哈尔滨市群力新区公园湿地景观设计研究
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摘要
本课题在群力新区整体规划(2004-2020)和群力新区控制性详细规划的基础上展开,确定群力新区公园用地范围内的湿地作为研究对象。
针对国内外关于湿地、湿地景观、公园湿地建设的相关资料展开分析,对目前国内外公园湿地景观设计的动向和基本发展趋势形成基本的把握,并对公园湿地景观设计有关的理论进行总结,为开展群力新区公园湿地景观设计打下基础。
根据国内外相关组织和课题研究对于湿地类型的定义,确定在群力新区公园中有明确分布的湿地类型为湖泊型湿地、河流型湿地和人工湿地三大类,对各类湿地展开分析,得出其在生态多样性、生境多样性、生态性、景观性以及社会文化性等方面的具体资料,明确群力新区公园湿地的相关特性。
以雨阳公园、体育公园、城市湿地公园三个公园为重点调研对象,分析群力新区公园湿地景观设计的现状,总结寒地气候影响下湿地景观设计在设计理念、功能分区、景观元素应用、后期维护管理等方面的成功和不足之处,受相关启发总结出群力新区公园湿地景观设计的原则和策略。
以群力新区公园湿地的特性为前提、以寒地地域特色为出发点、以群力新区公园湿地景观设计的原则和策略为指导,按照软质景观元素、硬质景观元素和其他景观元素的分类,进行群力新区公园湿地景观设计相关元素应用方法的研究,从而得出各景观元素的景观形态、构成类别以及具体设计要点和方法,以此为据,与目前的群力新区公园湿地景观设计形成对比,以期让现状有所改善,并为以后的景观设计做出指导,以期对未来有所借鉴。
在研究过程中得到以下结论：群力新区公园湿地受寒地气候影响及人为活动的破坏,存在其特殊性,生态性较脆弱、生物多样性欠丰富且景观性较差；群力新区目前的公园湿地景观设计较为科学,但仍存在不足；群力新区公园湿地景观设计应该从自身特性出发,本着系统性、生态性、多用性、适用性的原则,并结合湿地保护、生态恢复和生境营造等相关策略,以软质景观元素、硬质景观元素和其他景观元素为基础在充分体现地域特色、展示生态文化的前提下进行。
群力新区的建设刚刚起步,公园系统的建设也刚刚步入正轨,公园湿地景观的建设正在探索,现在开展关于公园湿地景观设计的相关研究很有必要,希望研究中群力新区公园湿地的相关特性能为后续研究提供资料,也希望得出的群力新区公园湿地景观设计的原则、策略和方法,能为以后的公园湿地景观建设提供科学的参考和依据。
This topic is based on the overall planning of Qunli district (2004-2020) and its regulatory detailed planning, the wetland of the new starting park in Qunli is determined as the object in this research.
According to domestic and international wetlands, wetland landscape and the related data of wetland park construction, this paper grasp the trend and development of wetland park landscape design internationally, summarize related theory, and complete the preparation for wetland park landscape design in Qunli area.
According to the domestic and foreign relevant organizations and research on the definition of the types of wetlands, the park in Qunli district is the distribution of three kinds of various wetlands:the lakes, the rivers and the artificial wetlands. By analyzing different kinds of wetlands, we get the information on ecological diversity, habitat diversity, landscape, ecology, and social culture of concrete material, etc. and clarify related properties of Qunli new wetland park.
Choosing Yuyang Park, Sports Park, and Urban Wetland Park as three key research objects, we analyze current situation of wetland park landscape constructions in Qunli district, summarize the advantages and deficiencies under the influence of the cold ground climate from wetland landscape design concept, functional partition, application of landscape elements, post management. Inspired by related ideas, the principles and strategies of wetland park landscape design in Qunli new district are gained here.
To premise with characteristics of wetland park in Qunli new district, to start with Cold geographic features, and to guide by the principles and strategies of wetland landscape design, in accordance with the classification of the soft landscape elements, hard landscape elements and other landscape elements, the method of related elements is devised and applied. Then, it is obtained that landscape forms, constitution category, and specific points and means of landscape design. Comparing with the current landscape design in Qunli area, improvement of landscape design is explored in order to use as reference for future work.
In the process of research, conclusions are as following:Qunli Wetland Park is influenced by the weather of cold ground and human activities; it has its own particularity, including a fragile ecosystem, poor biodiversity and inferior landscape. Although wetland park of Qunli area is design with a scientific measure, there still exist deficiencies. The design on wetland landscape of Qunli area should begin with their own characteristics, accord to the principle of systematic ness, ecology, multi-purpose, applicability, combine with relevant strategies on wetland protection, ecological restoration and habitat creation, base on soft, hard and other landscape elements, and fully reflect the regional features, as well as show ecological culture. Qunli design is a new construction project, and the park is just right on track, now the research about wetland landscape design of the park is very necessary. We hope that related properties of wetland park of Qunli area which we've obtained here could supply of information for the subsequent research, also wish that principles, strategies and methods we've studied here could provide scientific reference and basis for the future construction of park wetland.
针对国内外关于湿地、湿地景观、公园湿地建设的相关资料展开分析,对目前国内外公园湿地景观设计的动向和基本发展趋势形成基本的把握,并对公园湿地景观设计有关的理论进行总结,为开展群力新区公园湿地景观设计打下基础。
根据国内外相关组织和课题研究对于湿地类型的定义,确定在群力新区公园中有明确分布的湿地类型为湖泊型湿地、河流型湿地和人工湿地三大类,对各类湿地展开分析,得出其在生态多样性、生境多样性、生态性、景观性以及社会文化性等方面的具体资料,明确群力新区公园湿地的相关特性。
以雨阳公园、体育公园、城市湿地公园三个公园为重点调研对象,分析群力新区公园湿地景观设计的现状,总结寒地气候影响下湿地景观设计在设计理念、功能分区、景观元素应用、后期维护管理等方面的成功和不足之处,受相关启发总结出群力新区公园湿地景观设计的原则和策略。
以群力新区公园湿地的特性为前提、以寒地地域特色为出发点、以群力新区公园湿地景观设计的原则和策略为指导,按照软质景观元素、硬质景观元素和其他景观元素的分类,进行群力新区公园湿地景观设计相关元素应用方法的研究,从而得出各景观元素的景观形态、构成类别以及具体设计要点和方法,以此为据,与目前的群力新区公园湿地景观设计形成对比,以期让现状有所改善,并为以后的景观设计做出指导,以期对未来有所借鉴。
在研究过程中得到以下结论：群力新区公园湿地受寒地气候影响及人为活动的破坏,存在其特殊性,生态性较脆弱、生物多样性欠丰富且景观性较差；群力新区目前的公园湿地景观设计较为科学,但仍存在不足；群力新区公园湿地景观设计应该从自身特性出发,本着系统性、生态性、多用性、适用性的原则,并结合湿地保护、生态恢复和生境营造等相关策略,以软质景观元素、硬质景观元素和其他景观元素为基础在充分体现地域特色、展示生态文化的前提下进行。
群力新区的建设刚刚起步,公园系统的建设也刚刚步入正轨,公园湿地景观的建设正在探索,现在开展关于公园湿地景观设计的相关研究很有必要,希望研究中群力新区公园湿地的相关特性能为后续研究提供资料,也希望得出的群力新区公园湿地景观设计的原则、策略和方法,能为以后的公园湿地景观建设提供科学的参考和依据。
This topic is based on the overall planning of Qunli district (2004-2020) and its regulatory detailed planning, the wetland of the new starting park in Qunli is determined as the object in this research.
According to domestic and international wetlands, wetland landscape and the related data of wetland park construction, this paper grasp the trend and development of wetland park landscape design internationally, summarize related theory, and complete the preparation for wetland park landscape design in Qunli area.
According to the domestic and foreign relevant organizations and research on the definition of the types of wetlands, the park in Qunli district is the distribution of three kinds of various wetlands:the lakes, the rivers and the artificial wetlands. By analyzing different kinds of wetlands, we get the information on ecological diversity, habitat diversity, landscape, ecology, and social culture of concrete material, etc. and clarify related properties of Qunli new wetland park.
Choosing Yuyang Park, Sports Park, and Urban Wetland Park as three key research objects, we analyze current situation of wetland park landscape constructions in Qunli district, summarize the advantages and deficiencies under the influence of the cold ground climate from wetland landscape design concept, functional partition, application of landscape elements, post management. Inspired by related ideas, the principles and strategies of wetland park landscape design in Qunli new district are gained here.
To premise with characteristics of wetland park in Qunli new district, to start with Cold geographic features, and to guide by the principles and strategies of wetland landscape design, in accordance with the classification of the soft landscape elements, hard landscape elements and other landscape elements, the method of related elements is devised and applied. Then, it is obtained that landscape forms, constitution category, and specific points and means of landscape design. Comparing with the current landscape design in Qunli area, improvement of landscape design is explored in order to use as reference for future work.
In the process of research, conclusions are as following:Qunli Wetland Park is influenced by the weather of cold ground and human activities; it has its own particularity, including a fragile ecosystem, poor biodiversity and inferior landscape. Although wetland park of Qunli area is design with a scientific measure, there still exist deficiencies. The design on wetland landscape of Qunli area should begin with their own characteristics, accord to the principle of systematic ness, ecology, multi-purpose, applicability, combine with relevant strategies on wetland protection, ecological restoration and habitat creation, base on soft, hard and other landscape elements, and fully reflect the regional features, as well as show ecological culture. Qunli design is a new construction project, and the park is just right on track, now the research about wetland landscape design of the park is very necessary. We hope that related properties of wetland park of Qunli area which we've obtained here could supply of information for the subsequent research, also wish that principles, strategies and methods we've studied here could provide scientific reference and basis for the future construction of park wetland.
引文
[1]群力新区开发建设概况／群力简介[EB／OL].群力新区开发建设办公室公共网站.http://www.qunlixinqu.com/(2007-08-02)
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[4]John R. Wwlls et al, The Minnesota Wetland Evaluation Methodology For The North Central United States.1988
[5]汤蕾,赵冰梅.国外湿地研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008(36)：27
[6](美)克雷格·S·坎贝尔,迈克尔·H·奥格登著,吴晓芙译.湿地与景观[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2005.1
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[9]Sparks R. The UppermississippiRiver[J].Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems. Nat Acad Press, Washington. D, C.1992(03):406-411
[10]吕永,陈克林.国内外湿地保护与利用案例分析及其对镜湖国家湿地公园生态旅游的启示[J].湿地科学.2006(4)：269
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[2]赵思毅,侍菲菲著.湿地概念与湿地公园设计[J].南京：东南大学出版社,2006.10
[3]李长荣.湿地的经济价值及其合理利用[J].中国西部科技,2004(6)：8
[4]John R. Wwlls et al, The Minnesota Wetland Evaluation Methodology For The North Central United States.1988
[5]汤蕾,赵冰梅.国外湿地研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2008(36)：27
[6](美)克雷格·S·坎贝尔,迈克尔·H·奥格登著,吴晓芙译.湿地与景观[M].北京：中国林业出版社,2005.1
[7]赵绘宇.国外湿地立法之体例、宗旨与管理体制研究[J].林业经济,2006(11)
[8]U S Nationl Research Council. Restoration of Aquatu Ecosystems[M]. Nat Acad Press, Washington. D, C.1992
[9]Sparks R. The UppermississippiRiver[J].Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems. Nat Acad Press, Washington. D, C.1992(03):406-411
[10]吕永,陈克林.国内外湿地保护与利用案例分析及其对镜湖国家湿地公园生态旅游的启示[J].湿地科学.2006(4)：269
[11]王晨轶,张剑侠.东北湿地生态环境调研.黑龙江气象,2007.4
[12]孙法德,王勇等.黑龙江省湿地资源保护与开发利用.国土与自然资源研究,2004(1)
[13]王跃先,王刚.浅谈建构我国湿地资源保护法的必要性及可行性.黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报,2004(4)
[14]Scott Wallace. Advanced designs for constructed wetlands [J]:Biocycle,2001,42(6): 40-43
[15]陈长太,王雪.国外人工湿地技术的应用及研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2003.12
[16]丁一巨,罗华.法国雪铁龙公园[J].园林,2003(23)：42-43
[17]Changes in Hydro logical Cycle Due to Urbanization in the Subure of Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan. Kondoh, A., J. Nishiyama. [J] Advanced Space research, 2000,26(7):1173-1176
[18]Hashiba H., K. Kameda, 《Analysis of and use change in periphery of Tokyo during last twenty years using the same seasonal land sat data》. [J]. Advanced Space research,2000,22(5):681-684
[19]张明祥,严承高.中国湿地效益研究[J].林业资源管理,1999(3)：43-44
[20]熊瑶,杨云峰.浅析湿地与城市湿地公园[J].科技信息,2007(12)
[21]张毅川,乔丽芳等.城市湿地资源景观建设研究[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006.12
[22]韩阳.城市公园湿地保护规划研究[D].湖南大学,2006
[23]刘德明.寒地城市公共环境设计[D].哈尔滨工业大学,1995
[24]杨文悦.哈尔滨市环境景观及其评价研究[D].东北林业大学,1995：17
[25]Bolund, P. and Hunhammar. S. Analysis ecosystem services in urban areas[J]. Ecological Ecomonics,1999(29):293-301
[26]田哗莉.城市湿地公园初探[D].北京林业大学2006.12
[27]付娟.城市湿地公园生态保护规划研究[D].华中农业大学,2007：62
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