估方法,进行应用研究。
五大连池拥有丰富的自然资源和社会资源,所以它具有极高的科研价值和旅游休憩价值,对子孙后代也蕴藏着巨大的使用能量。本文针对五大连池独特的旅游资源构建了价值分类系统和评估方法。首先将旅游资源的价值分为使用价值和非使用价值,本文重点研究后者,包括选择价值、遗产价值和存在价值。依据五大连池的景观文化及目前对人类的效用构建出其价值系统,使人们对价值构成有更明确的理解。然后根据所构建的价值系统,选用国际上流行的非使用价值的评估方法——意愿评估法(CVM)对五大连池的内在价值进行了评估,充分准备实施了对五大连池地质公园的客源市场调查,发放调查问卷。并利用交叉分析和卡方检验等统计学方法详细分析了各因素对支付意愿及WTP值的影响。
利用构建的旅游资源价值分类系统和评估方法,对五大连池地质公园的旅游资源的非使用价值进行了实证研究,得出其2006年的旅游资源非使用价值为98 679.28万元。
此外,还对影响非使用价值精确评估的因素进行了讨论,对CVM存在的误差进行了特殊的处理和一定的分析,并对评估结果的利用进行了初步探讨。
Since policy has been executed, the development of domestic tourism is flourishing; many regions regard it as support industry and develop it strongly. But at present, there is still a blank to the value classifying system of tourism resources and the assessing methods system in China. Therefore, this paper researches some value classifying systems and assessing methods about environmental resources, natural resources and biological diversity, trying to set up a value classifying system and assessing methods of Wudalianchi tourism resources.
Wudalianchi has the rich natural resource and the social resources, therefore it has the extremely high scientific research value and the traveling rests value, also is containing the greatest use energy to the descendant. This article has constructed the value classifying systems and assessing methods system in view of unique traveling resources of Wudalianchi. In this research, first sets up a value classifying system and assessing methods of tourism resources. The value of the tourism resources can be divided into two, use values and non-use value. It is important to research non use value for us. It includes option value, bequest value and existence value. Making people have a more explicit understanding to Walianchi value constitution. Based on value classifying system, evaluated the intrinsic tourism values by CVM (Contingent Valuation Method). It is essential to investigate Tourist space time distribution and behavior, analyzed the factors' effects to tourists' WTP (Willing to Pay) by Cross-tabulation and Chi-Square analyses.
Making use of the value classifying and assessing methods system for tourism resources of Wudalianchi nature reserve, the author evaluates the values of Wudalianchi nature reserve. The results show that in 2006, the non-use value is 986792800 yuan (RMB).
In addition, it has discussed affect factor about the non- use value precise. It also has carried on special processing and the certain analysis to the error of CVM.
五大连池拥有丰富的自然资源和社会资源,所以它具有极高的科研价值和旅游休憩价值,对子孙后代也蕴藏着巨大的使用能量。本文针对五大连池独特的旅游资源构建了价值分类系统和评估方法。首先将旅游资源的价值分为使用价值和非使用价值,本文重点研究后者,包括选择价值、遗产价值和存在价值。依据五大连池的景观文化及目前对人类的效用构建出其价值系统,使人们对价值构成有更明确的理解。然后根据所构建的价值系统,选用国际上流行的非使用价值的评估方法——意愿评估法(CVM)对五大连池的内在价值进行了评估,充分准备实施了对五大连池地质公园的客源市场调查,发放调查问卷。并利用交叉分析和卡方检验等统计学方法详细分析了各因素对支付意愿及WTP值的影响。
利用构建的旅游资源价值分类系统和评估方法,对五大连池地质公园的旅游资源的非使用价值进行了实证研究,得出其2006年的旅游资源非使用价值为98 679.28万元。
此外,还对影响非使用价值精确评估的因素进行了讨论,对CVM存在的误差进行了特殊的处理和一定的分析,并对评估结果的利用进行了初步探讨。
Since policy has been executed, the development of domestic tourism is flourishing; many regions regard it as support industry and develop it strongly. But at present, there is still a blank to the value classifying system of tourism resources and the assessing methods system in China. Therefore, this paper researches some value classifying systems and assessing methods about environmental resources, natural resources and biological diversity, trying to set up a value classifying system and assessing methods of Wudalianchi tourism resources.
Wudalianchi has the rich natural resource and the social resources, therefore it has the extremely high scientific research value and the traveling rests value, also is containing the greatest use energy to the descendant. This article has constructed the value classifying systems and assessing methods system in view of unique traveling resources of Wudalianchi. In this research, first sets up a value classifying system and assessing methods of tourism resources. The value of the tourism resources can be divided into two, use values and non-use value. It is important to research non use value for us. It includes option value, bequest value and existence value. Making people have a more explicit understanding to Walianchi value constitution. Based on value classifying system, evaluated the intrinsic tourism values by CVM (Contingent Valuation Method). It is essential to investigate Tourist space time distribution and behavior, analyzed the factors' effects to tourists' WTP (Willing to Pay) by Cross-tabulation and Chi-Square analyses.
Making use of the value classifying and assessing methods system for tourism resources of Wudalianchi nature reserve, the author evaluates the values of Wudalianchi nature reserve. The results show that in 2006, the non-use value is 986792800 yuan (RMB).
In addition, it has discussed affect factor about the non- use value precise. It also has carried on special processing and the certain analysis to the error of CVM.
引文
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4张建萍.生态旅游的理论和实践.财贸经济, 2003:43~49
5郭明.生态环境价值评估方法综述.山东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, (1):71~74
6张志强,徐中民,程国栋.条件价值评估法的发展与应用.地球科学进展, 2003, (3):2~5
7王兴斌.改革开放220年旅游经济探索.广东旅游出版社, 2003:33~38
8周进步.现代中国旅游地理.青岛出版社, 2005:45~47
9张志强.可持续发展研究进展与趋向.地球科学进展, 1999, (6): 56~62
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12 J. B. Loomis, R. G. Walsh. Recreation Economic Decisions: Comparing Benefits and Cost Venture Publishing Inc, 1997:110~205
13 I. J. Bateman, K. G. Willis. Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory and Practice of the Contingent Valuation Method in the used and Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999: 208~240
14 J. R. Kahn. The Contingent Valuation of Environmental Resources Methodological Issues and Research Needs. Cheltenham: Edward Publishing Limited, 1999:105~187
15 J. Hanuman. Contingent Valuation: A Critical Assessment, Contributions to Economic Analysis, Vol. 220, North -Holland, Amsterdam, 1993:159~170
16 K. G. Willis and J. F. Benson. Recreational Value of Forest .Forestry, 1999: 93~109
17 K. G. Willis and G. D. Garrard. Amenity Value of Forestry in Great Britain and Impact on the Intercalate of Return from Forestry. 2002, 65(3):331~346
18 J. E. Benson. Value of Non-priced Recreation on the Forestry CommissionEstate in Great Britain. Journal of World Forest Resources Management, 1999:49~73
19 J. F. Benson and K. G. Willis. Valuing Informal Creation on the Forestry Mission State. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 2001:63~65
20 Portney. Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation. U. S. Federal Register, 2003:4601~4614
21 Z. Y. Ouyang, R. S. Wang and J. Z. Zhao. Ecosystem Services and their Economic Valuation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , 1999:635～640
22 D. Pearce. Economic Valuation and the Natural World. London: Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, 2001:170~185
23何承耕.自然资源和环境价值理论研究述评.福建地理, 2001, (4):1~5
24曹建华,郭小鹏.意愿调查法在评价森林资源环境价值上的运用.江西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, (5):64~69
25陈应发.条件价值法——国外最重要的森林游憩价值评估方法.生态经济. 1996, (5):3~14
26赵秉栋.论自然资源的价值问题.河南大学学报(自然科学版), 1999:77~-82
27王连茂,尚新伟.香山公园森林游憩效益的经济评价.林业经济, 1993, (3): 66~71
28薛达元.生物多样性经济价值评估——长白山自然保护区案例研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1997:45~66
29徐中民等.额济纳旗生态系统恢复的总经济价值评估.地理学报, 2002, 57 (1): 107~116
30张茵.自然保护区生态旅游资源的价值评估——以九寨沟自然保护区为例.北京大学, 2004, (5):23~27
31王寿兵,王平建,胡泽园.用意愿评估法评估生态系统景观服务价值——以上海苏州河为实例.复旦学报(自然科学版), 2002, (3):465~475
32吴必虎.生态旅游理论与实践.中国旅游出版社, 2005:101~104
33彭新育等.评价旅游景点经济价值的数学模型. 2000, 20(4):109~113
34钟声,钟鸣,程玲.环境价值评枯——旅行费用法.辽宁农业科学, 1998, (5):52~54
35魏小安.新编旅游经济学.上海人民出版社, 2004:55~58
36刘坤,杨东.旅游资源的经济价值评价.曲阜师范大学(自然科学版),2001, 27(3): 103~106
37 T. P. Holmes. The Offsite Impact of Soil Erosion on the Water Treatment Industry. Land Economics, 2002:356~366
38王瑞雪.条件价值评估法本土化改进及其验证——来自武汉的实证研究2006, (6): 4~9
39白墨.北京市环境经济评估的意愿调查法研究.北京大学, 2007:14~20
40厉以宁,章诤.环境经济学.中国计划出版社, 1995:135~136
41 C. Peters, A. Gentry and R. Mendelssohn. Valuation of an Amazonian Rainforest. Nature , 2003: 655~656
42 Terrell, M. D. Miller. The Market Value of Water in the Olalla Aquifer. Land Economics, 1999:163~175
43 D. J. Walker, D. L. Young. The Effect of Technical Progress Erosion Damage and Economic Incentives for Soil Conservation. Land Economics, 1986:3~93
44 P. C. Huszar. Economics of Reducing Offsite Costs of Wind Erosion. Land Economics, 1998:333~340
45 Hal Varian. Microeconomic Analysis (Third Edition). Beijing: Economic Science Press, 1997:130~132
46 M. Edward. The Demand for Site Specific Recreational Activities. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 200:345~371
47 R. K. Davis. Recreation Planning as an Economic Problem. Natural Resources Journal, 2000:239~249
48张序强,李华等.五大连池自然保护区旅游发展规划报告, 2000:12~34
49梁学庆.黑龙江省生态旅游资源合理配置. 2004:10~46
50张桂兰.五大连池风景区旅游发展问题对策研究.北方论丛, 2002:4~10
51曹辉,陈平留.森林景观资产评估CVM法研究.福建林学院学报, 2003:48~52
52杨开忠,白墨,李莹等.关于意愿调查价值评估法在我国环境领域应用的可行性探讨—以北京市居民支付意愿研究为例.地球科学进展, 2005:420~425
53曹辉,兰思仁.条件价值法在森林景观资产评估中的应用.世界林业研究, 2002, 15(3):32~36
54 Carlson, Fredrik. Willingness to Pay for Improved Air Quality in Sweden. App lied Economics, 2000:661~669.
55陈琳,欧阳志云等.条件价值法在非市场价值评估中的应用.生态学报, 2006, (2):1~9
56崔相宝,苗建军.条件价值评估:一种非市场的价值评估技术.武汉理工大学学报, 2005, (12):1-6
57 Venkata. The Contingent Valuation Method: A Review. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2004:89~124
58陈应发,陈放鸣.国外森林游憩价值评估的两种流行方法.北京林业大学学报, 1994, 16(3):97~105
59陈浮,张捷.九寨沟案例分析旅游价值货币化核算研究一一九寨沟案例分析.南京大学学报,自然科学版, 2001, 37(3):296~303
60邵筱叶.旅游资源价值评估问题探析.生态经济, 2006, (10):12~24
61万绪才,丁登山,永立.旅游客源市场结构分析——以南京市为例.人文地理, 1998, 13(3):70~75
62陈仲伯.凤凰古城的景观生态内涵刍议.中南工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2001, (3):206~210
63许抄军.历史文化古城游憩利用及非使用价值评估方法与案例研究.湖南大学硕士论文. 2004:35~58
64薛达元.长白山自然保护区生物多样性非使用价值评估.中国环境科学, 2000, 20(2):141~145
65郭剑英,王乃昂.旅游资源的旅游价值评估——以敦煌为例.自然资源学报, 2004, (6):11~17
2保继刚,楚义芳,彭华.旅游资源学.上海三联书店, 2004:23~25
3王菘.旅游资源再认识与旅游资源开发评价方法的优化.集团经济研究, 2007, (10):2~10
4张建萍.生态旅游的理论和实践.财贸经济, 2003:43~49
5郭明.生态环境价值评估方法综述.山东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, (1):71~74
6张志强,徐中民,程国栋.条件价值评估法的发展与应用.地球科学进展, 2003, (3):2~5
7王兴斌.改革开放220年旅游经济探索.广东旅游出版社, 2003:33~38
8周进步.现代中国旅游地理.青岛出版社, 2005:45~47
9张志强.可持续发展研究进展与趋向.地球科学进展, 1999, (6): 56~62
10何承耕,林忠,陈传明,李晓.自然资源定价主要理论模型探析.福建地理, 2002, (3):1~10
11彭念一,刘红艳.论环境经济价值核算.财经理论与实践, 2001(1):86~89
12 J. B. Loomis, R. G. Walsh. Recreation Economic Decisions: Comparing Benefits and Cost Venture Publishing Inc, 1997:110~205
13 I. J. Bateman, K. G. Willis. Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory and Practice of the Contingent Valuation Method in the used and Developing Countries. New York: Oxford University Press. 1999: 208~240
14 J. R. Kahn. The Contingent Valuation of Environmental Resources Methodological Issues and Research Needs. Cheltenham: Edward Publishing Limited, 1999:105~187
15 J. Hanuman. Contingent Valuation: A Critical Assessment, Contributions to Economic Analysis, Vol. 220, North -Holland, Amsterdam, 1993:159~170
16 K. G. Willis and J. F. Benson. Recreational Value of Forest .Forestry, 1999: 93~109
17 K. G. Willis and G. D. Garrard. Amenity Value of Forestry in Great Britain and Impact on the Intercalate of Return from Forestry. 2002, 65(3):331~346
18 J. E. Benson. Value of Non-priced Recreation on the Forestry CommissionEstate in Great Britain. Journal of World Forest Resources Management, 1999:49~73
19 J. F. Benson and K. G. Willis. Valuing Informal Creation on the Forestry Mission State. Quarterly Journal of Forestry, 2001:63~65
20 Portney. Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation. U. S. Federal Register, 2003:4601~4614
21 Z. Y. Ouyang, R. S. Wang and J. Z. Zhao. Ecosystem Services and their Economic Valuation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , 1999:635～640
22 D. Pearce. Economic Valuation and the Natural World. London: Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, 2001:170~185
23何承耕.自然资源和环境价值理论研究述评.福建地理, 2001, (4):1~5
24曹建华,郭小鹏.意愿调查法在评价森林资源环境价值上的运用.江西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, (5):64~69
25陈应发.条件价值法——国外最重要的森林游憩价值评估方法.生态经济. 1996, (5):3~14
26赵秉栋.论自然资源的价值问题.河南大学学报(自然科学版), 1999:77~-82
27王连茂,尚新伟.香山公园森林游憩效益的经济评价.林业经济, 1993, (3): 66~71
28薛达元.生物多样性经济价值评估——长白山自然保护区案例研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1997:45~66
29徐中民等.额济纳旗生态系统恢复的总经济价值评估.地理学报, 2002, 57 (1): 107~116
30张茵.自然保护区生态旅游资源的价值评估——以九寨沟自然保护区为例.北京大学, 2004, (5):23~27
31王寿兵,王平建,胡泽园.用意愿评估法评估生态系统景观服务价值——以上海苏州河为实例.复旦学报(自然科学版), 2002, (3):465~475
32吴必虎.生态旅游理论与实践.中国旅游出版社, 2005:101~104
33彭新育等.评价旅游景点经济价值的数学模型. 2000, 20(4):109~113
34钟声,钟鸣,程玲.环境价值评枯——旅行费用法.辽宁农业科学, 1998, (5):52~54
35魏小安.新编旅游经济学.上海人民出版社, 2004:55~58
36刘坤,杨东.旅游资源的经济价值评价.曲阜师范大学(自然科学版),2001, 27(3): 103~106
37 T. P. Holmes. The Offsite Impact of Soil Erosion on the Water Treatment Industry. Land Economics, 2002:356~366
38王瑞雪.条件价值评估法本土化改进及其验证——来自武汉的实证研究2006, (6): 4~9
39白墨.北京市环境经济评估的意愿调查法研究.北京大学, 2007:14~20
40厉以宁,章诤.环境经济学.中国计划出版社, 1995:135~136
41 C. Peters, A. Gentry and R. Mendelssohn. Valuation of an Amazonian Rainforest. Nature , 2003: 655~656
42 Terrell, M. D. Miller. The Market Value of Water in the Olalla Aquifer. Land Economics, 1999:163~175
43 D. J. Walker, D. L. Young. The Effect of Technical Progress Erosion Damage and Economic Incentives for Soil Conservation. Land Economics, 1986:3~93
44 P. C. Huszar. Economics of Reducing Offsite Costs of Wind Erosion. Land Economics, 1998:333~340
45 Hal Varian. Microeconomic Analysis (Third Edition). Beijing: Economic Science Press, 1997:130~132
46 M. Edward. The Demand for Site Specific Recreational Activities. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 200:345~371
47 R. K. Davis. Recreation Planning as an Economic Problem. Natural Resources Journal, 2000:239~249
48张序强,李华等.五大连池自然保护区旅游发展规划报告, 2000:12~34
49梁学庆.黑龙江省生态旅游资源合理配置. 2004:10~46
50张桂兰.五大连池风景区旅游发展问题对策研究.北方论丛, 2002:4~10
51曹辉,陈平留.森林景观资产评估CVM法研究.福建林学院学报, 2003:48~52
52杨开忠,白墨,李莹等.关于意愿调查价值评估法在我国环境领域应用的可行性探讨—以北京市居民支付意愿研究为例.地球科学进展, 2005:420~425
53曹辉,兰思仁.条件价值法在森林景观资产评估中的应用.世界林业研究, 2002, 15(3):32~36
54 Carlson, Fredrik. Willingness to Pay for Improved Air Quality in Sweden. App lied Economics, 2000:661~669.
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56崔相宝,苗建军.条件价值评估:一种非市场的价值评估技术.武汉理工大学学报, 2005, (12):1-6
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