多传感器卫星数据黑潮变异研究
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摘要
黑潮是著名的北太平洋西边界流,具有流速强、流量大、流幅窄、流程长以及高温、高盐、高透明度特点。黑潮变异与中国海流系和东亚气候乃至全球变化有密切关系。本文利用不同时间尺度的大面积同步的多传感器卫星数据产品,包括卫星海表温度(SST)、卫星海面高度(SSH)、卫星海面风场(SSW),对黑潮海表温度和动力高度的异常及其与E1 Nino的关系进行了统计分析研究,并对黑潮锋面涡的形成与消散的动力过程进行了观测与研究。文中同时使用了模式计算和现场测量结果。获得一些有参考价值的研究结果如下：
1、2003-2008年黑潮流域卫星海表温度SST年平均值为24.58℃,标准偏差为0.57℃；春、夏、秋、冬季平均值分别为21.94℃、27.58℃、26.73℃、21.84℃,相应的标准偏差分别为0.55℃、0.50℃、0.58℃、0.32℃。1993-2008年黑潮主轴海表温度年平均值为24.98℃,标准偏差为0.32℃；春、夏、秋、冬季平均值分别为22.68℃、28.19℃、26.87℃、22.20℃,相应的标准偏差分别为0.70℃、0.52℃、0.36℃、0.48℃。
2、黑潮主轴绝对动力高度ADT年平均值,台湾东为239±4cm,东海为240±4cm,日本南为239±3cm；ADT随时间呈现上升趋势,台湾东上升率为0.304cm/a,东海为0.284cm/a,日本南为0.169cm/a。ADT变化存在1年、2年和7-8年的周期。表征黑潮主轴南北边界海平面高度SSH差值的黑潮强度δh年平均值,台湾东为31.25cm,东海为33.45cm,日本南为60.73cm；δh的最强季节均在夏季,最弱季节在冬季或秋季；δh变化存在月和年的周期。黑潮主轴的平均纬度,台湾为25.70°N±0.12°,东海为28.84°N±0.12°,日本南为31.77°N±0.25。；台湾东和东海黑潮主轴平均纬度随时间呈上升趋势,上升率为0.0072°-0.0051°/a,日本南呈下降趋势,下降率为0.0084°/a；黑潮主轴纬度变化存在1年和2年的周期。
3、黑潮主轴海表温度与E1 Nino有关,两者相关系数约为0.60,黑潮海表温度异常滞后E1 Nino7-9个月；黑潮强度δh与E1 Nino的相关系数为0.72,滞后E1 Nino约4个月。
4、利用多传感器卫星数据和模式结果对黑潮锋面涡个例的生成至消散的动力学过程进行了观测与研究。结果表明,海面风场在其过程中起到重要作用,风向变化是其消失的主要因素。
Kuroshio is a well-known west boundary current of the North Pacific, with high temperature, salinity and transparence, and characterized with the faster velocity, large flux and narrow current width, long flow. The Varibility of Kuroshio has a close relationship with the circulation of the China Sea, the global climate and global change. Multi-sensor satellite data including satellite sea surface temperature (SST), satellite sea surface wind (SSW) and microwave altimeter sea surface height (SSH) are used in this study to study the anomaly of SST and dynamical process of Kuroshio, and the relationship with El Nino; preliminary explore the dynamic process of the generation and the evanesce of the Kuroshio frontal eddy. The model calculations and field measurements are used. Main valuable research conclusions are drawn as follows:
1. From 2003 to 2008,the annual mean value of Satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is 24.58℃in Kuroshio area, and its standard deviation is 0.57℃; The mean value for spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively are 21.94℃,27.58℃,26.73℃,21.84℃, and the standard deviation are 0.55℃,0.50℃,0.58℃,0.32℃. From 1993 to 2008, the annual mean value of Kuroshio axis SST is 24.98℃, and its standard deviation is 0.32℃; The mean value for spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively are 22.68℃,28.19℃、26.87℃、22.20℃, and the standard deviation are 0.70℃、0.52℃、0.36℃、0.48℃.
2. The annual mean value of the absoute dynamic topography(ADT) of Kuroshio axis respectively are 239±4cm,240±4cm,239±3cm in the east of Taiwan, East China Sea and south of Japan Kuroshio; The ADT value raise along the time, with the separately rate of rise 0.304cm/a,0.284cm/a and 0.169cm/a. The variation periods of ADT are 1,2 and 7-8 years.δh,which is used to stand for the intensity of Kuroshiom, is the evaluated at each longitude by first averaging the ADT values over the 1.0°bins centered by 1.0°north and south of the Kuroshio axis,and then taking the difference as δh.the annual mean value ofδh separately are 31.25cm,33.45cm, and 60.73cm in the east of Taiwan, East China Sea and south of Japan Kuroshio; The max value season is summer,and the min season is winter or autumn; The variation periods ofδh exist monthly and yearly period.,The average latitude of Kuroshio axis separately are 25.70°N±0.12°,28.84°N±0.12°,31.77°N±0.25°in the east of Taiwan, east China sea and south of Japan; East of Taiwan's and the East China Sea Kuroshio axis average latitude upward trend over time, increased rate of 0.0072°-0.0051°/a, downward trend in southern Japan, a reduction of 0.0084°/a; The variation periods in the Kuroshio axis latitude is 1 year and 2 year.
3. Using the sliding correlation analysis to get the relevance of the Kuroshio Current and El Nino. The correlation coefficient for SST of Kuroshio axis and the El Nino is 0.6, in the lag of about 7-9 months; The correlation coefficient for Kuroshio intensityδh and the El Nino is 0.72, in the lag of about 4 months.
4. The study of mesoscale frontal eddy includes:the multi-sensor data such as SST, SSH, SSW and the model output are used to research a whole course of the Kuroshio frontal eddy. Research has shown that wind is the key role in the whole course.
1、2003-2008年黑潮流域卫星海表温度SST年平均值为24.58℃,标准偏差为0.57℃；春、夏、秋、冬季平均值分别为21.94℃、27.58℃、26.73℃、21.84℃,相应的标准偏差分别为0.55℃、0.50℃、0.58℃、0.32℃。1993-2008年黑潮主轴海表温度年平均值为24.98℃,标准偏差为0.32℃；春、夏、秋、冬季平均值分别为22.68℃、28.19℃、26.87℃、22.20℃,相应的标准偏差分别为0.70℃、0.52℃、0.36℃、0.48℃。
2、黑潮主轴绝对动力高度ADT年平均值,台湾东为239±4cm,东海为240±4cm,日本南为239±3cm；ADT随时间呈现上升趋势,台湾东上升率为0.304cm/a,东海为0.284cm/a,日本南为0.169cm/a。ADT变化存在1年、2年和7-8年的周期。表征黑潮主轴南北边界海平面高度SSH差值的黑潮强度δh年平均值,台湾东为31.25cm,东海为33.45cm,日本南为60.73cm；δh的最强季节均在夏季,最弱季节在冬季或秋季；δh变化存在月和年的周期。黑潮主轴的平均纬度,台湾为25.70°N±0.12°,东海为28.84°N±0.12°,日本南为31.77°N±0.25。；台湾东和东海黑潮主轴平均纬度随时间呈上升趋势,上升率为0.0072°-0.0051°/a,日本南呈下降趋势,下降率为0.0084°/a；黑潮主轴纬度变化存在1年和2年的周期。
3、黑潮主轴海表温度与E1 Nino有关,两者相关系数约为0.60,黑潮海表温度异常滞后E1 Nino7-9个月；黑潮强度δh与E1 Nino的相关系数为0.72,滞后E1 Nino约4个月。
4、利用多传感器卫星数据和模式结果对黑潮锋面涡个例的生成至消散的动力学过程进行了观测与研究。结果表明,海面风场在其过程中起到重要作用,风向变化是其消失的主要因素。
Kuroshio is a well-known west boundary current of the North Pacific, with high temperature, salinity and transparence, and characterized with the faster velocity, large flux and narrow current width, long flow. The Varibility of Kuroshio has a close relationship with the circulation of the China Sea, the global climate and global change. Multi-sensor satellite data including satellite sea surface temperature (SST), satellite sea surface wind (SSW) and microwave altimeter sea surface height (SSH) are used in this study to study the anomaly of SST and dynamical process of Kuroshio, and the relationship with El Nino; preliminary explore the dynamic process of the generation and the evanesce of the Kuroshio frontal eddy. The model calculations and field measurements are used. Main valuable research conclusions are drawn as follows:
1. From 2003 to 2008,the annual mean value of Satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is 24.58℃in Kuroshio area, and its standard deviation is 0.57℃; The mean value for spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively are 21.94℃,27.58℃,26.73℃,21.84℃, and the standard deviation are 0.55℃,0.50℃,0.58℃,0.32℃. From 1993 to 2008, the annual mean value of Kuroshio axis SST is 24.98℃, and its standard deviation is 0.32℃; The mean value for spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively are 22.68℃,28.19℃、26.87℃、22.20℃, and the standard deviation are 0.70℃、0.52℃、0.36℃、0.48℃.
2. The annual mean value of the absoute dynamic topography(ADT) of Kuroshio axis respectively are 239±4cm,240±4cm,239±3cm in the east of Taiwan, East China Sea and south of Japan Kuroshio; The ADT value raise along the time, with the separately rate of rise 0.304cm/a,0.284cm/a and 0.169cm/a. The variation periods of ADT are 1,2 and 7-8 years.δh,which is used to stand for the intensity of Kuroshiom, is the evaluated at each longitude by first averaging the ADT values over the 1.0°bins centered by 1.0°north and south of the Kuroshio axis,and then taking the difference as δh.the annual mean value ofδh separately are 31.25cm,33.45cm, and 60.73cm in the east of Taiwan, East China Sea and south of Japan Kuroshio; The max value season is summer,and the min season is winter or autumn; The variation periods ofδh exist monthly and yearly period.,The average latitude of Kuroshio axis separately are 25.70°N±0.12°,28.84°N±0.12°,31.77°N±0.25°in the east of Taiwan, east China sea and south of Japan; East of Taiwan's and the East China Sea Kuroshio axis average latitude upward trend over time, increased rate of 0.0072°-0.0051°/a, downward trend in southern Japan, a reduction of 0.0084°/a; The variation periods in the Kuroshio axis latitude is 1 year and 2 year.
3. Using the sliding correlation analysis to get the relevance of the Kuroshio Current and El Nino. The correlation coefficient for SST of Kuroshio axis and the El Nino is 0.6, in the lag of about 7-9 months; The correlation coefficient for Kuroshio intensityδh and the El Nino is 0.72, in the lag of about 4 months.
4. The study of mesoscale frontal eddy includes:the multi-sensor data such as SST, SSH, SSW and the model output are used to research a whole course of the Kuroshio frontal eddy. Research has shown that wind is the key role in the whole course.
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