高速扫掠力作用下轨基检测位置动力响应分析与实验研究
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摘要
近年来铁路运输成为货物运输的主要手段,而货车的超载和偏载不仅影响轨道的疲劳和使用寿命,而且是诱发铁道交通事故的重要因素。因此,使用高速轨道超偏载监测技术,及时检测货车的超偏载现象,对于有效地减小轨道恶性事件的发生频率有重要意义。
为深入研究转向架轴间两轮对监测输出的相互影响,参照现有的轮轨扫掠力监测实验台,建立了三维轮轨动力学有限元模型,使用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA,研究在轮轨扫掠力作用下,转向架轴间两轮对监测输出的相互影响；将仿真结果与实验结果相对比,论证有限元分析的结果,完善了轮轨扫掠力监测系统的研究理论与体系。论文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)研究了国内外轮轨模型研究现状,介绍了使用LS-DYNA进行分析时使用的方法,以及对分析结果进行滤波时所采用的滤波方法。
(2)以轮轨实验台为研究对象,使用HYPERMESH建立了轮轨有限元模型,参考实验台定义了单元类型,材料模型,边界条件和初始条件,控制参数等,使用LS-DYNA分析了不同车速下轮轨检测位置的应变响应。
(3)使用MATLAB将LS-PREPOST提取的仿真结果进行数据处理,分析了转向架轴间两轮对监测输出的相互影响；在实验台上完成了不同速度下钢轨检测位置处综合应变响应的实验；将仿真结果与实验结果相对比,分析其异同,并提出了改进方案。
In recent years, rail transport has become the main method for freight. However, overload and partial load of freight train cars not only bring down the fatigue and service life of track, but also be a key factor inducing railway traffic. Therefore, it is of great importance to timely detect the phenomenon of unbalanced loading of train cars, using unbalanced load monitoring technology for high-speed rail.
To deeply study the influence between the front wheel and the back wheel, an experiment rig monitoring wheel-rail forces was designed. Three-dimensional wheel-rail finite element model was set up according to the real experiment rig, explicit dynamic analysis was made to find the relationship between strain and car speed in the detecting position. The validity of outcomes was demonstrated by comparing to the experimental results. These works perfected the research theory and system for wheel-rail force monitoring system. This paper will include the following research contents:
(1). Current situation studies of home and abroad models of wheel-rail were made, the theory of dynamic finite element analysis was introduced, then the paper displayed the methods when using LS-DYNA and filter methods for results.
(2). Wheel-rail finite element models were set up and then element types, material models, boundary conditions, initial conditions and controlling parameters were defined according to the real object. After that, strain responses of different positions under various speeds were obtained by using LS-DYNA.
(3). Strain response discipline of current and adjacent cross-section was drawn by Matlab data processing of LS-PREPOST simulation data. Improvement scheme were brought forward after the comparison between simulation results and experimental results.
为深入研究转向架轴间两轮对监测输出的相互影响,参照现有的轮轨扫掠力监测实验台,建立了三维轮轨动力学有限元模型,使用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA,研究在轮轨扫掠力作用下,转向架轴间两轮对监测输出的相互影响；将仿真结果与实验结果相对比,论证有限元分析的结果,完善了轮轨扫掠力监测系统的研究理论与体系。论文的主要研究内容如下：
(1)研究了国内外轮轨模型研究现状,介绍了使用LS-DYNA进行分析时使用的方法,以及对分析结果进行滤波时所采用的滤波方法。
(2)以轮轨实验台为研究对象,使用HYPERMESH建立了轮轨有限元模型,参考实验台定义了单元类型,材料模型,边界条件和初始条件,控制参数等,使用LS-DYNA分析了不同车速下轮轨检测位置的应变响应。
(3)使用MATLAB将LS-PREPOST提取的仿真结果进行数据处理,分析了转向架轴间两轮对监测输出的相互影响；在实验台上完成了不同速度下钢轨检测位置处综合应变响应的实验；将仿真结果与实验结果相对比,分析其异同,并提出了改进方案。
In recent years, rail transport has become the main method for freight. However, overload and partial load of freight train cars not only bring down the fatigue and service life of track, but also be a key factor inducing railway traffic. Therefore, it is of great importance to timely detect the phenomenon of unbalanced loading of train cars, using unbalanced load monitoring technology for high-speed rail.
To deeply study the influence between the front wheel and the back wheel, an experiment rig monitoring wheel-rail forces was designed. Three-dimensional wheel-rail finite element model was set up according to the real experiment rig, explicit dynamic analysis was made to find the relationship between strain and car speed in the detecting position. The validity of outcomes was demonstrated by comparing to the experimental results. These works perfected the research theory and system for wheel-rail force monitoring system. This paper will include the following research contents:
(1). Current situation studies of home and abroad models of wheel-rail were made, the theory of dynamic finite element analysis was introduced, then the paper displayed the methods when using LS-DYNA and filter methods for results.
(2). Wheel-rail finite element models were set up and then element types, material models, boundary conditions, initial conditions and controlling parameters were defined according to the real object. After that, strain responses of different positions under various speeds were obtained by using LS-DYNA.
(3). Strain response discipline of current and adjacent cross-section was drawn by Matlab data processing of LS-PREPOST simulation data. Improvement scheme were brought forward after the comparison between simulation results and experimental results.
引文
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[16]吴章江,王浦强,李湘敏等.车辆通过轨道低扣接头的垂向轮轨作用力计算.铁道机车车辆,1982,(1)：24～30
[17]李定清.轮轨垂直相互动力作用及其动力响应.铁道学报,1987,9(1)：1～8
[18]王开云,翟婉明,蔡成标.机车-轨道空间耦合动力学模型及其验证.铁道学报,2002,24(4)：21-27
[19]翟婉明,王其昌.轮轨动力学分析模型研究.铁道学报,1994,16(1)：64～72
[20]王开云,翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学仿真软件TTISIM及其实验验证.中国铁道科学,2004,25(6)：48～53
[21]高建敏,翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学在轨道下降研究中的应用.西南交通大学学报,2007,42(4)：431-435
[22]王开云,翟婉明,刘建新等.提速货车与曲线轨道的横向相互动力作用研究.中国铁道科学,2005,26(6)：39～43
[23]王开云,翟婉明,刘建新等.线路不平顺波长对提速货车横向舒适性影响.交通运输工程学报,2007,7(1)：2-5
[24]张红.货车超偏载动态检测特征信号分析与处理方法研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[25]赵培杰.基于钢轨本体的货车超偏载检测无孔传感器的设计与试验研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2004
[26]赵红伟.一种用于货车超载及偏载监测传感器的设计与研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2007
[27]杨海军.货车车轮扫掠力监测实验台的设计与研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2008
[28]申文静.扫掠力监测实验台信号采集系统设计及集成研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2009
[29]柏友运.轨道支撑刚度对轮扫掠力监测信号影响规律的分析研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2010
[30]刘超.高速扫掠力轨基监测系统集成研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2011
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[35]HyperMesh Tutorials. Altair Corporation.
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[38]ANSYS INCORPORATED.ANSYS/LS-DYNA 使用指南,2002(7)
[39]Desai C S and Abel J F. Introduction to the Finite Element Method. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.1972
[40]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用(第二版).北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998.12～23.
[41]监凯维奇O C著.有限单元法(上册).尹泽勇等译.北京：科学出版社,1985,63～69.
[42]雷晓燕.有限元法.北京：中南铁道出版社,2000,34～38.
[43]Bathe K J. Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis. Prentice-Hall,inc.,1982
[44]陆明万,罗学富.弹性理论基础北京：清华大学出版社,1990
[45]薛守义.有限单元法北京：中国建材工业出版社,2006
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