高功率毫米波天线双工器研究
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摘要
高功率微波系统指的是频率在300MHz~300GHz间且峰值功率超过100MW,波长跨越毫米波和厘米波的电磁波产生、传输和辐射系统。军事和工业方面的应用促进了高功率微波相关研究的迅猛发展。近年来微波系统呈现出向高频率、高功率方向发展的趋势。对于功率较高的毫米波系统,传统的在微波传输线路中实现双工的方法已经不再适用,必须应用高功率毫米波天线双工器,在天线内部实现双工。
阻燃管,环行器,开关双工器都可以实现双工,但是不能应用于高功率毫米波系统,比较合适的方法是应用金属光栅双工器,其优点是可以克服功率容量的限制。本文研究的是一种金属光栅高功率毫米波天线双工器,其核心器件是一个圆极化器和一个极化分离器。本文首先以自由空间Floquet模理论与平板波导传输理论为基础,推导出单级反射结构的S参数矩阵,编写了相应的数值计算程序。利用该程序对金属光栅结构的高频特性进行分析和验证,进而得到了Ka波段矩形截面的光栅圆极化器和极化分离器的初步设计方案。
在此基础上,利用级联模式匹配方法和阶梯近似方法相结合,编制出分析任意截面的反射式周期性光栅的通用程序,对光栅槽的周期、宽度、深度以及入射角度对圆极化器的TE波和TM波的相位差和极化分离器的-1级衍射波束的反射系数的影响进行模拟计算。最后得出抛物线型圆极化器金属光栅在轴比<1.1时,带宽>10%,抛物线型极化分离器TE波的-1级衍射波束的反射参数幅值大于85%。根据所得到的参数用电磁场仿真软件进行仿真,仿真结果比较好的和数值计算的结果相符,证明了数值计算的正确性。优化后的双工器对功率容量和带宽都有了很高的提升。
High-power microwave systems generally refers to peak power of more than 100MW, the frequency between 300MHz ~ 300GHz, the wavelength span in the millimeter to centimeter-wave electromagnetic waves between the generation, transmission, and launch systems.The application in military and industry promotes the high-power microwave research has made rapid development. In recent years, microwave system shown to high-frequency, high-power direction of the trend.As the millimeter-wave system power is usually high, the traditional method to achieve duplex in the microwave transmission lines is no longer applicable, must be applied to high-power millimeter wave antenna duplexer, the internal antenna to achieve duplex.
Flame tube, circulator, switch duplexer can be realized, but not used in high power millimeter wave systems, more appropriate method is to apply metal grating duplexer, the advantage of the power capacity limits can be overcome. This paper is a kind of metal grating high-power millimeter-wave antenna duplexer, the core device is a polarizer and a polarization splitter. Firstly, in order to free space Floquet-mode theory and the planar waveguide transmission theory, deduced the structure of single-stage reflection S parameter matrix, prepared by the corresponding numerical calculation program. Using this program, high-frequency characteristics of metal grating structure analysis and verification, and then get the Ka-band rectangular grating polarizer and the polarization separator preliminary design.
On this basis, using the cascade pattern matching method and the ladder approximation combined analysis of arbitrary cross section of the preparation of a periodic grating reflective common procedures, the period of grating groove width, depth and angle of incidence on the polarizer the TE wave and TM wave phase and polarization separator -1 order diffraction beam reflection coefficient were obtained. The conclusion that the parabolic metal grating polarizer axis ratio <1.1, the bandwidth of> 10%, parabolic splitter TE wave -1 order diffraction beam with parameter amplitude greater than 85%.According to the parameters obtained by electromagnetic simulation software with the simulation results better match the numerical results prove the correctness of the numerical calculation. Duplexer is optimized for power has a high capacity and bandwidth upgrade.
阻燃管,环行器,开关双工器都可以实现双工,但是不能应用于高功率毫米波系统,比较合适的方法是应用金属光栅双工器,其优点是可以克服功率容量的限制。本文研究的是一种金属光栅高功率毫米波天线双工器,其核心器件是一个圆极化器和一个极化分离器。本文首先以自由空间Floquet模理论与平板波导传输理论为基础,推导出单级反射结构的S参数矩阵,编写了相应的数值计算程序。利用该程序对金属光栅结构的高频特性进行分析和验证,进而得到了Ka波段矩形截面的光栅圆极化器和极化分离器的初步设计方案。
在此基础上,利用级联模式匹配方法和阶梯近似方法相结合,编制出分析任意截面的反射式周期性光栅的通用程序,对光栅槽的周期、宽度、深度以及入射角度对圆极化器的TE波和TM波的相位差和极化分离器的-1级衍射波束的反射系数的影响进行模拟计算。最后得出抛物线型圆极化器金属光栅在轴比<1.1时,带宽>10%,抛物线型极化分离器TE波的-1级衍射波束的反射参数幅值大于85%。根据所得到的参数用电磁场仿真软件进行仿真,仿真结果比较好的和数值计算的结果相符,证明了数值计算的正确性。优化后的双工器对功率容量和带宽都有了很高的提升。
High-power microwave systems generally refers to peak power of more than 100MW, the frequency between 300MHz ~ 300GHz, the wavelength span in the millimeter to centimeter-wave electromagnetic waves between the generation, transmission, and launch systems.The application in military and industry promotes the high-power microwave research has made rapid development. In recent years, microwave system shown to high-frequency, high-power direction of the trend.As the millimeter-wave system power is usually high, the traditional method to achieve duplex in the microwave transmission lines is no longer applicable, must be applied to high-power millimeter wave antenna duplexer, the internal antenna to achieve duplex.
Flame tube, circulator, switch duplexer can be realized, but not used in high power millimeter wave systems, more appropriate method is to apply metal grating duplexer, the advantage of the power capacity limits can be overcome. This paper is a kind of metal grating high-power millimeter-wave antenna duplexer, the core device is a polarizer and a polarization splitter. Firstly, in order to free space Floquet-mode theory and the planar waveguide transmission theory, deduced the structure of single-stage reflection S parameter matrix, prepared by the corresponding numerical calculation program. Using this program, high-frequency characteristics of metal grating structure analysis and verification, and then get the Ka-band rectangular grating polarizer and the polarization separator preliminary design.
On this basis, using the cascade pattern matching method and the ladder approximation combined analysis of arbitrary cross section of the preparation of a periodic grating reflective common procedures, the period of grating groove width, depth and angle of incidence on the polarizer the TE wave and TM wave phase and polarization separator -1 order diffraction beam reflection coefficient were obtained. The conclusion that the parabolic metal grating polarizer axis ratio <1.1, the bandwidth of> 10%, parabolic splitter TE wave -1 order diffraction beam with parameter amplitude greater than 85%.According to the parameters obtained by electromagnetic simulation software with the simulation results better match the numerical results prove the correctness of the numerical calculation. Duplexer is optimized for power has a high capacity and bandwidth upgrade.
引文
[1]阮德兴.毫米波技术及其应用.电讯技术.1981,2:1-2
[2]刘荣丰,李博.毫米波雷达的应用及发展趋势.科协论坛.2009,1(下):87-88
[3]牛新建,王丽,刘迎辉,李宏福.94GHz回旋管过模波导模式转换与传输.强激光与粒子束,2009,21(8):1207-1210
[4]沈维福.双工器的应用与发展.第六届全国磁性材料及应用技术研讨会论文集,成都:2003,247-250
[5]钟哲夫,刘盛纲.用束波导与真空椭圆软波导传输的高功率微波发射系统研究.强激光粒子束,1996,8(3):337-341
[6]董毅敏.高功率微波双工器的模匹配方法优化设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2008,2-7
[7]祝绍箕.衍射光栅.北京:机械工业出版社,1986,10-32
[8]楼仁海,符果行,肖书君.工程电磁理论.北京:国防工业出版社,1991,196-232
[9]李浩.高功率微波高斯馈源的研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003,23-36
[10]钟哲夫.多模角锥喇叭设计方法的改进.电子学报,1997,25(6):81-84
[11] Kang Soo H, Eom Hyo J, Park Tah J. TM-Scattering from a Slit in a Thick Conducting Screen: Revisited. IEEE Trans. MTT,1993,41(5):895-699
[12] Gedney S D, Mittra R. Analysis of the electromagnetic scattering by thick gratings using a combined FEM/MM solution. IEEE Trans. Antennas,1991,39(ll): 1605-1614
[13] Arndt F, Koch B, Orlok H J, Schroeder N. Field theory design of rectangular waveguidebroad-wall metal-insert slot couplers for millimeter-wave applications. IEEE Trans. MTT,1985,33(2):95-104
[14] Arndt F, Tucholke U, Wriedt T. Computer-optimized multisection transformers between rectangular waveguides of adjacent frequency bands. IEEE Trans.MTT,1984, 31(11):1479-1484
[15] Dittlof J, Arndt F, Grauerholz D. Optimum design of waveguide E-plane stub-loaded phase shifters. IEEE Trans. MTT,1988,36(3):583-58
[16] Gian Guido Gentili. Properties of TE-TM Mode-Matching Techniques. IEEE Trans. MTT, 1991,9(9):1669-1673
[17] Park Tah J, Kang Soo H, Eom Hyo J. TE-Scattering from a Slit in a Thick Conducting Screen: Revisited. IEEE Trans. Antennas,1994,42(1):112-114
[18] Hao Liu, Robert Paknys. Scattering From Periodic Array of Grounded Parallel Strips, TE Incidence. IEEE Trans. A P,2002,50(6):798-806
[19] Alinur B¨uy¨ukaksoy, Burak Polat. Plane Wave Diffraction by a Thick-Walled Parallel-Plate Impedance Waveguide. IEEE Trans. Antennas,1998,46(11): 1692-1699
[20]覃惠.高功率微波极化双工栅的研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003:23-29
[21]徐善驾,杨利.一种分析任意形状介质栅绕射特性的有效方法.应用科学学报,1999,17(3):253-258
[22]董建峰,徐善驾.手征介质填充双平板导模的反射和投射特性,电波科学学报, 2005,20(4):429-433
[23]徐善驾,刘建.辐射对准周期多层平板介质栅传输特性的影响,红外与毫米波学报, 1998,17(1):1-6
[24]伍瞻瞻,徐善驾.周期介质结构传输特性的严格模匹配分析,红外与毫米波学报,2004,23(1):21-26
[25] J.L.Hirshfield,P.D.Kolchin,S.V.Kuzikov,M.I.Petelin.Quasi-optical Antenna Duplexers. IEEE Trans. Antennas,2000,18(2): 405-406
[26] G.Khlopov,High Isolation Duplex Millimeter Wave Quasioptic Antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas,2004, 9(4): 697-698
[27]杨恩源.微波光栅圆极化器研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[28]田洪健,任菁圃,牛忠霞,王英杰,等.光纤光栅的模匹配分析方法,光通信技术,2002,26(3):46-49
[29]谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,1980,112-118
[30]黄宏嘉.微波原理.北京:科学出版社,1964,86-103
[31] Robert J.Barker,Edl Schamilogl.高功率微波源与技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2005,106-189
[2]刘荣丰,李博.毫米波雷达的应用及发展趋势.科协论坛.2009,1(下):87-88
[3]牛新建,王丽,刘迎辉,李宏福.94GHz回旋管过模波导模式转换与传输.强激光与粒子束,2009,21(8):1207-1210
[4]沈维福.双工器的应用与发展.第六届全国磁性材料及应用技术研讨会论文集,成都:2003,247-250
[5]钟哲夫,刘盛纲.用束波导与真空椭圆软波导传输的高功率微波发射系统研究.强激光粒子束,1996,8(3):337-341
[6]董毅敏.高功率微波双工器的模匹配方法优化设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2008,2-7
[7]祝绍箕.衍射光栅.北京:机械工业出版社,1986,10-32
[8]楼仁海,符果行,肖书君.工程电磁理论.北京:国防工业出版社,1991,196-232
[9]李浩.高功率微波高斯馈源的研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003,23-36
[10]钟哲夫.多模角锥喇叭设计方法的改进.电子学报,1997,25(6):81-84
[11] Kang Soo H, Eom Hyo J, Park Tah J. TM-Scattering from a Slit in a Thick Conducting Screen: Revisited. IEEE Trans. MTT,1993,41(5):895-699
[12] Gedney S D, Mittra R. Analysis of the electromagnetic scattering by thick gratings using a combined FEM/MM solution. IEEE Trans. Antennas,1991,39(ll): 1605-1614
[13] Arndt F, Koch B, Orlok H J, Schroeder N. Field theory design of rectangular waveguidebroad-wall metal-insert slot couplers for millimeter-wave applications. IEEE Trans. MTT,1985,33(2):95-104
[14] Arndt F, Tucholke U, Wriedt T. Computer-optimized multisection transformers between rectangular waveguides of adjacent frequency bands. IEEE Trans.MTT,1984, 31(11):1479-1484
[15] Dittlof J, Arndt F, Grauerholz D. Optimum design of waveguide E-plane stub-loaded phase shifters. IEEE Trans. MTT,1988,36(3):583-58
[16] Gian Guido Gentili. Properties of TE-TM Mode-Matching Techniques. IEEE Trans. MTT, 1991,9(9):1669-1673
[17] Park Tah J, Kang Soo H, Eom Hyo J. TE-Scattering from a Slit in a Thick Conducting Screen: Revisited. IEEE Trans. Antennas,1994,42(1):112-114
[18] Hao Liu, Robert Paknys. Scattering From Periodic Array of Grounded Parallel Strips, TE Incidence. IEEE Trans. A P,2002,50(6):798-806
[19] Alinur B¨uy¨ukaksoy, Burak Polat. Plane Wave Diffraction by a Thick-Walled Parallel-Plate Impedance Waveguide. IEEE Trans. Antennas,1998,46(11): 1692-1699
[20]覃惠.高功率微波极化双工栅的研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003:23-29
[21]徐善驾,杨利.一种分析任意形状介质栅绕射特性的有效方法.应用科学学报,1999,17(3):253-258
[22]董建峰,徐善驾.手征介质填充双平板导模的反射和投射特性,电波科学学报, 2005,20(4):429-433
[23]徐善驾,刘建.辐射对准周期多层平板介质栅传输特性的影响,红外与毫米波学报, 1998,17(1):1-6
[24]伍瞻瞻,徐善驾.周期介质结构传输特性的严格模匹配分析,红外与毫米波学报,2004,23(1):21-26
[25] J.L.Hirshfield,P.D.Kolchin,S.V.Kuzikov,M.I.Petelin.Quasi-optical Antenna Duplexers. IEEE Trans. Antennas,2000,18(2): 405-406
[26] G.Khlopov,High Isolation Duplex Millimeter Wave Quasioptic Antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas,2004, 9(4): 697-698
[27]杨恩源.微波光栅圆极化器研究:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2006
[28]田洪健,任菁圃,牛忠霞,王英杰,等.光纤光栅的模匹配分析方法,光通信技术,2002,26(3):46-49
[29]谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,1980,112-118
[30]黄宏嘉.微波原理.北京:科学出版社,1964,86-103
[31] Robert J.Barker,Edl Schamilogl.高功率微波源与技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2005,106-189