大型步进式加热炉炉内流动与传热的数值模拟
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摘要
轧钢加热炉作为轧钢工序的重要加热设备,不仅影响轧钢生产的生产成本,也影响轧钢生产的产品质量。加热工艺的优化与否,关键取决于加热炉的燃料种类和燃烧系统、加热炉炉型、炉膛内炉气运动规律及炉膛热交换规律、加热工艺及炉温制度、加热炉系统热量分配及热平衡情况。
本文以某钢铁公司步进式加热炉为原型,以该加热炉的燃烧系统、炉膛内的炉气运动和热交换为主要研究内容,采用κ-ε湍流双方程模型、PDF燃烧模型和P—1辐射传热模型,建立了该步进式加热炉内燃料燃烧、炉气流动和钢坯加热的数学模型,对加热炉内钢坯的加热过程进行了数值模拟,得到了炉内炉气温度、速度的详细分布,通过模拟计算得到了钢坯的表面温度、断面温差及总在炉时间。
通过对该加热炉热过程中的炉气温度和钢坯出炉温度的跟踪实测,实测结果与数学模型数值模拟结果基本相符,验证了数学模型是可靠的,数值模拟结果是基本可信的,为该步进式加热炉的优化设计和优化操作提供了重要的理论依据。
The furnace of steel rolling is important equipment of working procedure of steel rolling. It not only influences out put cost but also quality. Technology lies on type of fuel and system of combustion, type of furnace and it's curve, rule of gas flow and heat exchange in hearth, heat up techniques and temperature system, assign heat and heat balance in furnace.
The paper researches the fuel combustion system, the gas flow and heat transfer in the reheating furnace. It established the mathematical model of gas flow, fuel combustion and heating billet of the furnace, using k-εturbulence model, PDF combustion model, P-1 radiation model, got a detailed conclusion on temperature and velocity distribution of the furnace gas, then applied the result to simulate heating process of the billet and get the temperature of the billet, the difference in temperature in break surface and the time of out-put the billet.
In order to check the reliability and the factuality of the numerical results of mathematical model, the paper has made measure to the gas temperature of the heating furnace. The numerical results of the mathematical model were compared with the measure of gas temperature, which verified the factuality and reliability of the mathematical model. The result sets important theory support to optimize the designing and operating.
本文以某钢铁公司步进式加热炉为原型,以该加热炉的燃烧系统、炉膛内的炉气运动和热交换为主要研究内容,采用κ-ε湍流双方程模型、PDF燃烧模型和P—1辐射传热模型,建立了该步进式加热炉内燃料燃烧、炉气流动和钢坯加热的数学模型,对加热炉内钢坯的加热过程进行了数值模拟,得到了炉内炉气温度、速度的详细分布,通过模拟计算得到了钢坯的表面温度、断面温差及总在炉时间。
通过对该加热炉热过程中的炉气温度和钢坯出炉温度的跟踪实测,实测结果与数学模型数值模拟结果基本相符,验证了数学模型是可靠的,数值模拟结果是基本可信的,为该步进式加热炉的优化设计和优化操作提供了重要的理论依据。
The furnace of steel rolling is important equipment of working procedure of steel rolling. It not only influences out put cost but also quality. Technology lies on type of fuel and system of combustion, type of furnace and it's curve, rule of gas flow and heat exchange in hearth, heat up techniques and temperature system, assign heat and heat balance in furnace.
The paper researches the fuel combustion system, the gas flow and heat transfer in the reheating furnace. It established the mathematical model of gas flow, fuel combustion and heating billet of the furnace, using k-εturbulence model, PDF combustion model, P-1 radiation model, got a detailed conclusion on temperature and velocity distribution of the furnace gas, then applied the result to simulate heating process of the billet and get the temperature of the billet, the difference in temperature in break surface and the time of out-put the billet.
In order to check the reliability and the factuality of the numerical results of mathematical model, the paper has made measure to the gas temperature of the heating furnace. The numerical results of the mathematical model were compared with the measure of gas temperature, which verified the factuality and reliability of the mathematical model. The result sets important theory support to optimize the designing and operating.
引文
铩?张磊,郑丕谔.我国能源安全面临的问题及应对策略.价格理论与实践,2006(1):17-19
2吴光治.关于工业炉发展若干问题的思考.工业加热,2001(5):19-20
3刘红.我国的能源现状及发展.商场现代化,2004,10:21
4戎宗义.国内外步进梁式炉和热处理炉的现状与节能.工业炉,1998(5):8-13
5朱政苇.现代步进梁式板坯加热炉的新进展.工业炉,1994(3):52-55
6梁金修.我国能源供需与新型工业化能源战略.宏观经济管理,2006(4):37-41
7郭慧,杜琳,华贲.我国能源形势分析及其解决对策.广东化工,2005(5):1-3
8郎一环,沈镭.我国能源节约战略研究.中国人口,2006,16(2):105-109
9徐锭明.我国能源工业现状和能源政策.中国电力,2004,37(9):1-4
10刘江.我国的能源现状及发展.商场现代化,2004(10):21
11陈健.我国钢铁企业的成本压力解析.价值工程,2006(1):6-9
12张有礼,王维兴.钢铁工业能源结构与节能.中国冶金,2006,16(10):1-8
13马斌,杨一鸣.循环经济:日本解决能源问题的基本经验及启示.当代经理人,2006(21):112-113
14翁宇庆.我国钢铁工业节能环保工作的现状和展望.中国冶金,2003 (11):1-7
铩?5韩昭沧.燃料及燃烧(第2版).北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
16王善贵.调整企业内部结构实现钢铁企业经济运行.冶金管理,1999(5):34-35
17王维兴.我国钢铁工业能耗现状分析.世界金属导报,2006(7):1-6
18唐文武,鄂加强.轧钢加热炉能耗模糊变权重组合预测.工业炉,2005,27(4):37-40
19王锡淮,李柠,李少远等.步进加热炉建模和炉温优化设定策略.上海交通大学学报,2001,35(9):1307-1309
20杜冰雁.步进式加热炉内流动与传热过程的数值模拟.北京科技大学硕士论文,2004
21张毅.首钢型材轧钢加热炉热工性能研究.北京科技大学硕士论文,2001
22沈勤荣.步进式方坯加热炉的新发展.能源工程,2000(5):30-32
23王颖,王成.步进式加热炉数模优化控制.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2000(3):9-32
24陈鸿复.冶金炉热工与构造.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993
25李金佛,徐惠芳.优化加热数学模型在步进式加热炉上的应用(续).河北冶金,2001(3):9-10
26李金佛,徐惠芳.优化加热数学模型在步进式加热炉上的应用(续).河北冶金,2001(4):10-13
27Hottel H C,Cohen E S.Radiant heat exchange in gas filled enclosure:Allowance for non-uniformity of gas temperature.J A I Ch E,1958,4(3):41-47
铩?8F.M.Satler,J.A.Costik.Mathematical Model of the Heat Transferwithin a Reheating Furnace.J.Inst.Fuel,1974,47(390):3-19
29F.Fitzgerald,A.J.Sheriden.Prediction of Temperature and HeatTransfer Distribution in Gas-Fired Pusher-Reheating Furnace.J.Inst.Fuel,1974,47(390):21-27
30周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟.北京:清华大学出版社,1989
31Spalding,D.B.,Palankar,S.V..A Calculation Procedure for HeatMass and Momentum Transfer in Three-dimensional Parabolic Flows.Int.J.heat and Mass Transfer,1972(15):1787-1086
32孟建忠.步进底式加热炉热过程数学模型的建立与验证.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2004
33李保卫,赵增武,李义科等.多旋流烧嘴加热炉内冷态流场的数值模拟研究.包头钢铁学院学报,2002,21(2):115～120
34王福军.计算流体动力学分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
35李义科,李保卫,任雁秋等.加热炉热过程数学模型与燃烧过程计算机控制的研究.包头钢铁学院学报,2002,21(2):138-143
36张凯举,邵诚,朱晖.步进式加热炉炉温优化算法的改进与计算机仿真.系统仿真学报,2006,18(3):794-796
37陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2004
38任雁秋,李义科,贺友多等.加热炉热过程数学模型方法.包头钢铁学院学报,1999,18(4):423-426
铩?9Wang Juan,Mao Yu,Li Lihong.Numerical Simulation of the Effect ofAir Distribution on Turbulent Flow and Combustion in a TubularHeating Furnace.Petroleum Science,2005,2(1):43-47
40张凯举.钢铁冶金加热过程建模与综合优化控制方法的研究.大连理工大学博士论文,2004
41张会强,陈兴隆,周力行等.湍流燃烧数值模拟研究的综述.力学进展,1999,29(4):567-575
42陈义良.湍流燃烧中的概率密度函数方法.力学进展,19990,20(4):478-487
43郭治民,张会强,王希麟等.湍流燃烧的简化的联合PDF模拟.清华大学学报,2001,41(8):75-78
44Baowei Li,Zengwu Zhao,Yike Li,Wenfei Wu and DaqiangCang.Numerical simulation of fluid flow in a reheating furnacewith multi-swirling-burners.Journal of University of Science andTechnology Beijing.2003,5(10):20-23
45张会强,周力行,林文漪等.湍流扩散燃烧多点δ-PDF模型.燃烧科学与技术,2000,6(1):57-62
46杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998
47史光梅,刘朝.工业炉内辐射换热模型研究进展.工业加热,2004(5):9-12
48李保卫,贺友多,丁立刚等.辐射换热的输运模拟研究.工程热物理学报,1996.17(2):239-243
铩?9刘林华,余其铮,阮立明等.求解辐射传递方程的离散坐标法.计算物理,1998,15(3):337-343
2吴光治.关于工业炉发展若干问题的思考.工业加热,2001(5):19-20
3刘红.我国的能源现状及发展.商场现代化,2004,10:21
4戎宗义.国内外步进梁式炉和热处理炉的现状与节能.工业炉,1998(5):8-13
5朱政苇.现代步进梁式板坯加热炉的新进展.工业炉,1994(3):52-55
6梁金修.我国能源供需与新型工业化能源战略.宏观经济管理,2006(4):37-41
7郭慧,杜琳,华贲.我国能源形势分析及其解决对策.广东化工,2005(5):1-3
8郎一环,沈镭.我国能源节约战略研究.中国人口,2006,16(2):105-109
9徐锭明.我国能源工业现状和能源政策.中国电力,2004,37(9):1-4
10刘江.我国的能源现状及发展.商场现代化,2004(10):21
11陈健.我国钢铁企业的成本压力解析.价值工程,2006(1):6-9
12张有礼,王维兴.钢铁工业能源结构与节能.中国冶金,2006,16(10):1-8
13马斌,杨一鸣.循环经济:日本解决能源问题的基本经验及启示.当代经理人,2006(21):112-113
14翁宇庆.我国钢铁工业节能环保工作的现状和展望.中国冶金,2003 (11):1-7
铩?5韩昭沧.燃料及燃烧(第2版).北京:冶金工业出版社,1997
16王善贵.调整企业内部结构实现钢铁企业经济运行.冶金管理,1999(5):34-35
17王维兴.我国钢铁工业能耗现状分析.世界金属导报,2006(7):1-6
18唐文武,鄂加强.轧钢加热炉能耗模糊变权重组合预测.工业炉,2005,27(4):37-40
19王锡淮,李柠,李少远等.步进加热炉建模和炉温优化设定策略.上海交通大学学报,2001,35(9):1307-1309
20杜冰雁.步进式加热炉内流动与传热过程的数值模拟.北京科技大学硕士论文,2004
21张毅.首钢型材轧钢加热炉热工性能研究.北京科技大学硕士论文,2001
22沈勤荣.步进式方坯加热炉的新发展.能源工程,2000(5):30-32
23王颖,王成.步进式加热炉数模优化控制.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2000(3):9-32
24陈鸿复.冶金炉热工与构造.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993
25李金佛,徐惠芳.优化加热数学模型在步进式加热炉上的应用(续).河北冶金,2001(3):9-10
26李金佛,徐惠芳.优化加热数学模型在步进式加热炉上的应用(续).河北冶金,2001(4):10-13
27Hottel H C,Cohen E S.Radiant heat exchange in gas filled enclosure:Allowance for non-uniformity of gas temperature.J A I Ch E,1958,4(3):41-47
铩?8F.M.Satler,J.A.Costik.Mathematical Model of the Heat Transferwithin a Reheating Furnace.J.Inst.Fuel,1974,47(390):3-19
29F.Fitzgerald,A.J.Sheriden.Prediction of Temperature and HeatTransfer Distribution in Gas-Fired Pusher-Reheating Furnace.J.Inst.Fuel,1974,47(390):21-27
30周力行.湍流两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟.北京:清华大学出版社,1989
31Spalding,D.B.,Palankar,S.V..A Calculation Procedure for HeatMass and Momentum Transfer in Three-dimensional Parabolic Flows.Int.J.heat and Mass Transfer,1972(15):1787-1086
32孟建忠.步进底式加热炉热过程数学模型的建立与验证.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文,2004
33李保卫,赵增武,李义科等.多旋流烧嘴加热炉内冷态流场的数值模拟研究.包头钢铁学院学报,2002,21(2):115～120
34王福军.计算流体动力学分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
35李义科,李保卫,任雁秋等.加热炉热过程数学模型与燃烧过程计算机控制的研究.包头钢铁学院学报,2002,21(2):138-143
36张凯举,邵诚,朱晖.步进式加热炉炉温优化算法的改进与计算机仿真.系统仿真学报,2006,18(3):794-796
37陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2004
38任雁秋,李义科,贺友多等.加热炉热过程数学模型方法.包头钢铁学院学报,1999,18(4):423-426
铩?9Wang Juan,Mao Yu,Li Lihong.Numerical Simulation of the Effect ofAir Distribution on Turbulent Flow and Combustion in a TubularHeating Furnace.Petroleum Science,2005,2(1):43-47
40张凯举.钢铁冶金加热过程建模与综合优化控制方法的研究.大连理工大学博士论文,2004
41张会强,陈兴隆,周力行等.湍流燃烧数值模拟研究的综述.力学进展,1999,29(4):567-575
42陈义良.湍流燃烧中的概率密度函数方法.力学进展,19990,20(4):478-487
43郭治民,张会强,王希麟等.湍流燃烧的简化的联合PDF模拟.清华大学学报,2001,41(8):75-78
44Baowei Li,Zengwu Zhao,Yike Li,Wenfei Wu and DaqiangCang.Numerical simulation of fluid flow in a reheating furnacewith multi-swirling-burners.Journal of University of Science andTechnology Beijing.2003,5(10):20-23
45张会强,周力行,林文漪等.湍流扩散燃烧多点δ-PDF模型.燃烧科学与技术,2000,6(1):57-62
46杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学(第三版).北京:高等教育出版社,1998
47史光梅,刘朝.工业炉内辐射换热模型研究进展.工业加热,2004(5):9-12
48李保卫,贺友多,丁立刚等.辐射换热的输运模拟研究.工程热物理学报,1996.17(2):239-243
铩?9刘林华,余其铮,阮立明等.求解辐射传递方程的离散坐标法.计算物理,1998,15(3):337-343