桦甸油页岩及其半焦基础特性研究
|
摘要
油页岩是一种高灰分、高挥发分、低热值的劣质燃料。半焦是油页岩干馏后的一种副产物,这种物质同油页岩一样,也是由多种成分组成的混合物。从油页岩干馏过程得到的半焦含有有机成分,然而到现在很少得到利用,大多作为废弃物以所谓“半焦堆存处”来储存。油页岩半焦对环境的影响比油页岩灰更具危害性。因此,对于半焦基本特性的研究以及对其加以利用对于油页岩工业来说,其重要性是显而易见的。
对油页岩及其半焦基础特性进行了研究并进行了比较,这包括它们的密度、含油率、灰渣成分、灰熔融温度、可磨性、半焦的浸水及干燥实验、页岩油油品分析和瓦斯气体分析。结果表明,桦甸油页岩是一种高灰分、高挥发分、低热值和具有中等结渣倾向的劣质燃料,不同矿区的油页岩的品质有区别;油页岩和半焦在灰渣成分、灰熔融温度含量方面表现出了很大的相似性。对页岩油的密度、粘度、凝点、馏程等进行了测定,并对瓦斯气体的成分进行了分析。采用美国Perkin Elmer公司生产的Pyris1TGA热重分析仪,对桦甸油页岩干馏半焦进行燃烧特性试验研究,并分析了桦甸不同矿区油页岩半焦、不同粒径和燃烧升温速率等对半焦燃烧反应特性的影响,从而得到油页岩半焦燃烧化学反应的动力学参数,为油页岩半焦的有效开发与经济利用提供了理论依据。
Oil shale is a kind of low-grade fuel,with high ash and volatile but low calorific value. The by-product of oil shale retort processing is called semi-coke, which is the mixture composed of many chemical group components with the same as oil shale. Semi-coke obtained from oil shale retorting process contains the organic composition, but seldom utilized till now, mostly with so-called "semi-coke deposit" as offal. Oil shale semi-coke impacts on environment,which has harmfulness even more than the oil shale ash. So, it is obviously important to research basic characteristics of semi-coke and handle it in the oil shale industry.
The basic characteristics of the Huadian oil shales and their semi-cokes were investigated and compared. The properties of the oil shales and their semi-cokes such as density , oil yield, ash deposition, ash fusion temperature,grindability,soaking and drying test of semi-coke, analysis of shale oil product and methane gas were investigated. The results show that the Huadian oil shale is a kind of low-grade fuel with high ash, high volatile and low calorific value. Oil shale quality differs in different mine areas; The Huadian oil shales and their semi-cokes show great similarity in ash deposition and ash fusion temperature. The density,viscosity,freezing point,distillation range of shale oil were measured. The compositions of methane gas was analyzed. Experiments on combustion characteristics of Huadian oil shale semi-coke have been done conducted on Pyris1 TGA thermogravimetric analyzer (PE/USA) , and combustion characteristics of semi-cokes were studied on some typical conditions such as oil shale species, different particle sizes and heating rate. which provided theoretical foundation for further effective exploitation and economical application of oil shale semi-coke.
对油页岩及其半焦基础特性进行了研究并进行了比较,这包括它们的密度、含油率、灰渣成分、灰熔融温度、可磨性、半焦的浸水及干燥实验、页岩油油品分析和瓦斯气体分析。结果表明,桦甸油页岩是一种高灰分、高挥发分、低热值和具有中等结渣倾向的劣质燃料,不同矿区的油页岩的品质有区别;油页岩和半焦在灰渣成分、灰熔融温度含量方面表现出了很大的相似性。对页岩油的密度、粘度、凝点、馏程等进行了测定,并对瓦斯气体的成分进行了分析。采用美国Perkin Elmer公司生产的Pyris1TGA热重分析仪,对桦甸油页岩干馏半焦进行燃烧特性试验研究,并分析了桦甸不同矿区油页岩半焦、不同粒径和燃烧升温速率等对半焦燃烧反应特性的影响,从而得到油页岩半焦燃烧化学反应的动力学参数,为油页岩半焦的有效开发与经济利用提供了理论依据。
Oil shale is a kind of low-grade fuel,with high ash and volatile but low calorific value. The by-product of oil shale retort processing is called semi-coke, which is the mixture composed of many chemical group components with the same as oil shale. Semi-coke obtained from oil shale retorting process contains the organic composition, but seldom utilized till now, mostly with so-called "semi-coke deposit" as offal. Oil shale semi-coke impacts on environment,which has harmfulness even more than the oil shale ash. So, it is obviously important to research basic characteristics of semi-coke and handle it in the oil shale industry.
The basic characteristics of the Huadian oil shales and their semi-cokes were investigated and compared. The properties of the oil shales and their semi-cokes such as density , oil yield, ash deposition, ash fusion temperature,grindability,soaking and drying test of semi-coke, analysis of shale oil product and methane gas were investigated. The results show that the Huadian oil shale is a kind of low-grade fuel with high ash, high volatile and low calorific value. Oil shale quality differs in different mine areas; The Huadian oil shales and their semi-cokes show great similarity in ash deposition and ash fusion temperature. The density,viscosity,freezing point,distillation range of shale oil were measured. The compositions of methane gas was analyzed. Experiments on combustion characteristics of Huadian oil shale semi-coke have been done conducted on Pyris1 TGA thermogravimetric analyzer (PE/USA) , and combustion characteristics of semi-cokes were studied on some typical conditions such as oil shale species, different particle sizes and heating rate. which provided theoretical foundation for further effective exploitation and economical application of oil shale semi-coke.
引文
[1]郑重,陈义政.中国能源安全及其资源开发与利用的策略研究.资源开发与市场,2006,22(2):137～139
[2]王擎,柏静儒,孙佰仲等.油页岩综合开发利用集成技术.长春工业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(B07):54～58
[3]张丽萍,曾荣树,徐文东等.油页岩综合利用对周围环境的影响——以抚顺矿区为例.中国煤田地质,2006,18(2):46～48
[4]姜庆贤.桦甸油页岩理化特性研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北电力大学, 2006.
[5]陈洁渝,严春杰,李子冲等.油页岩渣的综合利用.矿产保护与利用,2006,6(12):43～43
[6]王擎,徐峰,柏静儒等.桦甸油页岩基础物化特性研究.吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):1006～1011
[7]柏静儒,王擎,陈艳等.部分痕量元素在油页岩中的富集特性及挥发行为.动力工程,2008,28(3):487～492
[8]范士彦,汤振清.埃塞俄比亚亚尤煤田阿齐堡—宋堡区油面岩特征.煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(1):5～7
[9]王擎,吴吓华,孙佰仲等.桦甸油页岩半焦燃烧反应动力学研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):29～34
[10]孙佰仲,王擎,李少华等.油页岩及其半焦混合燃料燃烧特性试验研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20):108～112
[11]沈胜强,李素芬.半焦粒子着火与燃烧过程实验研究.燃烧科学与技术,2000,6(1):66～69
[12]林民.油页岩和半焦燃点的研究.燃料化学学报,1992,20(4):421～429
[13] P. Solomon,F. Miknis.Use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for determining oil shale properties.Fuel,1980,59(12):893～896
[14] M. Kok.Thermal investigation of seyitomer oil shale.Thermochimica Acta,2001,369(1-2):149～155
[15] M. K k,G. Pokol,C. Keskin.Combustion characteristics of lignite and oil shale samples by thermal analysis techniques.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2004,76(1):247～254
[16] A. Berkovich,J. Levy,S. Schmidt.Heat capacities and enthalpies for some australian oil shales from non-isothermal modulated DSC.Thermochimica Acta,2000,357:41～45
[17] J. Jones,M. Pourkashanian,C. Rena.Modelling the relationship of coal structure to char porosity.Fuel,1999,78(14):1737～1744
[18] H. Marsh,M. Mart nez-Escandell,F. Rodr guez-Reinoso.Semicokes from pitch pyrolysis: mechanisms and kinetics.Carbon,1999,37(3):363～390
[19] M. Yardim,E. Ekinci, V. Minkova.Formation of porous structure of semicokes from pyrolysis of turkish coals in different atmospheres.Fuel,2003,82(4):459～463
[20] A. Alvarez,M. Mart nez-Escandell,M. Molina-Sabio.Pyrolysis of petroleum residues: analysis of semicokes by X-ray diffraction.Carbon,1999,37(10):1627～1632
[21] H. Arro,A. Pihu,I. Opik.Utilization of semi-coke of estonian shale oil industry.Oil shale,2002,19(2):117～126
[22] T. Kaljuvee,R. Kuusik,A. Trikkel.Behavior of sulphur compounds at combustion of oil shale semicoke.Oil shale,2003,20(2):113～126
[23]陈亚飞,涂华,陈文敏等.煤的真相对密度的计算.煤质技术,2003,(B04):51～53
[24]孟庆涛,刘招君,柳蓉等.松辽盆地农安地区上白垩统油页岩含油率影响因素.吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):963～968
[25]张德祥,龙永华,高晋生等.煤灰中矿物的化学组成与灰熔融性的关系.华东理工大学学报:自然科学版,2003,29(6):590～594
[26]厉彦明,杨雷,刘吉亮.循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率影响因素浅析.中国设备工程,2003,(12):49～49
[27]于海龙,王晓璐,姜秀民.油页岩与高硫煤混烧污染物排放特性研究.煤炭转化,2008,31(3):63～66
[28]赵继尧,黄文辉.中国煤中微量元素的丰度.中国煤田地质,2002,14(B07):5～13
[29]黎彤.地壳元素丰度的若干统计特征.地质与勘探,1992,28(10):1～7
[30] W. Boynton.Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements:meteorite studies.Rare Earth Element Geochemistry,1984,2:63～114
[31] M. Haskin,L. Haskin.Rare Earths in european shales:a redetermination. Science,1966,154:507～509
[32]姜秀民,刘德昌.油页岩着火机理的研究.发电设备,2002,(5):1～4
[33] T. Cordero,J. Rodriguez-Maroto,J. Rodriguez-Mirasol.On the kinetics of thermal decomposition of wood and wood components.Thermochimica Acta,1990,164:135～144
[34]喻秋梅,庞亚军.煤燃烧试验中着火点确定方法的探讨.华北电力技术,2001,(7):9～10
[35]聂其红,孙绍增.褐煤混煤燃烧特性的热重分析法研究.燃烧科学与技术,2001,7(1):72～76
[36]于海龙,姜秀民.升温速率对油页岩燃烧特性与动力学参数的影响.燃烧科学与技术,2003,9(1):54～57
[37]徐建国,魏兆龙.用热分析法研究煤的热解特性.燃烧科学与技术,1999,5(2):175～179
[38] C. Tsai,A. Scaroni.Reactivity of bituminous coal chars during the initial stage of pulverized-coal combustion.Fuel,1987,66(10):1400～1406
[39] D. Zhang,T. Wall,A. Tate.The reactivity of pulverized coal char particles:experiments using ignition,burnout and DTG techniques and partly burnt chars.Fuel,1992,71(11):1247～1253
[40] I. Leslie,M. Jost, C. Kruger.Measured and predicted char reactivity of three U. S. coals. Combustion and Flame,,1989,78(2):195～203
[41] J. Levy,W. Stuart.Oxidative profiles of some australian oil shales by thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy.Thermochimica Acta,1984,74(1-3):227～234
[42]魏兆龙,郭朝令.煤种燃烧稳定性试验研究.锅炉技术,1999,30(10):6～9
[43] M. Garc a-Pèrez,A. Chaala,JYang etal.Co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse with petroleum residue.Part I:Thermogravimetric analysis.Fuel,2001,80(9):1245～1258
[44]王树荣,廖艳芬.生物质热裂解制油的动力学及技术研究.燃烧科学与技术,2002,8(2):176～180
[45] A. Coats, J. Redfern. Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data. 1964:56～60
[46]陈镜泓,李传儒.热分析及其应用:科学出版社,1985:124～127
[2]王擎,柏静儒,孙佰仲等.油页岩综合开发利用集成技术.长春工业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,28(B07):54～58
[3]张丽萍,曾荣树,徐文东等.油页岩综合利用对周围环境的影响——以抚顺矿区为例.中国煤田地质,2006,18(2):46～48
[4]姜庆贤.桦甸油页岩理化特性研究:[硕士学位论文].吉林:东北电力大学, 2006.
[5]陈洁渝,严春杰,李子冲等.油页岩渣的综合利用.矿产保护与利用,2006,6(12):43～43
[6]王擎,徐峰,柏静儒等.桦甸油页岩基础物化特性研究.吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):1006～1011
[7]柏静儒,王擎,陈艳等.部分痕量元素在油页岩中的富集特性及挥发行为.动力工程,2008,28(3):487～492
[8]范士彦,汤振清.埃塞俄比亚亚尤煤田阿齐堡—宋堡区油面岩特征.煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(1):5～7
[9]王擎,吴吓华,孙佰仲等.桦甸油页岩半焦燃烧反应动力学研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(7):29～34
[10]孙佰仲,王擎,李少华等.油页岩及其半焦混合燃料燃烧特性试验研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20):108～112
[11]沈胜强,李素芬.半焦粒子着火与燃烧过程实验研究.燃烧科学与技术,2000,6(1):66～69
[12]林民.油页岩和半焦燃点的研究.燃料化学学报,1992,20(4):421～429
[13] P. Solomon,F. Miknis.Use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for determining oil shale properties.Fuel,1980,59(12):893～896
[14] M. Kok.Thermal investigation of seyitomer oil shale.Thermochimica Acta,2001,369(1-2):149～155
[15] M. K k,G. Pokol,C. Keskin.Combustion characteristics of lignite and oil shale samples by thermal analysis techniques.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2004,76(1):247～254
[16] A. Berkovich,J. Levy,S. Schmidt.Heat capacities and enthalpies for some australian oil shales from non-isothermal modulated DSC.Thermochimica Acta,2000,357:41～45
[17] J. Jones,M. Pourkashanian,C. Rena.Modelling the relationship of coal structure to char porosity.Fuel,1999,78(14):1737～1744
[18] H. Marsh,M. Mart nez-Escandell,F. Rodr guez-Reinoso.Semicokes from pitch pyrolysis: mechanisms and kinetics.Carbon,1999,37(3):363～390
[19] M. Yardim,E. Ekinci, V. Minkova.Formation of porous structure of semicokes from pyrolysis of turkish coals in different atmospheres.Fuel,2003,82(4):459～463
[20] A. Alvarez,M. Mart nez-Escandell,M. Molina-Sabio.Pyrolysis of petroleum residues: analysis of semicokes by X-ray diffraction.Carbon,1999,37(10):1627～1632
[21] H. Arro,A. Pihu,I. Opik.Utilization of semi-coke of estonian shale oil industry.Oil shale,2002,19(2):117～126
[22] T. Kaljuvee,R. Kuusik,A. Trikkel.Behavior of sulphur compounds at combustion of oil shale semicoke.Oil shale,2003,20(2):113～126
[23]陈亚飞,涂华,陈文敏等.煤的真相对密度的计算.煤质技术,2003,(B04):51～53
[24]孟庆涛,刘招君,柳蓉等.松辽盆地农安地区上白垩统油页岩含油率影响因素.吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):963～968
[25]张德祥,龙永华,高晋生等.煤灰中矿物的化学组成与灰熔融性的关系.华东理工大学学报:自然科学版,2003,29(6):590～594
[26]厉彦明,杨雷,刘吉亮.循环流化床锅炉脱硫效率影响因素浅析.中国设备工程,2003,(12):49～49
[27]于海龙,王晓璐,姜秀民.油页岩与高硫煤混烧污染物排放特性研究.煤炭转化,2008,31(3):63～66
[28]赵继尧,黄文辉.中国煤中微量元素的丰度.中国煤田地质,2002,14(B07):5～13
[29]黎彤.地壳元素丰度的若干统计特征.地质与勘探,1992,28(10):1～7
[30] W. Boynton.Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements:meteorite studies.Rare Earth Element Geochemistry,1984,2:63～114
[31] M. Haskin,L. Haskin.Rare Earths in european shales:a redetermination. Science,1966,154:507～509
[32]姜秀民,刘德昌.油页岩着火机理的研究.发电设备,2002,(5):1～4
[33] T. Cordero,J. Rodriguez-Maroto,J. Rodriguez-Mirasol.On the kinetics of thermal decomposition of wood and wood components.Thermochimica Acta,1990,164:135～144
[34]喻秋梅,庞亚军.煤燃烧试验中着火点确定方法的探讨.华北电力技术,2001,(7):9～10
[35]聂其红,孙绍增.褐煤混煤燃烧特性的热重分析法研究.燃烧科学与技术,2001,7(1):72～76
[36]于海龙,姜秀民.升温速率对油页岩燃烧特性与动力学参数的影响.燃烧科学与技术,2003,9(1):54～57
[37]徐建国,魏兆龙.用热分析法研究煤的热解特性.燃烧科学与技术,1999,5(2):175～179
[38] C. Tsai,A. Scaroni.Reactivity of bituminous coal chars during the initial stage of pulverized-coal combustion.Fuel,1987,66(10):1400～1406
[39] D. Zhang,T. Wall,A. Tate.The reactivity of pulverized coal char particles:experiments using ignition,burnout and DTG techniques and partly burnt chars.Fuel,1992,71(11):1247～1253
[40] I. Leslie,M. Jost, C. Kruger.Measured and predicted char reactivity of three U. S. coals. Combustion and Flame,,1989,78(2):195～203
[41] J. Levy,W. Stuart.Oxidative profiles of some australian oil shales by thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy.Thermochimica Acta,1984,74(1-3):227～234
[42]魏兆龙,郭朝令.煤种燃烧稳定性试验研究.锅炉技术,1999,30(10):6～9
[43] M. Garc a-Pèrez,A. Chaala,JYang etal.Co-pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse with petroleum residue.Part I:Thermogravimetric analysis.Fuel,2001,80(9):1245～1258
[44]王树荣,廖艳芬.生物质热裂解制油的动力学及技术研究.燃烧科学与技术,2002,8(2):176～180
[45] A. Coats, J. Redfern. Kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric data. 1964:56～60
[46]陈镜泓,李传儒.热分析及其应用:科学出版社,1985:124～127