火炮外弹道测量及修正技术研究
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摘要
本文在深入分析火炮外弹道测量及修正技术的理论基础上,以某底凹弹为背景,提出了一种利用微加速度计和磁阻场传感器测量弹丸轴向加速度和炮口速度的设计方案,研制出了原理样机并进行了地面实验和靶场试验,主要做了以下几个方面的研究。
提出了利用磁阻式传感器进行炮口转速及速度测量的方法。首先将传感器输出的正弦电压信号波形进行整形滤波处理变为方波；对方波计数后就可准确获得炮弹的转数。根据炮弹转速和轴向速度的关系可准确计算出炮弹的出炮口轴向瞬时速度。
为了消除加速度计的离心加速度,采用双加速度传感器配置法检测炮弹质心轴向加速度,在弹丸飞出炮口的时刻,加速度传感器开始采集上升阶段的加速度,再由弹载微处理器解算出实时轴向加速度。
针对某底凹弹修正引信的要求,开发了以DSP芯片TMS320F2811为主处理器的弹载弹道参数测量系统的硬件电路,重点解决了弹载系统所要求的抗高过载,低功耗,高精度,出炮口零时刻等关键问题,设计了磁阻传感器和加速度计的信号调理电路,A/D转换电路、数据存储电路、通信接口电路和DSP控制电路,编制了控制各部分硬件电路正常工作的软件模块,实现了炮口速度和轴向加速度测量的软件算法。
地面实验和靶场试验表明：磁阻传感器测量炮口速度和双加速度计测量轴向加速度方法可行、数据准确,测量装置具有抗高过载生存能力,恶劣环境抗干扰能力,满足修正引信对弹道参数测量的要求。目前该技术已成功用于军方某部队的弹道测量及修正系统中,得到了用户的好评。
This paper begins with a profound analysis of the measurement of exterior trajectory and correction techniques,taking a hollow base cartridge as experiment platform, magnetoresistance sensor and Micro-electromechanical Systems(MEMS) accelerometer are utilized to measure muzzle velocity and axis acceleration. The main research works are as follows.
On the analysis of magneto-resistance effect, a method to measure muzzle velocity based on magnetorsistive sensor is proposed. Firstly, the sinusoidal voltage waveform of sensor output is shaped and filtered to square waveform; secondly, the projectile's turns can be exactly obtained by calculating the optimum square wave. Finally, muzzle velocity is deduced from the relation between speed and axial acceleration of the projectile.
In order to eliminate centrifugal acceleration of the accelerometers,a dual-accelerometer configuration is adopted to detect centroid axis acceleration of the projectile.Two accelerometers begin to sample acceleration when the round is flying off the muzzle,and microprocessor on the projectile calculates real-time axis acceleration.
In order to meet requirements of a hollow base cartridge, a prototype measurement device based on TMS320F2811 was developed. Several critical issues, such as anti-high overload, low power consumption, high accuracy and determining the right time of flying off the muzzle, are solved. Signal processing circuit for magnetoresistance sensor and MEMS accelerometer, A/D circuit, data storage circuit, communication interface circuit and DSP control circuit are designed. Moreover, software modules are developed for controlling hardware circuits and realizing measurement algorithm of trajectory parameter.
Ground test and firing range test both verified that trajectory parameter measurement based on magnetoresistance sensor and MEMS accelerometer is feasible,accurate measurement data can be obtained.Moreever, the measurement device feature anti-high overload capability and good anti-jamming performance,it can fully meet requirement of correcting fuze to the trajectory parameter measurement. At present,this technology has succeeded uses in the trajectory measurement and correction system servers in the army, which get high praise from the users.
提出了利用磁阻式传感器进行炮口转速及速度测量的方法。首先将传感器输出的正弦电压信号波形进行整形滤波处理变为方波；对方波计数后就可准确获得炮弹的转数。根据炮弹转速和轴向速度的关系可准确计算出炮弹的出炮口轴向瞬时速度。
为了消除加速度计的离心加速度,采用双加速度传感器配置法检测炮弹质心轴向加速度,在弹丸飞出炮口的时刻,加速度传感器开始采集上升阶段的加速度,再由弹载微处理器解算出实时轴向加速度。
针对某底凹弹修正引信的要求,开发了以DSP芯片TMS320F2811为主处理器的弹载弹道参数测量系统的硬件电路,重点解决了弹载系统所要求的抗高过载,低功耗,高精度,出炮口零时刻等关键问题,设计了磁阻传感器和加速度计的信号调理电路,A/D转换电路、数据存储电路、通信接口电路和DSP控制电路,编制了控制各部分硬件电路正常工作的软件模块,实现了炮口速度和轴向加速度测量的软件算法。
地面实验和靶场试验表明：磁阻传感器测量炮口速度和双加速度计测量轴向加速度方法可行、数据准确,测量装置具有抗高过载生存能力,恶劣环境抗干扰能力,满足修正引信对弹道参数测量的要求。目前该技术已成功用于军方某部队的弹道测量及修正系统中,得到了用户的好评。
This paper begins with a profound analysis of the measurement of exterior trajectory and correction techniques,taking a hollow base cartridge as experiment platform, magnetoresistance sensor and Micro-electromechanical Systems(MEMS) accelerometer are utilized to measure muzzle velocity and axis acceleration. The main research works are as follows.
On the analysis of magneto-resistance effect, a method to measure muzzle velocity based on magnetorsistive sensor is proposed. Firstly, the sinusoidal voltage waveform of sensor output is shaped and filtered to square waveform; secondly, the projectile's turns can be exactly obtained by calculating the optimum square wave. Finally, muzzle velocity is deduced from the relation between speed and axial acceleration of the projectile.
In order to eliminate centrifugal acceleration of the accelerometers,a dual-accelerometer configuration is adopted to detect centroid axis acceleration of the projectile.Two accelerometers begin to sample acceleration when the round is flying off the muzzle,and microprocessor on the projectile calculates real-time axis acceleration.
In order to meet requirements of a hollow base cartridge, a prototype measurement device based on TMS320F2811 was developed. Several critical issues, such as anti-high overload, low power consumption, high accuracy and determining the right time of flying off the muzzle, are solved. Signal processing circuit for magnetoresistance sensor and MEMS accelerometer, A/D circuit, data storage circuit, communication interface circuit and DSP control circuit are designed. Moreover, software modules are developed for controlling hardware circuits and realizing measurement algorithm of trajectory parameter.
Ground test and firing range test both verified that trajectory parameter measurement based on magnetoresistance sensor and MEMS accelerometer is feasible,accurate measurement data can be obtained.Moreever, the measurement device feature anti-high overload capability and good anti-jamming performance,it can fully meet requirement of correcting fuze to the trajectory parameter measurement. At present,this technology has succeeded uses in the trajectory measurement and correction system servers in the army, which get high praise from the users.
引文
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[7]华菊仙.弹道修正技术拓宽炮兵弹药精确化之路[J].现代军事.2005,10。
[8]唐波.提高GPS单点定位精度的算法研究[硕士论文][D].北京：北京工业大学,2006。
[9]李东光,周国勇,马宝华.一维弹道修正技术弹道敏感技术[J].兵工学报.2003,24(3)：309-312。
[10]李东光,周国勇,马宝华.一维弹道修正技术的弹道识别方法[J].探测与控制学报.2001,22(3)：6-9。
[11]申强,李世义,李东光.一维弹道修正技术基于速度—时序列的弹道辨识[J].探测与控制学报.2004,26(1)：41—44。
[12]申强,李世义.射程修正引信弹道辨识算法精度分析[J].北京理工大学学报.2005,25(1)：5-8。
[13]浦发,芮筱亭.外弹道学[M].北京.国防工业出版社,1989。
[14]余瑞芬.《传感器原理》第二版.北京：航空工业出版社,1995。
[15]Roylance LM.A batch fabricated silicon accelerometer. IEEE Trans. Electron Device,1979, ED-26(12):1911-1917.
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[17]徐文娟,陈章清,陆秀成,等.内弹道学[M].南京：华东工学院,1986。
[18]李杰,马宝华.弹道修正技术阻尼机构的设计与仿真研究[J].探测与控制学报.2001(23)。
[19]何循来,李世义.射程修正引信阻力机构展开时间解算方法[J].探测与控制学报.2004,26(4)。
[20]Thomas E, Harkins. Drag brake deployment method and apparatus for range error correc-tion of spinning, gun launched artillery projectiles:United States,6354785 [EB/OL],2002-02-12. [2007-05-30].
[21]磁阻传感器MR的应用[EB/OL].(2001-01-08).[2007-05-30].http://www.dsd cn.com/hon/apn09.pdf.
[22](苏))B.M扬托夫斯基.地磁学.北京：地质出版社,1959。
[23]US/UK World Magnetic Model-Epoch 2005.
[24](苏).阿法拉谢耶夫编著.磁场参数测量器具.北京：科学出版社,1983。
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[29]Honeywell.1-and 2-Axis Magnetic Sensors HMC1001/1002.2001 [EB/OL]. [2007-07-21]. http://www.Magnetic-sensors.com.
[30]Small and Thin 18g Accelerometer [EB/OL]. (2004). [2007-07-21]. http://www. analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/ADXL320.pdf.
[31]Single-Axis, High-g, iMEMS Accelerometers ADXL193[EB/OL]. (2004). [2007-07-21]. http://www.analog.com/zh/prod/0,,764_800_ADXL193,00.html.
[32]8-Channel,1MSPS,8-/10-/12-Bit ADCs with Sequencer in 20-Lead TSSOP. AD7908/AD7918/AD7928[EB/OL].(2004).[207-06-13].http://www.analog.com/en/ DCcList/0,3090,760%255F%255F13,00.html.
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[39]TMS320F28x Event Manager (EV) Reference Guide (Rev. A). SPRU065A [EB/OL].(2003-06).[2007-06-21].http://stag.zcu.cz/fel/kev/mrp/texas/EVENT%20 MANAGER% 20spru065b.pdf.
[40]TMS320F28x Enhanced Controller Area Network (eCAN) Reference Guide (Rev. A).SPRU074A[EB/OL].(2003-06). [2007-06-21]. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ tms 320 r281.pdf.
[41]TMS320F28x DSP CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide (Rev. C). SPRU430C [EB/OL].(2003-11).[2007-06-21].http://vyuka.fel.zcu.cz/kev /mrp/texas/SYSTEM%20 CORE%20a%20PRERUSENI%20spru078a.pdf.
[42]TMS320F28x Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP) Reference Guide (Rev. A).SPRU061A[EB/OL].(2003-06).[2007-06-21].http://www.seeddsp.com/pdf/soft/c 2000 00 32.pdf.
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[2]谭凤岗.弹道修正弹的概念研究[J].弹箭技术.1998(4)：1-10。
[3]Michael S.L.Hollis. Design and Analysis of a Prototype Range Correction Device for a mortar Projectile. ARL-MR-411,1998.8.
[4]王儒策,刘荣忠,苏玳等.灵巧弹药的构造及作用[M].北京：兵器工业出版社.2001。
[5]Widmayer R S. Terminal Trajectory Correction Capability for Standard Spinning Projectil-es. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Ballistics.1976.
[6]华菊仙.人小鬼打—弹道修正技术让“笨弹”变聪明[J].现代兵器.2006,8。
[7]华菊仙.弹道修正技术拓宽炮兵弹药精确化之路[J].现代军事.2005,10。
[8]唐波.提高GPS单点定位精度的算法研究[硕士论文][D].北京：北京工业大学,2006。
[9]李东光,周国勇,马宝华.一维弹道修正技术弹道敏感技术[J].兵工学报.2003,24(3)：309-312。
[10]李东光,周国勇,马宝华.一维弹道修正技术的弹道识别方法[J].探测与控制学报.2001,22(3)：6-9。
[11]申强,李世义,李东光.一维弹道修正技术基于速度—时序列的弹道辨识[J].探测与控制学报.2004,26(1)：41—44。
[12]申强,李世义.射程修正引信弹道辨识算法精度分析[J].北京理工大学学报.2005,25(1)：5-8。
[13]浦发,芮筱亭.外弹道学[M].北京.国防工业出版社,1989。
[14]余瑞芬.《传感器原理》第二版.北京：航空工业出版社,1995。
[15]Roylance LM.A batch fabricated silicon accelerometer. IEEE Trans. Electron Device,1979, ED-26(12):1911-1917.
[16]杨晓光.一种新型MEMS惯导加速度计的设计与研究[硕士论文][D].北京：电子科技大学,2006。
[17]徐文娟,陈章清,陆秀成,等.内弹道学[M].南京：华东工学院,1986。
[18]李杰,马宝华.弹道修正技术阻尼机构的设计与仿真研究[J].探测与控制学报.2001(23)。
[19]何循来,李世义.射程修正引信阻力机构展开时间解算方法[J].探测与控制学报.2004,26(4)。
[20]Thomas E, Harkins. Drag brake deployment method and apparatus for range error correc-tion of spinning, gun launched artillery projectiles:United States,6354785 [EB/OL],2002-02-12. [2007-05-30].
[21]磁阻传感器MR的应用[EB/OL].(2001-01-08).[2007-05-30].http://www.dsd cn.com/hon/apn09.pdf.
[22](苏))B.M扬托夫斯基.地磁学.北京：地质出版社,1959。
[23]US/UK World Magnetic Model-Epoch 2005.
[24](苏).阿法拉谢耶夫编著.磁场参数测量器具.北京：科学出版社,1983。
[25]张学孚,陆怡良编著.磁通门技术.北京：国防工业出版社,1995.7。
[26]TAMARABRATL,ROBERT BICKING.磁性传感器的选择与应用[J].仪器仪表与传感器.2002,12(1)：1-6。
[27]单轴和双轴磁传感器HMC1001/HMC1002[EB/OL].(2001-01-08).[2007-05-30] http://www.honeywell-sensor.com.cn/prodinfo/sensor_magnetic/datasheet/HMC100 1-21021-2.pdf.
[28]Michael J. Caruso.AMR磁阻传感在车辆检测和罗盘定向的应用[EB/OL]. http://www.dsdcn.com/hon/apn02.pdf.
[29]Honeywell.1-and 2-Axis Magnetic Sensors HMC1001/1002.2001 [EB/OL]. [2007-07-21]. http://www.Magnetic-sensors.com.
[30]Small and Thin 18g Accelerometer [EB/OL]. (2004). [2007-07-21]. http://www. analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/ADXL320.pdf.
[31]Single-Axis, High-g, iMEMS Accelerometers ADXL193[EB/OL]. (2004). [2007-07-21]. http://www.analog.com/zh/prod/0,,764_800_ADXL193,00.html.
[32]8-Channel,1MSPS,8-/10-/12-Bit ADCs with Sequencer in 20-Lead TSSOP. AD7908/AD7918/AD7928[EB/OL].(2004).[207-06-13].http://www.analog.com/en/ DCcList/0,3090,760%255F%255F13,00.html.
[33]苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆祝锋等TMS320F2812原理与开发[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2005。
[34]TMS320F281x Data Sheet (Rev. Ⅰ). [EB/OL]. (2002). [207-06-13]. http:// focus.ti.com.cn/cn/do cs/prod/folders/print/tms320f2812.html.
[35]TMS320F28x Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Reference Guide (Rev. A). SPRU060A[EB/OL].(2003-08).[2007-06-21].http://vyuka.fel.zcu.cz/kev/mrp/texas/ ADC%20spru060b.pdf.
[36]TMS320F28x Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Reference Guide (Rev. A). SPRU059A [EB/OL]. (2003-06). [2007-06-21]. http://vyuka.fel.zcu.cz/kev/mrp /texas/SPI%20 spru059 a. pdf.
[37]TMS320F28x Serial Communications Interface (SCI) Reference Guide (Rev. A). SPRU051A[EB/OL].(2003-06).[2007-06-21].http://ww.seeddsp.com/pdf/soft/c20 0002035.pdf.
[38]TMS320F28x External Interface (XINTF) Reference Guide (Rev. B). SPRU067 B[EB/OL].(2003-06). [2007-06-21].http://www.seeddsp.com/pdf/soft/c200002032.p df.
[39]TMS320F28x Event Manager (EV) Reference Guide (Rev. A). SPRU065A [EB/OL].(2003-06).[2007-06-21].http://stag.zcu.cz/fel/kev/mrp/texas/EVENT%20 MANAGER% 20spru065b.pdf.
[40]TMS320F28x Enhanced Controller Area Network (eCAN) Reference Guide (Rev. A).SPRU074A[EB/OL].(2003-06). [2007-06-21]. http://focus.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ tms 320 r281.pdf.
[41]TMS320F28x DSP CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide (Rev. C). SPRU430C [EB/OL].(2003-11).[2007-06-21].http://vyuka.fel.zcu.cz/kev /mrp/texas/SYSTEM%20 CORE%20a%20PRERUSENI%20spru078a.pdf.
[42]TMS320F28x Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP) Reference Guide (Rev. A).SPRU061A[EB/OL].(2003-06).[2007-06-21].http://www.seeddsp.com/pdf/soft/c 2000 00 32.pdf.
[43]16 Mbit SPI Serial Flash SST25VF016B. (2006) [EB/OL]. [2007-06-20]. http:// www. sst.com/products.xhtml/serial_flash/25/3.0V/SST25VF016B.
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