厚壁高墩水化热温度应力研究
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摘要
桥梁的破坏大多从裂缝开始的。在计算机及有限元计算理论出现以前,设计不合理是导致桥梁破坏的主要原因;在计算机以及有限元计算理论结合后,施工不当常常引起混凝土开裂。如今,混凝土裂缝大多出现在施工阶段,或是施工方法不对,或是养护措施不到位。
混凝土从浇注到随后的一周时间里,混凝土将放出大量的水化热,其温度逐渐升高,生热率逐渐减小,混凝土与周围空气的温差逐渐加大。混凝土通过对流与空气传递热量,混凝土与空气的温差又逐渐减小。混凝土内部温度呈非线性分布,从内到外,温度由高到低分布。混凝土由于热胀冷缩作用,温度升降将引起体积将增大与缩小。由于温度呈非线性分布,以及混凝土内部约束作用或者外部约束,体积变形将引起温度应力。
本文通过对混凝土水化热分析,研究厚壁高墩早期温度场,应力场的规律,以便指导混凝土施工。下面介绍本文主要内容:
1)本文从固体热传导方程入手,介绍了分析的基本关系式,初始条件,四类边界条件,温度场分析的方法,详细介绍了目前流行的有限单元法。
2)热分析的首要任务就是确定必要的热力学参数。本人通过现场实测及经验算法,确定混凝土生热率、热传导系数、对流系数。
3)对实测数据进行分析,发现水化热温度场规律;通过前面确定的热力学参数,进行水化热温度场模拟分析;实测数据与模拟分析对比。
4)从影响混凝土中心温度的混凝土用量、水泥品种、入模温度三个方面进行分析,得到影响中心温度的具体数据;通过蓄水养护、铺砂、贴塑料泡沫三种表面保温措施,得到影响内外温差的具体数据,以供混凝土施工中运用。
5)混凝土水化热分析过程中,其材料性能都在急剧变化。本文采用应力增量法计算混凝土徐变应力。蓄水养护不仅影响混凝土温度场,也影响应力场。
通过以上分析,可以得到以下结论:
1)混凝土水化热导致混凝土内部温度升高50℃以上,在对流作用下内部温度缓慢降低,表面温度迅速下降,内外温差逐渐增大。
2)减小混凝土用量,采用低水化热水泥,降低入模温度可以有效降低混凝土中心最高温度。蓄水养护,铺干砂,贴塑料泡沫可以有效减小混凝土内外温差。
3)混凝土水化热温度应力在浇注后48小时左右达到最大,然后逐渐减小,其原因为混凝土在浇注后在48小时内放出大量水化热,导致体积膨胀,表面出现拉应力。蓄水养护可以有效地减小混凝土内外温差且保持内外温差在40小时后基本恒定,故可以有效地减低混凝土水化热内外温差应力。
Damage to concrete bridge starts from cracks. That designs were unreasonable led to bridges’destruction before computer and theory of finite element invented. After computer and theory of finite element invented,cracks appeared in most of the construction stage because construction methods were incorrect,or conservation measures are not in place.
Concrete will release a large of concrete hydration heat from pouring to the next week, and gradually reducing the heat rate .At the same time, from the beginning of pouring concrete, the temperature gradually increased, concrete and ambient air temperature gradient gradually increased, the concrete and air through the convection to transfer heat, with the passage of time, the temperature gradient between the concrete and the air also decreased. Concrete internal temperature was non-linear distribution, from the inside out, the temperature distribution of high to low。Because that substances expand when heated and contract when cooled ,temperature changes will cause the volume increasing or reducing. As a result of non-linear temperature distribution, as well as the concrete role of the internal constraints or external constraints, volume deformation will cause thermal stress.
Based on the analysis of concrete hydration heat, study the law of temperature field and stress field of thick-walled high pier of early concrete so that the use of concrete construction. Here are the main contents of this article:
1) In this paper, starting with solid heat conduction equation on an analysis of the basic relationship between the initial conditions, four types of boundary conditions, the temperature field analysis method, described in detail the popular finite element method.
2) thermal analysis of the primary task is to determine the thermodynamic parameters necessary. I measured and experience through on-site algorithm to determine the concrete heat rate, thermal conductivity, convection coefficients.
3) an analysis of measured data found that the law of temperature field in heat of hydration; through the thermodynamic parameters to be determined , simulating hydration heat; simulation analysis compare to measured data
4) From three aspects (amount of cement ,varieties of cement, mold temperature)affecting the center temperature of the concrete to get specific data to impact center temperature of concrete; through three surface conservation measures (water conservation and laying sand, plastic foam folder) to get specific data to affect temperature gradient between inside and outside for use in concrete construction.
5) In the process of thermal analysis of concrete hydration, its material properties are rapidly changing. In this paper, the incremental method to calculate the stress of concrete creep stress and found the law of stress field of concrete。water conservation not only affect the concrete temperature, also affect the stress field.
Through the above analysis, we can get the following conclusions:
1) Hydration heat of concrete led to an internal temperature above 50℃. The internal temperature slowly decreased and the surface temperature decreased rapidly and the temperature Difference between inside and outside temperature is gradually increasing under convection
2) Reducing the amount of concrete, using the low hydration heat of cement, reducing the pouring temperature can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of concrete center. Water conservation, Shop dry sand, plastic foam can be affixed to reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside the concrete.
3) thermal stress of concrete hydration heat in about 48 hours after pouring reached maximum and then gradually decreased, the reason is that a large of hydration heat released in 48 hours after pouring concrete, resulting in volume expansion, leading to surface tension stress. Water conservation can effectively reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside the concrete and maintain that internal and external temperatures are constant after 40 hours, so it can be very effective in reducing the temperature difference between inside and outside concrete and reducing hydration heat stress.
混凝土从浇注到随后的一周时间里,混凝土将放出大量的水化热,其温度逐渐升高,生热率逐渐减小,混凝土与周围空气的温差逐渐加大。混凝土通过对流与空气传递热量,混凝土与空气的温差又逐渐减小。混凝土内部温度呈非线性分布,从内到外,温度由高到低分布。混凝土由于热胀冷缩作用,温度升降将引起体积将增大与缩小。由于温度呈非线性分布,以及混凝土内部约束作用或者外部约束,体积变形将引起温度应力。
本文通过对混凝土水化热分析,研究厚壁高墩早期温度场,应力场的规律,以便指导混凝土施工。下面介绍本文主要内容:
1)本文从固体热传导方程入手,介绍了分析的基本关系式,初始条件,四类边界条件,温度场分析的方法,详细介绍了目前流行的有限单元法。
2)热分析的首要任务就是确定必要的热力学参数。本人通过现场实测及经验算法,确定混凝土生热率、热传导系数、对流系数。
3)对实测数据进行分析,发现水化热温度场规律;通过前面确定的热力学参数,进行水化热温度场模拟分析;实测数据与模拟分析对比。
4)从影响混凝土中心温度的混凝土用量、水泥品种、入模温度三个方面进行分析,得到影响中心温度的具体数据;通过蓄水养护、铺砂、贴塑料泡沫三种表面保温措施,得到影响内外温差的具体数据,以供混凝土施工中运用。
5)混凝土水化热分析过程中,其材料性能都在急剧变化。本文采用应力增量法计算混凝土徐变应力。蓄水养护不仅影响混凝土温度场,也影响应力场。
通过以上分析,可以得到以下结论:
1)混凝土水化热导致混凝土内部温度升高50℃以上,在对流作用下内部温度缓慢降低,表面温度迅速下降,内外温差逐渐增大。
2)减小混凝土用量,采用低水化热水泥,降低入模温度可以有效降低混凝土中心最高温度。蓄水养护,铺干砂,贴塑料泡沫可以有效减小混凝土内外温差。
3)混凝土水化热温度应力在浇注后48小时左右达到最大,然后逐渐减小,其原因为混凝土在浇注后在48小时内放出大量水化热,导致体积膨胀,表面出现拉应力。蓄水养护可以有效地减小混凝土内外温差且保持内外温差在40小时后基本恒定,故可以有效地减低混凝土水化热内外温差应力。
Damage to concrete bridge starts from cracks. That designs were unreasonable led to bridges’destruction before computer and theory of finite element invented. After computer and theory of finite element invented,cracks appeared in most of the construction stage because construction methods were incorrect,or conservation measures are not in place.
Concrete will release a large of concrete hydration heat from pouring to the next week, and gradually reducing the heat rate .At the same time, from the beginning of pouring concrete, the temperature gradually increased, concrete and ambient air temperature gradient gradually increased, the concrete and air through the convection to transfer heat, with the passage of time, the temperature gradient between the concrete and the air also decreased. Concrete internal temperature was non-linear distribution, from the inside out, the temperature distribution of high to low。Because that substances expand when heated and contract when cooled ,temperature changes will cause the volume increasing or reducing. As a result of non-linear temperature distribution, as well as the concrete role of the internal constraints or external constraints, volume deformation will cause thermal stress.
Based on the analysis of concrete hydration heat, study the law of temperature field and stress field of thick-walled high pier of early concrete so that the use of concrete construction. Here are the main contents of this article:
1) In this paper, starting with solid heat conduction equation on an analysis of the basic relationship between the initial conditions, four types of boundary conditions, the temperature field analysis method, described in detail the popular finite element method.
2) thermal analysis of the primary task is to determine the thermodynamic parameters necessary. I measured and experience through on-site algorithm to determine the concrete heat rate, thermal conductivity, convection coefficients.
3) an analysis of measured data found that the law of temperature field in heat of hydration; through the thermodynamic parameters to be determined , simulating hydration heat; simulation analysis compare to measured data
4) From three aspects (amount of cement ,varieties of cement, mold temperature)affecting the center temperature of the concrete to get specific data to impact center temperature of concrete; through three surface conservation measures (water conservation and laying sand, plastic foam folder) to get specific data to affect temperature gradient between inside and outside for use in concrete construction.
5) In the process of thermal analysis of concrete hydration, its material properties are rapidly changing. In this paper, the incremental method to calculate the stress of concrete creep stress and found the law of stress field of concrete。water conservation not only affect the concrete temperature, also affect the stress field.
Through the above analysis, we can get the following conclusions:
1) Hydration heat of concrete led to an internal temperature above 50℃. The internal temperature slowly decreased and the surface temperature decreased rapidly and the temperature Difference between inside and outside temperature is gradually increasing under convection
2) Reducing the amount of concrete, using the low hydration heat of cement, reducing the pouring temperature can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of concrete center. Water conservation, Shop dry sand, plastic foam can be affixed to reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside the concrete.
3) thermal stress of concrete hydration heat in about 48 hours after pouring reached maximum and then gradually decreased, the reason is that a large of hydration heat released in 48 hours after pouring concrete, resulting in volume expansion, leading to surface tension stress. Water conservation can effectively reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside the concrete and maintain that internal and external temperatures are constant after 40 hours, so it can be very effective in reducing the temperature difference between inside and outside concrete and reducing hydration heat stress.
引文
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