复杂地理环境变电所接地系统的设计与研究
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摘要
在目前国内的变电所接地系统设计中,采用常规水平接地极网加上垂直接地极的型式最为普遍。这种接地方式对于普通土质均匀的土壤及常规变电所是适用的,但随着系统短路容量的增大和变电所接地电阻要求值的降低,加上新形势下变电所的小型化、多样化,所处地理环境日趋复杂化,这种常规接地系统和常规的接地电阻计算方法已经无法满足接地系统的新要求。
基于以上问题,本文对变电所接地电阻及影响接地网接地电阻的因素进行了理论分析,列举了降低变电所接地电阻的各种措施,同时进行了不同地理环境不同类型的变电所降低接地电阻措施的优化选择及其在电力系统中的实际应用。
本文通过对温州地区几个不同地理环境的变电所接地系统设计方案的分析和比较表明,因地制宜地灵活应用各种不同降阻措施或者在一个变电所综合利用几种不同的降阻措施可以满足不同类型变电所对接地系统的要求,在技术上做到安全可靠,在经济上做到节省投资,在施工上做到方便快捷,对于电网建设和运行具有十分重要的意义。
In our design of grounding system in substation, compound grounding network is adopted widely which is composed of horizontal grids and vertical grounding rods. This method apply to even soil structure and general substation. But with the increasing of electric power system short-circuit capability and the reduction of grounding resistance demand, and with the increasing of diminutive and various substations in the new situation, this ordinary grounding system and calculation method can't suit the new demand.Because of the problem mentioned above, we analyses the substation grounding resistance theory and factors which affect the substation grounding resistance. This paper first lists steps which can decrease the grounding resistance, then chooses the best grounding ways of different substations in different geographical environments, last shows different grounding ways being practiced in electric power system.This paper analyzed and compared several grounding system projects in different geographical environment of Wenzhou. Adopting suitable and different ways of decreasing grounding resistance in different substations or adopting comprehensive ways in the same sudstation can meet the demands of different substation grounding resistance and can also meet the technical and economical demands. Those practical applies have very important significance for electric network construction and operation.
基于以上问题,本文对变电所接地电阻及影响接地网接地电阻的因素进行了理论分析,列举了降低变电所接地电阻的各种措施,同时进行了不同地理环境不同类型的变电所降低接地电阻措施的优化选择及其在电力系统中的实际应用。
本文通过对温州地区几个不同地理环境的变电所接地系统设计方案的分析和比较表明,因地制宜地灵活应用各种不同降阻措施或者在一个变电所综合利用几种不同的降阻措施可以满足不同类型变电所对接地系统的要求,在技术上做到安全可靠,在经济上做到节省投资,在施工上做到方便快捷,对于电网建设和运行具有十分重要的意义。
In our design of grounding system in substation, compound grounding network is adopted widely which is composed of horizontal grids and vertical grounding rods. This method apply to even soil structure and general substation. But with the increasing of electric power system short-circuit capability and the reduction of grounding resistance demand, and with the increasing of diminutive and various substations in the new situation, this ordinary grounding system and calculation method can't suit the new demand.Because of the problem mentioned above, we analyses the substation grounding resistance theory and factors which affect the substation grounding resistance. This paper first lists steps which can decrease the grounding resistance, then chooses the best grounding ways of different substations in different geographical environments, last shows different grounding ways being practiced in electric power system.This paper analyzed and compared several grounding system projects in different geographical environment of Wenzhou. Adopting suitable and different ways of decreasing grounding resistance in different substations or adopting comprehensive ways in the same sudstation can meet the demands of different substation grounding resistance and can also meet the technical and economical demands. Those practical applies have very important significance for electric network construction and operation.
引文
1.解广润.电力系统接地技术.北京:水利电力出版社,1991
2.李润先.中压电网系统接地实用技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
3.西北电力设计院.电气工程电气设计手册:电气一次部分.北京:水利电力出版社,1989
4.DL/T621-1997.交流电气装置的接地
5.DL/T620-1997.交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合
6.SDJ8-79.电力设备接地技术规程
7.DL/T5091-1999.水利发电厂接地设计技术导则
8.林幼晖.变电站接地系统的设计步骤.电力建设,2001(1):32-34,36
9.李超.城市中心大型地下式变电站的接地网.电力建设,2003(4):39-41
10.李承国,何金良,曾嵘,刘福卿.利用周边地理环境降低城区变电所接地电阻.中国电力,2001(11):50-53
11.王洪泽.复合接地网接地电阻的简化计算.电网技术,2001(8):70-72
12.王洪泽.双层土壤接地网电阻的简化计算.广西电力工程,1998(4):11-17
13.王洪泽.双层土壤任意形状接地网电阻的计算公式.广西电力建设科技信息,2001(1):5-11
14.王洪泽.计算双层土壤中接地体和接地网电阻的16个新公式.广西电力工程,1998(3):2-11
15.王洪泽.互联接地网接地电阻的计算.广西电力建设科技信息,1994(3):14-19
16.王洪泽,王梦云.关于一座500kV变电所接地网改造的分析和教训.广西电力建设科技信息,2002(3):8-12
17.王洪泽.新接地规范中接地网参数计算方法.广西电力工程,1997(2):6-11
18.王洪泽.几种接地网最大接触电位差的计算.高电压技术,2000(8):56-58
19.何金良,沈亚东,孙为民,曾嵘,高延庆.发变电站接地系统的季节系数分析.高压电器,2003(6):1-3
20.钱永平,钱航.应用电解离子接地系统降低接地电阻.浙江电力,2001(3):38-39
21.翁羽丰.接地装置腐蚀分析及材料选用建议.浙江电力,2003(4):54-56
22.王洪泽.双层土壤打入下层土壤的垂直电极接地电阻的简化公式.广西电力建设科技信息,2002(1):1-5
23.陈慈萱,李爱民.降阻剂对工频和冲击接地电阻的影响及其应用范围.高电压技术,1989(3):59-64
24.李景禄.关于接地工程中降阻剂性能的探讨.供用电,2003(2):35-37
25.孟庆波,何金良.降低接地装置接地电阻的新方法.高电压技术,1996(6):67-68
26.孟庆波,何金良.深——压降阻法的应用.高电压技术,1996(12):23-25
27.张玉亮.采用建筑物钢筋混凝土基础作为接地体的探讨.辽宁建筑,1994(2):39-40,10
28. ANSI/IEEE Std80-2000. IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding [S], 2000
29. F Dawalibi, N Barbeito. Measurements and computations of the performance of grounding systems buffed in multiplayer soils [J]. IEEE. Transactions on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(4): 1483-1490
30.满河清.漫湾发电厂主接地网改造.云南电力技术,1999(2):14-16,19
31.王洪泽.计算复合接地体接地电阻的新公式.高电压技术,1993(12):49-52
32.李景禄.关于降阻剂在接地工程应用方面的探讨.电瓷避雷器,2002(5):35-38
33.杨建军.深井接地极在水口水电站的实践.华东水电技术,1997(3):38-41
34.陈化钢.对变电所接地网安全判据的探讨.高电压技术,1996(3):59-61
35.彭向阳,文习山,陈慈萱.大型水电站接地网接地电阻的初步计算.中国电力,1997(7):10-13
36.王洪泽,黄家焕,韦巍,李明贵,杨明志,陆伟兴.多石地区深孔接地降低变电站接地网接地电阻的研究.广西电力技术,1996(4):9-16
37.冯霞.接地装置的设计及降阻材料的应用.云南电力技术,2002(5):52-54
38.廖福旺.500kV变电站外延接地网设计方法与工程实践.福建电力与电工,2001(12):1-4
2.李润先.中压电网系统接地实用技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
3.西北电力设计院.电气工程电气设计手册:电气一次部分.北京:水利电力出版社,1989
4.DL/T621-1997.交流电气装置的接地
5.DL/T620-1997.交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合
6.SDJ8-79.电力设备接地技术规程
7.DL/T5091-1999.水利发电厂接地设计技术导则
8.林幼晖.变电站接地系统的设计步骤.电力建设,2001(1):32-34,36
9.李超.城市中心大型地下式变电站的接地网.电力建设,2003(4):39-41
10.李承国,何金良,曾嵘,刘福卿.利用周边地理环境降低城区变电所接地电阻.中国电力,2001(11):50-53
11.王洪泽.复合接地网接地电阻的简化计算.电网技术,2001(8):70-72
12.王洪泽.双层土壤接地网电阻的简化计算.广西电力工程,1998(4):11-17
13.王洪泽.双层土壤任意形状接地网电阻的计算公式.广西电力建设科技信息,2001(1):5-11
14.王洪泽.计算双层土壤中接地体和接地网电阻的16个新公式.广西电力工程,1998(3):2-11
15.王洪泽.互联接地网接地电阻的计算.广西电力建设科技信息,1994(3):14-19
16.王洪泽,王梦云.关于一座500kV变电所接地网改造的分析和教训.广西电力建设科技信息,2002(3):8-12
17.王洪泽.新接地规范中接地网参数计算方法.广西电力工程,1997(2):6-11
18.王洪泽.几种接地网最大接触电位差的计算.高电压技术,2000(8):56-58
19.何金良,沈亚东,孙为民,曾嵘,高延庆.发变电站接地系统的季节系数分析.高压电器,2003(6):1-3
20.钱永平,钱航.应用电解离子接地系统降低接地电阻.浙江电力,2001(3):38-39
21.翁羽丰.接地装置腐蚀分析及材料选用建议.浙江电力,2003(4):54-56
22.王洪泽.双层土壤打入下层土壤的垂直电极接地电阻的简化公式.广西电力建设科技信息,2002(1):1-5
23.陈慈萱,李爱民.降阻剂对工频和冲击接地电阻的影响及其应用范围.高电压技术,1989(3):59-64
24.李景禄.关于接地工程中降阻剂性能的探讨.供用电,2003(2):35-37
25.孟庆波,何金良.降低接地装置接地电阻的新方法.高电压技术,1996(6):67-68
26.孟庆波,何金良.深——压降阻法的应用.高电压技术,1996(12):23-25
27.张玉亮.采用建筑物钢筋混凝土基础作为接地体的探讨.辽宁建筑,1994(2):39-40,10
28. ANSI/IEEE Std80-2000. IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding [S], 2000
29. F Dawalibi, N Barbeito. Measurements and computations of the performance of grounding systems buffed in multiplayer soils [J]. IEEE. Transactions on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(4): 1483-1490
30.满河清.漫湾发电厂主接地网改造.云南电力技术,1999(2):14-16,19
31.王洪泽.计算复合接地体接地电阻的新公式.高电压技术,1993(12):49-52
32.李景禄.关于降阻剂在接地工程应用方面的探讨.电瓷避雷器,2002(5):35-38
33.杨建军.深井接地极在水口水电站的实践.华东水电技术,1997(3):38-41
34.陈化钢.对变电所接地网安全判据的探讨.高电压技术,1996(3):59-61
35.彭向阳,文习山,陈慈萱.大型水电站接地网接地电阻的初步计算.中国电力,1997(7):10-13
36.王洪泽,黄家焕,韦巍,李明贵,杨明志,陆伟兴.多石地区深孔接地降低变电站接地网接地电阻的研究.广西电力技术,1996(4):9-16
37.冯霞.接地装置的设计及降阻材料的应用.云南电力技术,2002(5):52-54
38.廖福旺.500kV变电站外延接地网设计方法与工程实践.福建电力与电工,2001(12):1-4