THz波段二维渐变型光子晶体谐振腔的研究
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摘要
太赫兹(Terahertz,THz)波是频率在0.1-10THz范围内的电磁波,它有很多优越的特性,如能量很低、许多生物大分子在THz波段有很强的吸收和谐振、时域频谱信噪比很高等,使得THz在天体物理学、材料科学、信息科学等领域有广阔而重要的应用。THz波光子晶体谐振腔作为一种波长选择器件,具有体积小,制作简单,品质因子高等优点,可广泛应用于太赫兹波段激光器、滤波器、反射器、交叉连接器等器件,对于太赫兹技术的应用具有重要意义。
本文研究了THz波二维渐变型光子晶体谐振腔的特性。首先在周期正方晶格光子晶体的基础上设计了五种太赫兹波段的二维渐变型光子晶体,运用时域有限差分法对完整结构渐变型光子晶体的透射谱进行研究,研究不同渐变结构对透射谱的影响,分析比较了渐变型光子晶体与周期型光子晶体的透射谱。研究结果表明,与周期型光子晶体相比,渐变型光子晶体的带隙都有所增大;在此基础上,在二维渐变型光子晶体中分别引入两种点缺陷,构建谐振腔,通过改变缺陷的大小,得出渐变型光子晶体的谐振频率、线宽以及Q值的变化情况。通过比较和分析,分别得出在两种缺陷下线宽更窄,Q值更高渐变光子晶体结构;最后根据这种THz渐变光子晶体谐振腔的特点,讨论其在滤波器和激光器中的应用。
The THz region located between 0.1 and 10 THz has many superior features, Such as, itsenergy is very low . Many biological macromolecules have strong absorption and resonance in theTHz region. The signal to noise ratio in time-domain spectrum is high and so on. It has been widelyapplied in the astrophysics, materials science and information science. THz crystal resonator as akind of wavelength selection device has many advantages including small, simple production andhigh quality factor. It is broadly used in THz systems which consist of THz laser , filters, reflectors,cross-connectors and so on. Therefore the THz crystal resonator is important for the application inTHz technology.
The characteristic of two-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystal resonant cavity is studiedin this paper. Firstly five kinds of two-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystal according to thebasis of square lattice photonic crystal are designed. The transmission spectra of five kinds oftwo-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystal are obtained by finite difference time domainmethod to study the impact of different structures on the transmission spectra. The transmissionspectra both in gradient THz photonic crystal and square lattice photonic crystal are analyzed andcompared. The simulation results show that gradient THz photonic crystal band gap is bigger thansquare lattice photonic crystal. On this basis, two-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystals withtwo kinds of point defects are respectively designed to construct cavity. By changing the size ofdefects, the changed situations in the resonant frequency, line width and Q value are obtained.Through comparing and analyzing, the gradient THz photonic crystal with narrower line width andhigher Q value are designed respectively under the circumstances of two types of point defects.Finally, according to the features of this THz cavity with gradient photonic crystal structure, itsapplications both in the filter and laser are discussed.
本文研究了THz波二维渐变型光子晶体谐振腔的特性。首先在周期正方晶格光子晶体的基础上设计了五种太赫兹波段的二维渐变型光子晶体,运用时域有限差分法对完整结构渐变型光子晶体的透射谱进行研究,研究不同渐变结构对透射谱的影响,分析比较了渐变型光子晶体与周期型光子晶体的透射谱。研究结果表明,与周期型光子晶体相比,渐变型光子晶体的带隙都有所增大;在此基础上,在二维渐变型光子晶体中分别引入两种点缺陷,构建谐振腔,通过改变缺陷的大小,得出渐变型光子晶体的谐振频率、线宽以及Q值的变化情况。通过比较和分析,分别得出在两种缺陷下线宽更窄,Q值更高渐变光子晶体结构;最后根据这种THz渐变光子晶体谐振腔的特点,讨论其在滤波器和激光器中的应用。
The THz region located between 0.1 and 10 THz has many superior features, Such as, itsenergy is very low . Many biological macromolecules have strong absorption and resonance in theTHz region. The signal to noise ratio in time-domain spectrum is high and so on. It has been widelyapplied in the astrophysics, materials science and information science. THz crystal resonator as akind of wavelength selection device has many advantages including small, simple production andhigh quality factor. It is broadly used in THz systems which consist of THz laser , filters, reflectors,cross-connectors and so on. Therefore the THz crystal resonator is important for the application inTHz technology.
The characteristic of two-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystal resonant cavity is studiedin this paper. Firstly five kinds of two-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystal according to thebasis of square lattice photonic crystal are designed. The transmission spectra of five kinds oftwo-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystal are obtained by finite difference time domainmethod to study the impact of different structures on the transmission spectra. The transmissionspectra both in gradient THz photonic crystal and square lattice photonic crystal are analyzed andcompared. The simulation results show that gradient THz photonic crystal band gap is bigger thansquare lattice photonic crystal. On this basis, two-dimensional gradient THz photonic crystals withtwo kinds of point defects are respectively designed to construct cavity. By changing the size ofdefects, the changed situations in the resonant frequency, line width and Q value are obtained.Through comparing and analyzing, the gradient THz photonic crystal with narrower line width andhigher Q value are designed respectively under the circumstances of two types of point defects.Finally, according to the features of this THz cavity with gradient photonic crystal structure, itsapplications both in the filter and laser are discussed.
引文
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[3] E.Yablonovitch. Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics[J].PhysRev Lett., 1987, 58(20):2059-2062.
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[7]贾燕,李宁,逯美红,孙金海,史艳宁,许晓宇,梁来顺,沈京玲.太赫兹光谱和成像技术在毒品识别和检测方面的应用[J].现代科学仪器, 2006, 2:41-44.
[8]李海涛,王新柯,牧凯军,张艳东,张存林,李福利.连续太赫兹波在安全检查下的实验研究[J].激光与红外, 2007, 37(9):876-878.
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[12]高素娟,彭伟,陈鹤鸣.结构参数对二维光子晶体完全带隙影响的研究[J].光电子技术与信息, 2005, 18(5):16-19.
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[14]方云团,余士林,沈廷根.一维随机光子晶体中的光子局域化[J].激光与红外, 2004,34(2):137-139.
[15]何修军,谢康,向安平,侯俊勇.变周期结构光子晶体的带隙研究[J].光器件, 2009,12(2): 17-18.
[16]朱骏,欧阳征标,李景镇.一类慢变周期结构光子晶体的能带特性研究[J].光电子·激光,13(2): 136-138.
[17]王磊,陈鹤鸣.太赫兹波段渐变型二维光子晶体的透射谱研究[J].电子元器件应用, 2009,11(12): 70-73.
[18]王华娟.基于光子晶体的太赫兹器件研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2005.
[19] H.G. Park, J.K. Hwang, J.Hul, et al.. Nondegenerate monopole-mode two-dimensionalphotonic band gap laser[J]. Appl.Phys.Lett., 2001, 79(19):3032-3034.
[20] H.G. Park, S.H. Kim, Y.H. Lee, et al.. Characteristics of electrically driven two-dimensionalphotonic crystal lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2005, 41(9):1131-1141.
[21]周荣梅,陈鹤鸣. THz波段光子晶体谐振腔的特性分析[J].光电子技术,2007,27(4):268-271.
[22]年秀芝,陈鹤鸣. THz复式晶格光子晶体谐振腔的特性分析[J].南京信息工程大学学报,2010,2(1):13-18.
[23]王磊. THz渐变型光子晶体滤波器的特性研究[D].南京:南京邮电大学, 2009.
[24]厉以宇,顾培夫,王保清,郑臻荣,刘旭.填充率渐变型波状结构二维光子晶体[J].光学学报, 2008, 28(1):169-173.
[25]胡婕,陈鹤鸣.光子晶体太赫兹波导带隙的研究[J].光电子技术, 2007, 27(4): 246-249.
[26] Zhiyuan Li, Lanlan Lin. Photonic band structures solved by a plane-wave-basedtransfer-matrix method[J]. Phys. Rev.E, 67(4):1-11.
[27]汤炳书,殷恭维,徐健良,沈廷根.用转移矩阵法数值研究二维正方介质柱光子晶体的传输特性[J].发光学报, 2006, 27(6):861-865.
[28]顾建平,张明德,孙小菡.用散射矩阵法求二维光子晶体缺陷内的场分布[J].电子器件,2002, 25(1): 29-32.
[29]朱志宏,叶卫民,袁晓东,曾淳,王华.用时域有限差分法研究二维光子晶体传输特性[J].光学学报, 2003, 23(5): 522-525.
[30]任海振,张明.基于有限元法的三角格子光子晶体光纤有效面积数值模拟分析[J].中原工学院学报, 2009, 20(2): 27-31.
[31] K.S.Yee. Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’sequations in isotropic media[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas ProPagat. 1966, AP-14:302-307.
[32]黄重庆.光波导计算中的时域有限差分法[D].武汉:华中师范大学, 2000.
[33] A.Taflove and M.E Brodwin. Numerical Solution of steady-state Electromagnetic scatteringproblems Using the Time-Dependent Maxwell's Equations[J]. IEEE Trans. On MicrowaveTheory tech. 1975, 23: 623-630.
[34] C.D.Taylor, D.H.Lan and T.H.Shunpert. "Electromagnetic Pulse Scattering in Time-VaryingInhomogeneous Media"[J]. IEEE, Trans. Antennas Propagate, 1969, 17(5): 585-589.
[35] G.Mur. "Absorbing Boundary Conditions for the Finite-Difference Approximation of theTime-Domain in Electeomagnetic-Field Equations"[J]. IEEE. Trans. Electromagnetic Compat,1981, 23(4): 377-382.
[36] Berenger J P. A Perfectly Matched Layer for the Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves[J].Journal of Computational Physics, 1994, 114(2):185-200.
[37] Berenger J P. Perfectly Matched Layer for the FDTD Solution of Wave-Structure InteractionProblem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1996, AP-44(1): 110-117.
[38]毕岗,王华娟,杨冬晓,李志能.变迹和啁啾光子晶体的特性研究[J].光学学报, 2005,25(7): 990-993.
[39]武继江,石邦任,孔梅.单折射率层换边结构一维光子晶体的能带特性[J].激光杂志,2005, 26(3): 33-34.
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