西苕溪干流水环境容量研究
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摘要
本文根据西苕溪的水环境和水文学特性,并结合室内和现场实验,对西苕溪流域干流的水环境质量现状进行了分析评价。采用单因子评价方法得出了西苕溪的主要污染物是有机物和氨氮。
本研究采用了美国环保局开发的河流综合水质模型QUAL2K对西苕溪干流水质进行了模拟,根据水文和水质资料确定模型的参数。该模型具有综合性、多样性和灵活通用的特点,是进行河流水质定量模拟的有力工具。在对水质模型进行验证和灵敏度分析的基础上,利用河流水质模型QUAL2K模型,对河流进行水质模拟,并计算其水环境容量。结果表明,QUAL2K模型可较好地模拟和预测西苕溪干流水质。
用环境容量法和模型试错法两种方法,分别对西苕溪干流各河段的环境容量进行计算,分析比较结果,确定本文采用的方法。根据水体功能类别的水质标准和相应的水环境容量,对超过水体水环境容量的河段要进行污染物总量削减。根据允许排放量,采用等比例削减的方法进行总量控制分配,使削减后的污染源排放的污染物达到排放标准。最后针对西苕溪污染的实际情况,提出了污染物防治的对策和措施以及保证总量控制目标实施的具体措施。
On the basis of the characters of water environment as well as hydrology, we combined with both laboratory and field experiments, at the same time, analysis and evaluation had been done with regard to the specific conditions of water environmental quality of West Shaoxi main stream. The main pollution of West Shaoxi was organic compound and ammonia nitrogen by the method of the evaluation of single factor according to the current data.
The water quality of West Shaoxi was adopted in this study by QUAL2K, a powerful comprehensive water quality software for rivers developed by Environmental Protection Agency of United States, which was characterized by its comprehension, multi-purposes. Based on the flow characteristics, water quality model coefficient was also identified. On the basis of the test and sensitive analysis of the model, water environmental capacity was calculated when water quality was simulated by QUAL2K model. The results showed that this model could be well used in West Shaoxi for water quality modeling and prediction.
Using the environment capacity method and model trial method calculated the environment capacity of the main reach in West Shaoxi. Analyzing the results to decide the adopting method. The reach that surpassed the water environmental capacity should be cut down according to the water quality standard. On the basis of the allowing discharge, we adopted equal ratio curtailment method to distribute TAC in order to meet the discharge standard after minifying. At last, the Countermeasures of pollutants control and the measure of TAC implementing goal were put forward in the research area.
本研究采用了美国环保局开发的河流综合水质模型QUAL2K对西苕溪干流水质进行了模拟,根据水文和水质资料确定模型的参数。该模型具有综合性、多样性和灵活通用的特点,是进行河流水质定量模拟的有力工具。在对水质模型进行验证和灵敏度分析的基础上,利用河流水质模型QUAL2K模型,对河流进行水质模拟,并计算其水环境容量。结果表明,QUAL2K模型可较好地模拟和预测西苕溪干流水质。
用环境容量法和模型试错法两种方法,分别对西苕溪干流各河段的环境容量进行计算,分析比较结果,确定本文采用的方法。根据水体功能类别的水质标准和相应的水环境容量,对超过水体水环境容量的河段要进行污染物总量削减。根据允许排放量,采用等比例削减的方法进行总量控制分配,使削减后的污染源排放的污染物达到排放标准。最后针对西苕溪污染的实际情况,提出了污染物防治的对策和措施以及保证总量控制目标实施的具体措施。
On the basis of the characters of water environment as well as hydrology, we combined with both laboratory and field experiments, at the same time, analysis and evaluation had been done with regard to the specific conditions of water environmental quality of West Shaoxi main stream. The main pollution of West Shaoxi was organic compound and ammonia nitrogen by the method of the evaluation of single factor according to the current data.
The water quality of West Shaoxi was adopted in this study by QUAL2K, a powerful comprehensive water quality software for rivers developed by Environmental Protection Agency of United States, which was characterized by its comprehension, multi-purposes. Based on the flow characteristics, water quality model coefficient was also identified. On the basis of the test and sensitive analysis of the model, water environmental capacity was calculated when water quality was simulated by QUAL2K model. The results showed that this model could be well used in West Shaoxi for water quality modeling and prediction.
Using the environment capacity method and model trial method calculated the environment capacity of the main reach in West Shaoxi. Analyzing the results to decide the adopting method. The reach that surpassed the water environmental capacity should be cut down according to the water quality standard. On the basis of the allowing discharge, we adopted equal ratio curtailment method to distribute TAC in order to meet the discharge standard after minifying. At last, the Countermeasures of pollutants control and the measure of TAC implementing goal were put forward in the research area.
引文
[1]《中国环境状况公报》,2006
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[47]宋策,唐允吉,王克平.陕西汉江干流有机质环境容量研究[J].陕西水力发电,2001,17(4):57-60
[48]梁荫.岷江都江堰段水环境容量计算及水质综合评价[J].四川环境,1996,15(2):58-63
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[50]刘宝晨,柳欣,蒋春华.牡丹江流域水环境容量计算及特征分析[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(6):7-12
[51]Zaheer I,Cui G B.Intergrated Approach Towards Water Pollution Control[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2002,14(2):125-133
[52]周海阳,黄娟,程炜.常熟河网区水污染物总量控制研究[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):15-18
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[2]江苏省太湖流域城市环境治理项目环境影响报告书(报批版)[M].江苏:河海大学环境水利研究所,2004.3
[3]喻良,刘遂庆,王牧阳等.基于水环境模型的水环境容量计算的研究[J].河南科学,2006,24(6):874-876
[4]陈丁江,吕军,金树权等.河流水环境容量的估算和分配研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(3):123-127
[5]方国华,于凤存,曹永潇.中国水环境容量研究概述[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(27):8601-8602
[6]苏雅拉图,于长水,张敏等.水环境容量研究在环境管理中的实施过程初探[J].内蒙古环境保护,2005,17(3):20-23
[7]李适宇,李耀初,陈炳禄等.分区达标控制法求解海域环境容量[J].环境科学,1999,(7):96-99
[8]陈兴伟,刘梅冰.感潮河道水环境容量理论及计算的若干问题[J].福建师范大学学报,2006,22(2):104-107
[9]杨志平,孙伟.潮汐河流动态水环境容量计算方法探讨[J].上海环境科学,1995,14(6):14-16
[10]徐贵泉,褚君达,吴祖扬等.感潮河网水环境容量影响因素研究[J].水科学进展,2000,12(4):375-380
[11]徐贵泉,褚君达,吴祖扬等.感潮河网水环境容量数值计算[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(3):263-268
[12]徐祖信.潮汐河网水环境容量的计算分析[J].上海环境科学,2003,22(4):254-257
[13]郊孝宇,褚君达,朱维斌.河网非稳态水环境容量研究[J].水科学进展,1997,8(1):25-31
[14]Fujiwara O,Gnanendran S K,Ohgaki S.River quality management under stochastic stream flow[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1986,112(2):185-198
[15]B N,Thanh N C.Probabilistic water quality control polices[J].Journal of ental Engineering Division,1979,105(10):723-725
[16]Ellis J H.Stochastic Water quality optimization using imbedded chance constraints[J].Water Resources Research,1987,23(12):2227-2238
[17]Cardwell H,Ellis H.Stochastic dynamic programming models for water quality management[J].Water Resources Research,1993,29(4):803-813
[18]Donald H B,Barbara J L.Comparison of optimization formulations for waste-load allocations[J].Journal of Environmental engineering,1992,118(4):597-612
[19]李本纲,陶澎,曹军.水环境模型与水环境模型库管理[J].水科学进展,2002,13(1):14-20
[20]徐祖信,廖振良.水质数学模型研究的发展阶段和空间层次[J].上海环境科学,2003,22(2):79-85
[21]钟政林,曾光明,卓利等.马尔科夫过程在河流综合水质预报中的应用[J].环境工程,1997,15(2):41-45
[22]Loueks K P,Lynn W R.Probabilistic models for Predicting stream quality[J].Water Resources Research,1996,3(2):583-605
[23]Mehta B M,Ahlert R C,Vu s L.Stochastic variation of water quality of the Passaic river[J].Water Resources Research,1975,2(11):300-308
[24]Shih S S.Stochastic water quality control by simulation[J].Water Resources Bull,1975,3(11):256-266
[25]Bowles D S,Greenery W J.Steady state river quality modeling by sequential extended Kalman filter[J].Water Resources Res.,1978,1(14):84-96
[26]Burges S J,Lettenmaiier D P.Probabilistic methods in stream quality management[J].Water Resources Bull,1975,1(11):115-130
[27]Dewey R J.Application of Stochastic Dissolved oxygen model[J].J.of Environmental Engineering,ASCE,1984,2(10):412-429
[28]Finney B A,Bowles D S,Windham M P.Random differential equations in river water quality modeling[J].Water Resources Research,1982,1(18):122-134
[29]Padgett W J,Rao A N V.Estimation of BOB and DO Probability distribution[J].J.Environmental Engineering,ASCE,1979,2(105):525-533
[30]Zielinski P A.Stochastic dissolved oxygen model[J].J.Environmental Eng.,ASCE,1988,1(114):74-90
[31]宋伟忠.西苕溪水文特征简析[J].浙江水利科技,2001,6(2):19-21
[32]陆雍森.环境评价[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[33]肖中新,孙世群.淮河干流安徽段水环境质量评价[J].安徽农业大学学报,2007,34(3):456-460
[34]蒋火华,梁德华,吴贞丽.河流水环境质量综合评价方法比较研究[J].干旱环境监测,2000,14(3):139-142
[35]湖州市地表水功能区划[Z].内部资料.湖州市环保局.2005
[36]Kamal M M,Anders M H,Badruzzaman A B M.Assessment of Pollution of the River Buriganga,Banglandesh,Using a Water Quality Model[J].Wat.Sci.Teeh.1998,40(2):129-136
[37]Somlyody L,Henze M,Koncsos L.Rive Water Quality Modeling:Ⅲ[J].Future of the Art.IAWQ Biennial International Conference,Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,1998,6:21-26
[38]廖震良,宋卫峰.应用水质模型方法研究河流污染控制[J].江苏环境科技,2003,13(4):15-17
[39]国家环境保护总局监督管理司.中国环境影响评价[M].化学工业出版社,2000:142-143
[40]Drolc A,Zagorc J K.Calibration of QUAL2K model for the Sava River(Slovenia)[J].Water Science and Technology,1999,40(10):111-118
[41]YangM D,Sykes RM,Merry C J.Estimation of algal biological parameters using water quality modeling and SPOT satellite data[J].Ecological Modeling,2000,125:1-13
[42]Rajat R C,Jose A H S,Raymond M W.Dissolved Oxygen Modeling of The Blackstone River(Northeastern United States)[J].Water Research,1998,32(8):2400-2412
[43]Venter S N,Steynberg M C,Holhs D.A situational analysis of the microbial water quality in a per-urban catchment in south Africa[J].Water science technology,1997,35(11-12):119-124
[44]Rauch W,Henze M,Koncsos L.River Water Quality Modeling:Ⅰ[J].State of Art.Wat.Sci.Tech.1998,38(11):237-244
[45]Shanahan P,Henze M,Koncsos L.River Water Quality Modeling:Ⅱ[J].Problems of the Art.Wat.Sci.Tech.1998,38(11):245-252
[46]杨海林,杨顺生.河流综合水质模型QUAL2E在河流水质模拟中的应用[J]。云南环境科学,2003,22(2):22-25
[47]宋策,唐允吉,王克平.陕西汉江干流有机质环境容量研究[J].陕西水力发电,2001,17(4):57-60
[48]梁荫.岷江都江堰段水环境容量计算及水质综合评价[J].四川环境,1996,15(2):58-63
[49]L T H.Analysis for assessing the behaviour of a landscape-based sediment source and transport model[J].Environmental Modeling & Software,2003,(18):741-752
[50]刘宝晨,柳欣,蒋春华.牡丹江流域水环境容量计算及特征分析[J].环境科学与管理,2007,32(6):7-12
[51]Zaheer I,Cui G B.Intergrated Approach Towards Water Pollution Control[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2002,14(2):125-133
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