里下河地区尾水处理方案研究
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摘要
里下河地区是有名的“锅底洼”地区，西有京杭大运河、东有通榆河两条南水北调的清水通道。随着苏北地区工业化进程的加快，该地区尾水面临出路问题。本论文在资料收集、现状调查和查阅文献的基础上，对里下河地区的兴化市、高邮市和宝应县的水环境现状进行了评价，并结合污染源预测，对该地区水环境容量可利用性进行了分析。在此基础上，通过对尾水通道、深度处理、尾水资源化利用等方案的研究和论证，提出研究区的尾水处理方案。论文主要研究成果如下：
(1)对研究区内水环境质量现状进行分析，结果表明研究区内河道监测断面有42.9％达不到功能区目标要求。对研究区域水环境容量的计算及其规划年污染源预测表明，规划水平年排水河道无剩余水环境容量。
(2)通过对深度处理、尾水资源化利用、尾水专道排放等方案的可行性论证，对各种尾水处理方案的工程投资估算及环境经济分析加以比选，提出了建立尾水通道、引入人工湿地处理系统进行生态处理、处置后出水进行资源化综合利用的区域尾水处理方案。
Lixiahe district, the famous "pan bottomland", is surrounded by two clean water channel way for south-north water transfer project. As the speedup of industrialization in northern Jiangsu province, the outlet of tail water become a difficult problem. Based on data collection, inventory survey and literature search, the existing water environment of xinghua city, gaoyou city and baoying county was assessed and the water environment capacity was calculated also. After comparison and demonstration among different processing methods include tail water channel way, advanced treatment and supplement as water resource, the process scheme of tail water is presented in the paper. The main conclusion was as follows:
(1) The result of assessment of water environment showed 42.9% of water quality monitoring sections could not reach the standard. The main rivers which received waste water have not capacity for now(2005) and in the future(2010).
(2) Base on comparison and demonstration of different methods, the process scheme of tail water is presented: first constructing channel way to admit tail water, then treating tail water by constructed wetlands, and the worked water can used as supplement of water resource. The budgetary estimates and environment economics analysis of different processing schemes were also displayed.
(1)对研究区内水环境质量现状进行分析，结果表明研究区内河道监测断面有42.9％达不到功能区目标要求。对研究区域水环境容量的计算及其规划年污染源预测表明，规划水平年排水河道无剩余水环境容量。
(2)通过对深度处理、尾水资源化利用、尾水专道排放等方案的可行性论证，对各种尾水处理方案的工程投资估算及环境经济分析加以比选，提出了建立尾水通道、引入人工湿地处理系统进行生态处理、处置后出水进行资源化综合利用的区域尾水处理方案。
Lixiahe district, the famous "pan bottomland", is surrounded by two clean water channel way for south-north water transfer project. As the speedup of industrialization in northern Jiangsu province, the outlet of tail water become a difficult problem. Based on data collection, inventory survey and literature search, the existing water environment of xinghua city, gaoyou city and baoying county was assessed and the water environment capacity was calculated also. After comparison and demonstration among different processing methods include tail water channel way, advanced treatment and supplement as water resource, the process scheme of tail water is presented in the paper. The main conclusion was as follows:
(1) The result of assessment of water environment showed 42.9% of water quality monitoring sections could not reach the standard. The main rivers which received waste water have not capacity for now(2005) and in the future(2010).
(2) Base on comparison and demonstration of different methods, the process scheme of tail water is presented: first constructing channel way to admit tail water, then treating tail water by constructed wetlands, and the worked water can used as supplement of water resource. The budgetary estimates and environment economics analysis of different processing schemes were also displayed.
引文
[1] 唐亮，冯琳，左玉辉．淮安市水污染控制规划研究[J]．上海环境科学，2002，21(2)：104-106．
[2] 徐建英，唐亮，左玉辉．常州新区水污染控制规划研究[J]．重庆环境科学，2001，23(4)：5-7．
[3] 唐亮，左玉辉．广州市城市水污染控制方案[J]．给水排水，2002，28(11)：27-30．
[4] 唐亮，冯琳，左玉辉．江苏省水污染控制方案及其启示[J]．环境科学研究，2003，16(3)：18-22．
[5] 于海霞，左玉辉．区域尾水控制初探[J]．环境保护科学，2004，30(126)：19-22．
[6] 环网．江苏徐州尾水人海工程即将开工[J]．中国资源综合利用，2004，(10)：12．
[7] 王石凡．北方城市污水处理厂的尾水资源化探讨[J]．江苏环境科技，2000，13(3)：28-360．
[8] 陈卫．范兴荣．郑天柱，等．城市达标污水的处置技术[J]．水资源保护．2005．21(4)：22-26．
[9] 曾扬，安贞煜．土地处理技术在污水资源化中的应用[J]．环境污染治理技术与设备，2003，4(9)：77-80．
[10] 金兆丰，徐竞成．城市污水回用技术手册[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2004：221-274．
[11] 方宏达，景有海．混凝过滤制取再生水用于园林绿化浇灌的可行性研究[J]．福建林业科技．2006，33(2)：37-40，57．
[12] Thib．，GT．用粉状活性碳吸附法处理污水[J]．国外农业环境保护．1992，(3)：42-45．
[13] 邢淑芳．我国城市饮用水处理的热点技术[J]．太原大学．2001，(1)：46-47．
[14] 刘成波．活性碳吸附法深度去除废纸造纸废水中COD的试验研究[J]．江苏造纸．2003，(3)：25-258．
[15] 张旭东．地表漫流系统处理污染河水的试验研究[A]．河海大学，2005：3-4．
[16] 马军，李学艳，陈忠林，等．臭氧氧化分解饮用水中嗅味物质2-甲基异莰醇[J]．环境科学．2006，27(12)：2483-2487．
[17] 李红兰，张克峰，王永磊．臭氧在饮用水处理中的应用[J]．水资源保护．2006，22(3)：60-62，65．
[18] 胡志光，昌晶，常爱玲，等．臭氧生物活性炭法在饮用水深度处理中的试验研究[J]．2006，33(1)：98-102．
[19] 陆正清．膜分离技术及其在食品工业中的应用[J]．江苏调味副食品．2006，23(5)：1-4．
[20] 宋皖英．膜分离技术的一项新进展[J]．安徽教育学院学报．2006，24(6)：78-79．
[21] 冷桂华，胡晖，李小华．现代膜分离技术及其在粮油工业中的应用[J]．宜春学院学报．2006，28(4)：110-112．
[22] 刘泉征，曾丽娥．纳滤膜分离技术最新研究进展[J]．甘肃科技．2006，22(8)：123-126．
[23] 李亚治．水葫芦—水草人工湿地系统在再生浆造纸废水处理中的应用研究[J]．环境工程，2000，18(6)：15-16．
[24] 刘汝鹏，曲莹，于水利．生态稳定塘系统在城市污水处理中的应用[J]．水处理技术．2006，32(11)：68-70．
[25] 李松，尹海龙，薛红征．稳定塘改进措施研究进展[J]．净水技术．2006，25(4)：10-13．
[26] 郝达平．自然河流稳定塘污水处理试验[J]．徐州建筑职业技术学院学报，2005，5(2)：36-38．
[27] 白晓慧，王宝贞，秦晓荃．稳定塘系统与城镇污水资源化[J]．西北水资源与水工程，1998，9(2)：20-24．
[28] 赵建芬，马香玲，靳路明．污水慢速渗滤土地处理系统的改进试验研究[J]．农业工程学报．2006，22(9)：85-88．
[29] 李慧，王俊岭．污水的土地处理特性分析[J]．北方环境．2004，29(5)：36-38．
[30] 孙静，郭伟，李小宁．快速渗滤土地处理系统对城市生活污水中N、P去除的优化研究[J]．城市环境与城市生态．2003，16(6)：32-33．
[31] 夏汉平．人工湿地处理污水的机理与效率[J]．生态学杂志，2002，21(4)：51-59．
[32] 梁继东，周启星，孙铁．人工湿地污水处理系统研究及性能改进分析[J]．生态学杂志，2003，22(2)：49-55．
[33] Bhamidimarri R et al, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: the new Zealand experience [J]. Water Science and Technology. 1991,24(5):247-253.
[34] 沈耀良，杨铨大．新型废水处理技术——人工湿地[J]．污染防治技术，1996，9(1，2)：1-8．
[35] 吴晓磊．人工湿地废水处理机理[J]．环境科学，1994，16(3)：83-86．
[36] Haberl R, Perfler R., Mayer H. Constructed wetlands in Europe [J]. Wat.Sci. Tech., 1995, 32(3):306-315.
[37] Kadlec R H, Knight R L. Treatment Wetlands [M]. Florida: Lewis Publishers, 1996:51-59.
[38] Bankston J L. Degradation of trichloroethylene in wetland icrocosms containing broad-leaved cattail and eastern cottonwood [J]. Water Research,2002(36):539-546.
[39] Vymazal. J. The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic 10 years experience [J]. Ecological Engineering, 1998,(5): 633-646.
[40] Guodong Ji, Tieheng Sun, Qixing Zhou, etal. Constructed subsurface flow wetland for treating heavy oil produced water of the Liaohe oil field in China[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,18(4):489-495.
[41] House c.H.,et al.Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil fiber for reclamation and reuse of water [J]. Ecological Engineering, 1999,(12):27-38.
[42] Brix H.,et al.Use of constructed wetland in water pollution control: Historical development, present status, and future perspectives [J]. Wat.Sci.Tech., 1994,30(8):209-223.
[43] Brix H. Use of constructed wetland in water pollution of duck weed based wastewater treatment systems [J]. Wat.Sci.technol. 1994,35(5):239-246.
[44] Kickuth R. Degradation and in corporation of nutrients from rural wastewaters by plant rhizophere under limnic conditions[M]. London: Comm.ofthe Communities,1997:55-56.
[45] Mars R.The role of the submergent macrophyte triglochin Huegdii in domestic grey water treatment [J]. Ecological Engineering, 1999,(12):57-66.
[46] Zhu T,Sikora F J.Ammonium and nitrate removal in vegetated and unvegetated gravel bed microcosm wetlands [J]. Wat.Sci.Teeh,1995,32(3):219-228.
[47] Davies TH, P D Cottingham. Phosphorus removal from wastewater in a constructed wetland [M]. Boca Raton:FL: Lewis Publisher,1993:81-83.
[48] Tanner C C, Sukias J P S, Upsdell M P. Relationships between loading rates and pollution removal during maturation of gravel-bed constructed wetlands [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1998,(27):448-458.
[49] Gschll T, Steinmann C. Constructed wetlands for effluent polishing of lagoons [J]. WatRes, 1998,33(2):505-511.
[50] Jan Vymazal. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands [J]. Science of the Total Environment.2006,(9):1-18.
[51] Reddy KR, Patrick WH. Nitrogen transformations and loss in flooded soils and sediments [J]. CRC Crit Rev Environ Control. 1984,(13):273-309.
[52] Stowell R, Ludwig R, Colt J, Tchobanoglous G. Concepts in aquatic treatment system design. [J].EnvEngDivASCE.1981,10(7):919-940.
[53] Vymazal J. Algae and element cycling in wetlands [M]. Chelsea: Michigan: Lewis Publishers, 1995:90-91.
[54] Reddy KR, D'Angelo EM. Biogeochemical indicators to evaluate pollution removal efficiency in constructed wetlands [J]. Water SciTechnol.1997,35(5):1-10.
[2] 徐建英，唐亮，左玉辉．常州新区水污染控制规划研究[J]．重庆环境科学，2001，23(4)：5-7．
[3] 唐亮，左玉辉．广州市城市水污染控制方案[J]．给水排水，2002，28(11)：27-30．
[4] 唐亮，冯琳，左玉辉．江苏省水污染控制方案及其启示[J]．环境科学研究，2003，16(3)：18-22．
[5] 于海霞，左玉辉．区域尾水控制初探[J]．环境保护科学，2004，30(126)：19-22．
[6] 环网．江苏徐州尾水人海工程即将开工[J]．中国资源综合利用，2004，(10)：12．
[7] 王石凡．北方城市污水处理厂的尾水资源化探讨[J]．江苏环境科技，2000，13(3)：28-360．
[8] 陈卫．范兴荣．郑天柱，等．城市达标污水的处置技术[J]．水资源保护．2005．21(4)：22-26．
[9] 曾扬，安贞煜．土地处理技术在污水资源化中的应用[J]．环境污染治理技术与设备，2003，4(9)：77-80．
[10] 金兆丰，徐竞成．城市污水回用技术手册[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2004：221-274．
[11] 方宏达，景有海．混凝过滤制取再生水用于园林绿化浇灌的可行性研究[J]．福建林业科技．2006，33(2)：37-40，57．
[12] Thib．，GT．用粉状活性碳吸附法处理污水[J]．国外农业环境保护．1992，(3)：42-45．
[13] 邢淑芳．我国城市饮用水处理的热点技术[J]．太原大学．2001，(1)：46-47．
[14] 刘成波．活性碳吸附法深度去除废纸造纸废水中COD的试验研究[J]．江苏造纸．2003，(3)：25-258．
[15] 张旭东．地表漫流系统处理污染河水的试验研究[A]．河海大学，2005：3-4．
[16] 马军，李学艳，陈忠林，等．臭氧氧化分解饮用水中嗅味物质2-甲基异莰醇[J]．环境科学．2006，27(12)：2483-2487．
[17] 李红兰，张克峰，王永磊．臭氧在饮用水处理中的应用[J]．水资源保护．2006，22(3)：60-62，65．
[18] 胡志光，昌晶，常爱玲，等．臭氧生物活性炭法在饮用水深度处理中的试验研究[J]．2006，33(1)：98-102．
[19] 陆正清．膜分离技术及其在食品工业中的应用[J]．江苏调味副食品．2006，23(5)：1-4．
[20] 宋皖英．膜分离技术的一项新进展[J]．安徽教育学院学报．2006，24(6)：78-79．
[21] 冷桂华，胡晖，李小华．现代膜分离技术及其在粮油工业中的应用[J]．宜春学院学报．2006，28(4)：110-112．
[22] 刘泉征，曾丽娥．纳滤膜分离技术最新研究进展[J]．甘肃科技．2006，22(8)：123-126．
[23] 李亚治．水葫芦—水草人工湿地系统在再生浆造纸废水处理中的应用研究[J]．环境工程，2000，18(6)：15-16．
[24] 刘汝鹏，曲莹，于水利．生态稳定塘系统在城市污水处理中的应用[J]．水处理技术．2006，32(11)：68-70．
[25] 李松，尹海龙，薛红征．稳定塘改进措施研究进展[J]．净水技术．2006，25(4)：10-13．
[26] 郝达平．自然河流稳定塘污水处理试验[J]．徐州建筑职业技术学院学报，2005，5(2)：36-38．
[27] 白晓慧，王宝贞，秦晓荃．稳定塘系统与城镇污水资源化[J]．西北水资源与水工程，1998，9(2)：20-24．
[28] 赵建芬，马香玲，靳路明．污水慢速渗滤土地处理系统的改进试验研究[J]．农业工程学报．2006，22(9)：85-88．
[29] 李慧，王俊岭．污水的土地处理特性分析[J]．北方环境．2004，29(5)：36-38．
[30] 孙静，郭伟，李小宁．快速渗滤土地处理系统对城市生活污水中N、P去除的优化研究[J]．城市环境与城市生态．2003，16(6)：32-33．
[31] 夏汉平．人工湿地处理污水的机理与效率[J]．生态学杂志，2002，21(4)：51-59．
[32] 梁继东，周启星，孙铁．人工湿地污水处理系统研究及性能改进分析[J]．生态学杂志，2003，22(2)：49-55．
[33] Bhamidimarri R et al, Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: the new Zealand experience [J]. Water Science and Technology. 1991,24(5):247-253.
[34] 沈耀良，杨铨大．新型废水处理技术——人工湿地[J]．污染防治技术，1996，9(1，2)：1-8．
[35] 吴晓磊．人工湿地废水处理机理[J]．环境科学，1994，16(3)：83-86．
[36] Haberl R, Perfler R., Mayer H. Constructed wetlands in Europe [J]. Wat.Sci. Tech., 1995, 32(3):306-315.
[37] Kadlec R H, Knight R L. Treatment Wetlands [M]. Florida: Lewis Publishers, 1996:51-59.
[38] Bankston J L. Degradation of trichloroethylene in wetland icrocosms containing broad-leaved cattail and eastern cottonwood [J]. Water Research,2002(36):539-546.
[39] Vymazal. J. The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic 10 years experience [J]. Ecological Engineering, 1998,(5): 633-646.
[40] Guodong Ji, Tieheng Sun, Qixing Zhou, etal. Constructed subsurface flow wetland for treating heavy oil produced water of the Liaohe oil field in China[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,18(4):489-495.
[41] House c.H.,et al.Combining constructed wetlands and aquatic and soil fiber for reclamation and reuse of water [J]. Ecological Engineering, 1999,(12):27-38.
[42] Brix H.,et al.Use of constructed wetland in water pollution control: Historical development, present status, and future perspectives [J]. Wat.Sci.Tech., 1994,30(8):209-223.
[43] Brix H. Use of constructed wetland in water pollution of duck weed based wastewater treatment systems [J]. Wat.Sci.technol. 1994,35(5):239-246.
[44] Kickuth R. Degradation and in corporation of nutrients from rural wastewaters by plant rhizophere under limnic conditions[M]. London: Comm.ofthe Communities,1997:55-56.
[45] Mars R.The role of the submergent macrophyte triglochin Huegdii in domestic grey water treatment [J]. Ecological Engineering, 1999,(12):57-66.
[46] Zhu T,Sikora F J.Ammonium and nitrate removal in vegetated and unvegetated gravel bed microcosm wetlands [J]. Wat.Sci.Teeh,1995,32(3):219-228.
[47] Davies TH, P D Cottingham. Phosphorus removal from wastewater in a constructed wetland [M]. Boca Raton:FL: Lewis Publisher,1993:81-83.
[48] Tanner C C, Sukias J P S, Upsdell M P. Relationships between loading rates and pollution removal during maturation of gravel-bed constructed wetlands [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1998,(27):448-458.
[49] Gschll T, Steinmann C. Constructed wetlands for effluent polishing of lagoons [J]. WatRes, 1998,33(2):505-511.
[50] Jan Vymazal. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands [J]. Science of the Total Environment.2006,(9):1-18.
[51] Reddy KR, Patrick WH. Nitrogen transformations and loss in flooded soils and sediments [J]. CRC Crit Rev Environ Control. 1984,(13):273-309.
[52] Stowell R, Ludwig R, Colt J, Tchobanoglous G. Concepts in aquatic treatment system design. [J].EnvEngDivASCE.1981,10(7):919-940.
[53] Vymazal J. Algae and element cycling in wetlands [M]. Chelsea: Michigan: Lewis Publishers, 1995:90-91.
[54] Reddy KR, D'Angelo EM. Biogeochemical indicators to evaluate pollution removal efficiency in constructed wetlands [J]. Water SciTechnol.1997,35(5):1-10.