聚电解质电阻型湿敏材料及薄膜湿度传感器
|
摘要
本文采用自由基共聚的方法，制备了4-乙烯吡啶(4-vinylpyddine,4VP)和疏水性单体甲基丙烯酸丁酯(nbutyl methacrylate,nBuMA)的共I聚物(4VP-co-nBuMA)，及溴代正丁烷季胺化甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯与活性硅氧烷单体共聚物(MEBA-co-Si)，并采用红外光谱(IR)、元素分析等分析手段对合成的共聚物进行了表征。
以季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA为湿敏材料，制备了电阻型湿敏元件，研究了共聚物组成、季胺化时间、电极结构、制备工艺(浸涂时间、湿敏液浓度等)对湿敏元件响应的影响。发现：疏水性单元的引入，提高了湿敏元件的响应线性度和灵敏度；季胺化时间的延长，使聚合物季胺化程度提高，湿敏元件阻抗减小；电极叉指间距增大，阻抗增大。
以溴代正辛烷季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA为湿敏材料，制备湿敏元件，其具有响应线性度好、灵敏度高、响应快、高湿稳定性好等优点。以溴代正辛烷季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA(2／1)共聚物制得的湿敏元件在33％RH～97％RH内阻抗随湿度呈对数线性变化达4个数量级(10~7-10~3Ω)，湿滞小(＜2％RH)，灵敏度高，响应快(响应时间小于7秒)，高湿稳定性好：在高温(38℃)、高湿(87％RH～93％RH)环境下、通电(1KHz，200mV)72小时，元件响应变化较小。
采用1，4-二溴丁烷交联季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA共聚物，制备了交联型电阻湿敏元件。元件具有响应线性度好，灵敏度高，湿滞小、高温高湿稳定性好、耐无水乙醇有机溶剂性能好等优点。其中，交联季胺化17小时配料比为1／1共聚物湿敏元件，在33％RH～95％RH湿度范围内，阻抗变化达3个数量级(10~7-10~4Ω)，响应灵敏度高，几乎无湿滞。
以MEBA-co-Si共聚物为湿敏材料，制备了电阻型湿敏元件。其具有响应线性度好、灵敏度高、响应快等优点。通过与纳米ZnO无水乙醇胶体溶液共混，制备了有机无机纳米复合湿敏材料，并采用透射电镜(TEM)对复合湿敏膜进行了表征。复合后湿敏元件阻抗减小，响应线性度好，湿滞小(＜2％RH)，响应快，耐水性好：浸水(30min)前后响应几乎不变。
用静电吸引自组装法制备了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaPSS)／聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)、NaPSS／溴代正丁烷季胺化聚4-乙烯吡啶(nBuBrP4VP)、聚苯乙
浙江大学硕士学位论文 摘要
烯磷酸钠则aPSS们化锌面OX聚丙烯酸钠p句／ZnO四个体系的自组装纳
米复合湿敏膜及湿敏元件。采用紫外一可见光谱wV－VIS）、接触角测试、原子
力显微镜（MM）等分析技术对纳米复合湿敏膜进行了表征，发现四个纳米自组
装复合膜体系都是层层交替结构，ZnO纳米粒子均匀分散于有机／无机自组装膜
中。
测试了不同体系湿敏膜的感湿特性，探讨了电极结构、感湿液浓度、离子
强度／除闩电翻动复合膜层数、最外层材料、最内层材料等因素对湿敏元件响
应特性的影响。发现：NaPSSrpDDA体系具有阻抗低、响应线性度好、湿滞小、
响应快、灵敏度高等优点，其中双层数为25的湿敏元件在20％RH95％RH湿
度范围内具有良好的线性响应，阻抗变化近4个数量级＊’l’Q卜灵敏度高。
另外，发现将ZnO引入自组装体系可以加快湿敏元件的响应。
采用复阻抗谱分析法，利用Nyquist曲线和Bode模图初步探讨了交联
4VPCO－nBOMA共聚物湿敏元件和自组装湿敏元件的感湿行为。
Copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine(4VP) with nbutyl methacrylate(nBuMA) (4-VP-co-BuMA) and methacryloxyethyl butyl ammonium bromide with active organosilicone monomer (MEBA-co-Si) were prepared by radical copolymerization, and characterized by IR and element analysis.
Resistive type thin film humidity sensors were prepared using quaternized 4-VP-co-BuMA as humi-sensitive materials, and the effects of composition of copolymer, quaternization time, electrode structures, technical parameters for preparation of sensors (including dipping time, concentration of dipping solution, etc.) on humidity response of sensors were investigated. It was found that introduction of hydrophobic monomer into polymer chain improved the response linearity and sensitivity, and the impedance of sensors decreased with longer quaternization time and shorter distance between electrode tracks.
4-VP-co-BuMA quaternized with octyl bromide were found to be humi-sensitive material with good linearity, high sensitivity, fast response, high stability at high humidities. Sensors based on 4-VP-co-BuMA (4-VP/nBuMA=2/l) quaternized for 11 hours show good humidity response: Its logarithm of impedance varies linearly with relative humidity for four orders of magnitude(107-103 ) over the range of 33%RH~97%RH, showing high sensitivity, in addition, it exhibits fast response (response time less than seven seconds) and a small hysteresis(<2%RH). The response of sensors varied little after it was placed at high temperature(38癈), high humidity(87%RH~93%RH) with applied voltage of 200 mV for 72hours, which indicates the sensor has high stability under humid environment.
Simultaneously cross-linked and quaternized 4-VP-co-nBuMA was also investigated as humidity sensing materials and showed good linearity, high sensitivity, good high stability at high humidity and high temperature, and durability to organic solvent, etc. Sensors based on 4VP-co-BuMA (VP/BuMA=l/l) with crosslinking and quaternization reaction of 17 hours exhibited a change of three orders of magnitude (104~107 ) in impedance over the range of 95%RH~30%RH, showing high sensitivity, and little hysteresis was observed.
MEBA-co-Si was found to be humi-sensitive material with good linearity, high
in
Abstract
sensitivity and fast response. Sensors based on nanocomposites of MEBA-co-Si with nanosized zinc oxide colloids was prepared, which show smaller impedance, good linearity, small hysteresis (<2%RH) and fast response (less than five seconds). Furthermore, its response changed little even after the sensor was soaked in water for 30 min.
Four kinds of multi-layers nanocomposite humidity sensitive films, including sodium polystyrenesulfonate / poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (NaPSS /PDDA), sodium polystyrenesulfonate/ poly4-vinylpyridine quaternized with butyl bromide (nBuBr-P4VP), sodium polysryrenesulfonate/zinc oxide(NaPSS/ZnO) and sodium poly(acrylic acid) /zinc oxide (PAANa /ZnO ), have been prepared by means of self-assembly. The UV -Vis spectra, contact angle test and AFM analysis indicated that all the films so prepared had a layer-by-layer structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that ZnO nanoparticles were equally distributed in the composite film.
The humidity sensitive characteristics of these sensors prepared by means of self-assembly have been investigated and the effects of electrode structures, concentration of humi-sensing solution, number of bilayers, materials of the outer layer and inner layer on humidity response were discussed. It was found that self-assembly films of NaPSS/PDDA showed low impedance, good linearity and high sensitivity. Impedance of sensors with 25 bilayers of NaPSS/PDDA composite film changed linearly for four orders of magnitude (10 -10 Q) over the range of 20%RH~95%RH. Furthermore it was found that organic/inorganic nanocomposite films exhibit faster response than organic/organic composites.
The humidity sensing behavior of sensors based on cross-linked and quaternized copolymer and the sensors based on nan
以季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA为湿敏材料，制备了电阻型湿敏元件，研究了共聚物组成、季胺化时间、电极结构、制备工艺(浸涂时间、湿敏液浓度等)对湿敏元件响应的影响。发现：疏水性单元的引入，提高了湿敏元件的响应线性度和灵敏度；季胺化时间的延长，使聚合物季胺化程度提高，湿敏元件阻抗减小；电极叉指间距增大，阻抗增大。
以溴代正辛烷季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA为湿敏材料，制备湿敏元件，其具有响应线性度好、灵敏度高、响应快、高湿稳定性好等优点。以溴代正辛烷季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA(2／1)共聚物制得的湿敏元件在33％RH～97％RH内阻抗随湿度呈对数线性变化达4个数量级(10~7-10~3Ω)，湿滞小(＜2％RH)，灵敏度高，响应快(响应时间小于7秒)，高湿稳定性好：在高温(38℃)、高湿(87％RH～93％RH)环境下、通电(1KHz，200mV)72小时，元件响应变化较小。
采用1，4-二溴丁烷交联季胺化4VP-co-nBuMA共聚物，制备了交联型电阻湿敏元件。元件具有响应线性度好，灵敏度高，湿滞小、高温高湿稳定性好、耐无水乙醇有机溶剂性能好等优点。其中，交联季胺化17小时配料比为1／1共聚物湿敏元件，在33％RH～95％RH湿度范围内，阻抗变化达3个数量级(10~7-10~4Ω)，响应灵敏度高，几乎无湿滞。
以MEBA-co-Si共聚物为湿敏材料，制备了电阻型湿敏元件。其具有响应线性度好、灵敏度高、响应快等优点。通过与纳米ZnO无水乙醇胶体溶液共混，制备了有机无机纳米复合湿敏材料，并采用透射电镜(TEM)对复合湿敏膜进行了表征。复合后湿敏元件阻抗减小，响应线性度好，湿滞小(＜2％RH)，响应快，耐水性好：浸水(30min)前后响应几乎不变。
用静电吸引自组装法制备了聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaPSS)／聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)、NaPSS／溴代正丁烷季胺化聚4-乙烯吡啶(nBuBrP4VP)、聚苯乙
浙江大学硕士学位论文 摘要
烯磷酸钠则aPSS们化锌面OX聚丙烯酸钠p句／ZnO四个体系的自组装纳
米复合湿敏膜及湿敏元件。采用紫外一可见光谱wV－VIS）、接触角测试、原子
力显微镜（MM）等分析技术对纳米复合湿敏膜进行了表征，发现四个纳米自组
装复合膜体系都是层层交替结构，ZnO纳米粒子均匀分散于有机／无机自组装膜
中。
测试了不同体系湿敏膜的感湿特性，探讨了电极结构、感湿液浓度、离子
强度／除闩电翻动复合膜层数、最外层材料、最内层材料等因素对湿敏元件响
应特性的影响。发现：NaPSSrpDDA体系具有阻抗低、响应线性度好、湿滞小、
响应快、灵敏度高等优点，其中双层数为25的湿敏元件在20％RH95％RH湿
度范围内具有良好的线性响应，阻抗变化近4个数量级＊’l’Q卜灵敏度高。
另外，发现将ZnO引入自组装体系可以加快湿敏元件的响应。
采用复阻抗谱分析法，利用Nyquist曲线和Bode模图初步探讨了交联
4VPCO－nBOMA共聚物湿敏元件和自组装湿敏元件的感湿行为。
Copolymers of 4-vinylpyridine(4VP) with nbutyl methacrylate(nBuMA) (4-VP-co-BuMA) and methacryloxyethyl butyl ammonium bromide with active organosilicone monomer (MEBA-co-Si) were prepared by radical copolymerization, and characterized by IR and element analysis.
Resistive type thin film humidity sensors were prepared using quaternized 4-VP-co-BuMA as humi-sensitive materials, and the effects of composition of copolymer, quaternization time, electrode structures, technical parameters for preparation of sensors (including dipping time, concentration of dipping solution, etc.) on humidity response of sensors were investigated. It was found that introduction of hydrophobic monomer into polymer chain improved the response linearity and sensitivity, and the impedance of sensors decreased with longer quaternization time and shorter distance between electrode tracks.
4-VP-co-BuMA quaternized with octyl bromide were found to be humi-sensitive material with good linearity, high sensitivity, fast response, high stability at high humidities. Sensors based on 4-VP-co-BuMA (4-VP/nBuMA=2/l) quaternized for 11 hours show good humidity response: Its logarithm of impedance varies linearly with relative humidity for four orders of magnitude(107-103 ) over the range of 33%RH~97%RH, showing high sensitivity, in addition, it exhibits fast response (response time less than seven seconds) and a small hysteresis(<2%RH). The response of sensors varied little after it was placed at high temperature(38癈), high humidity(87%RH~93%RH) with applied voltage of 200 mV for 72hours, which indicates the sensor has high stability under humid environment.
Simultaneously cross-linked and quaternized 4-VP-co-nBuMA was also investigated as humidity sensing materials and showed good linearity, high sensitivity, good high stability at high humidity and high temperature, and durability to organic solvent, etc. Sensors based on 4VP-co-BuMA (VP/BuMA=l/l) with crosslinking and quaternization reaction of 17 hours exhibited a change of three orders of magnitude (104~107 ) in impedance over the range of 95%RH~30%RH, showing high sensitivity, and little hysteresis was observed.
MEBA-co-Si was found to be humi-sensitive material with good linearity, high
in
Abstract
sensitivity and fast response. Sensors based on nanocomposites of MEBA-co-Si with nanosized zinc oxide colloids was prepared, which show smaller impedance, good linearity, small hysteresis (<2%RH) and fast response (less than five seconds). Furthermore, its response changed little even after the sensor was soaked in water for 30 min.
Four kinds of multi-layers nanocomposite humidity sensitive films, including sodium polystyrenesulfonate / poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (NaPSS /PDDA), sodium polystyrenesulfonate/ poly4-vinylpyridine quaternized with butyl bromide (nBuBr-P4VP), sodium polysryrenesulfonate/zinc oxide(NaPSS/ZnO) and sodium poly(acrylic acid) /zinc oxide (PAANa /ZnO ), have been prepared by means of self-assembly. The UV -Vis spectra, contact angle test and AFM analysis indicated that all the films so prepared had a layer-by-layer structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that ZnO nanoparticles were equally distributed in the composite film.
The humidity sensitive characteristics of these sensors prepared by means of self-assembly have been investigated and the effects of electrode structures, concentration of humi-sensing solution, number of bilayers, materials of the outer layer and inner layer on humidity response were discussed. It was found that self-assembly films of NaPSS/PDDA showed low impedance, good linearity and high sensitivity. Impedance of sensors with 25 bilayers of NaPSS/PDDA composite film changed linearly for four orders of magnitude (10 -10 Q) over the range of 20%RH~95%RH. Furthermore it was found that organic/inorganic nanocomposite films exhibit faster response than organic/organic composites.
The humidity sensing behavior of sensors based on cross-linked and quaternized copolymer and the sensors based on nan
引文
1．金芷等主编，现代传感器技术 电子工业出版社 1995，1-6
2. Rittersma ZM, Recent achievements in miniaturised humidity sensors - a review of transduction techniques,Sensors and Actuators,2002,A96 (2-3):196-210
3. Pal PS, Sarkar P, Polymers in biosensors - a review, J. Indian Chem. Soc.,2002, 79(3): 211-218
4. Zhang YL, Guo ZX, Shen HX, Modification of bilayer lipid membrane and its application to analytical chemistry,Chinese J.Anal.Chem. 1999, 27 (9):1096-1102
5. Kroger S, Piletsky S, Turner APF, Biosensors for marine pollution research, monitoring and control,Mar. Pollut.Bull.,2002,45 (1-12):24-34
6. Mello LD, Kubota LT, Review of the use of biosensors as analytical tools in the food and drink industries, Food Chemistry,2002,77(2):237-256
7. Mascini M, Affinity electrochemical biosensors for pollution control,Pure Applied Chemistry,2001, 73 (1): 23-30
8. Liu JG, Li GX, Application of biosensors for diagnostic analysis and bioprocess monitoring,Sensors and Actuators,2000, B65 (1-3):26-31
9. Willardson BM, Wilkins JF, Rand TA, Schupp JM, Hill KK, Keim P, Jackson PJ,Development and testing of a bacterial biosensor for toluene-based environmental contaminants,Applied and Enviromental Microbiology,1998,64 (3):1006-1012
10．刘雪梅、刑婉丽、梁军，聚合物在化学传感器中的应用，化学传感器，Vol．19，No．3，1999，1-10
11．官国清、余华瑞、石炎福，化学传感器及其最新进展，化工进展，1995，5；28-31
12. M.J.Cunningham, Development and performance of a small relative humidity sensor for indoor microclimate measurements,Building and Enviroment,1999, 34:349-352
13. Bruno Patissier, Humidity sensors for automotive, appliances and consumer application,Sensors and Actuators, 1999, B59:231-234
14. Ye D, Yang CZ, Chen YM, Li YG, A new approach for measuring predicted mean vote (PMV) and standard effective temperature(SET~*),Building and Enviroment,2003,38(1):33-44
15．刘崇进，沈家瑞，朱荫兰，高分子湿度传感器的发展概况和发展方向，仪表技术与传感器，1997，12．1-4
16. Chen C., Moisture measurement of grain using humidity sensors,Transactions of the Asae,2001,44(5):1241-1245
17. Fujita T., Maenaka K.,Integrated multi-enviromental sensing-system for the intelligent data carrier,Sensors and Acuators,2002, 97-98:527-534
18. Harpster TJ, Hauvespre S, Dokmeci MR, Najafi K, A passive humidity monitoring system
for in situ remote wireless testing of micropackages,J.Microelectromechanical Systems,2002,11(1):61-67
19. Keck T., Leiacker R., Heinrich A.,Kuhnemann S.,Rettinger G.,Humidity and temperature profile in the nasal cavity,Rhinology,2000, 38(4): 167-171
20. Rathgeber J, Kahle G, Schulze T, Zuchner K, Rapid measurement of water vapour pressure at the saturation point using a new hybrid humidity sensor, BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK,2000,45(10):288-292
21. Ha NTT, An DK, Phong PV, Hoa PTM, Mai LH, Study and performance of humidity sensor based on the mechanical-optoelectronic principle for the measurement and control of humidity in storehouses,Sensors and Actuators,2000, 66(1-3):200-202
22．康昌鹤、唐省吾等编著，气、湿敏感器件及其应用，科学出版社，1988，210—216
23. Fujiwara M, Hasebe F, Shiotani M, Nishi N, Vomel H, Oltmans SJ, Water vapor control at the tropopause by equatorial Kelvin waves observed over the Galapagos,Geophys Res. Lett.,2001,28 (16):3143-3146
24. Heinonen M, A comparison of humidity standards at seven European national standards laboratories,Metrologia,2002, 39 (3): 303-308
25. F.W.Dummore, An electric hygrometer and its application to radio meterorography, J. Res.Natl. Bur. Std.,20,723,1938
26. F.W. Dummore, U.S.Pat.,2,210,903
27. Lars Stombom, 第六届全国温度与水份学术交流会议论文集，1996, 28
28．邱碧秀，电子陶瓷材料，北京：世界图书出版公司，1990，81-153
29．高桥清，小长井诚编著，秦起佑，蒋冰，徐同举等译校，传感器电子学，宇航出版社，北京，1987：177—191
30. T.Nitta,Z.Terada,S.Hayakawa,Humidity-sensitive electrical conduction of MgCr2O4-TiO2 porous ceramics,J. American Ceramic Society,1979, 63(5-6):295-300
31．易惠中，湿度传感器用湿敏材料，仪表材料，1990，21(2)：118-125
32．刘崇进 沈家瑞，高分子湿度传感器的发展概况和发展方向，仪表技术与传感器．1997,(12)．1-4
33. W.J. Smith and N. J. Hoeflich, Bull. Americ. Meterolo.Soc.,1954,35:60
34. J. Barkauskas, Investigation of conductometric humidity sensors,Talanta,1997,44:1107-1112
35. Martin Pope, U.S. Pat. 2,210,903
36．吴雄，半导体敏感器件，1987，44
37. Tai WP, Oh JH, Fabrication and humidity sensing properties of nanostructured TiO2-SnO2 thin films,Sensors and Actuators,2002, B85(1-2):154-157
38. Tao Z, Junda H, Hong L, Modification of tin dioxide thin films by ion implantation, Applied surface science, 2000, 161(3-4): 459-464
39. G. Montesperelli, A. Pumo, E. Traversa, G. Gusmano, A. Bearzotti, A. Montenero, G.Gnappi, Sol-gel processed TiO2-based thin films as innovative humidity sensors, Sensors and Actuators,1995,B(24-25):705-709
40．王兢，刘国范，刘雨微，徐宝琨，孙良彦，纳米晶BaTiO3湿敏元件研制，云南大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，19(2)：187-189
41. Varghese OK, Malhotra LK,Studies of ambient dependent electrical behavior of nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films using impedance spectroscopy,Journal of applied physics,2000,37(10):7457-7465
42. Raj AMES,Magdalane CM,Nagaraja KS,Znic(Ⅱ oxide- Yttrium(Ⅲ) oxide compositehumidity sensor,Physica Status Solid A-Applied Research, 2002, 191(1):230-234
43. Kobune M, Iida H, Soral Y, Mineshige A, Fujii S, Setter N, Effect of Yttrium and sodium addition on preparation and humidity sensitivity of porous apatite ceramics,Mater. Sci. Res. Int., 1999,5(2) 116-121
44. G.Gusmano, G.Montesperelli,E.Traversa, G. Mattogno, Microstmcture and electrical propterises of MgAl2O4 thin films for humidity sensing,J.Am. Ceram.Soc.,1993, 76:743-750
45. Alvarez R, Guerrero F, Garcia-Belmonte G, Bisquert J, Study of the humidity effect in the electrical response of the KsbMoO6 ionic conductive ceramic at low temperatme,Materials Science Engieering B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology,2002,90(3):291-295
46. Arshak KI, Twomey K, Investigation into a novel humidity sensor operating at room temperature,Microelectronics Journal,2002, 33(3):213-220
47. Basu S, Chatterjee S, Saha M, Bandyopadhay S, Mistry KK,Sengupta K, Study of electrical characteristics of porous alumina sensors for detection of low moisure in gases,Sensors and Actuators,2001, B79(2-3): 182-186
48. Chatterjee S, Basu S, Chattopadhyay D, Mistry KK, Sengupta K, Humidity sensor using porous tape cast alumina substrate.Review of Scientific Instruments,2001, 72(6):2792-2795
49. Y.C. Yeh,T.Y.Tseng, D. A. Chang, Electrical properties of TiO2-K2Ti6O13 porous ceramic humidity sensor,J.Am. Ceram.Soc., 1990,73_1992-1998
50. Raj AMES, Mallika C, Sreedharan OM, Nagaraja KS, Manganese oxide-manganese tungstate composite humidity sensors,Materials Letters,2002, 53(4-5):316-320
51. Qu WM, Wlodarski W, Meyer JU, Comparative study on micromorphology and humidity sensitive properties of thin-film and thick-film humidity sensors based on semiconducting MnWO4,Sensors and Actuators,2000, B64(1-3):76-82
52. Raj AMES, Mallika C, Swaminathan K, Sreedharan OM, Nagaraja KS, Zinc(Ⅱ) oxide-Zinc(Ⅱ) molybdate composite humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,2002, 81(2-3):229-236
53. Niranjan RS, Sathaye SD, Mulla IS, Bilayered tin oxide: zirconia thin film as a humidity sensor, Sensors and Actuators, 2001, B81(1):64-67
54. Jain MK, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma GL, Effect of pore size distribution on humidity sensing properties of MgO doped ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic,Japanese journal of applied physics part 1-regular papers short notes & review papers, 2000, 39(1): 345-350
55. Jain MK, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma GL,Humidity sensing properties of MgO doped ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic,Indian Journal of Pure AP Physics,2000, 38 (10): 710-713
56. Ying JR, Wan CR, He PJ, Sol-gel processed TiO2-K2O-LiZnVO4 ceramic thin films as innovative humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,2000, B62(3): 165-170
57. D'Apuzzo M, Aronne A, Esposito S, Pernice P,Sol-gel synthesis of humidity-sensitive P2O5- SiO2 amorphous films,Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2000,17(3):247-254
58. Zhao P, Zhai JW, Zhang LY, Yao X, Humidity sensing property of LiCI/SiO2-Al2O3 nano-composite film, Journal of inorganic materials,1999,14 (6): 995-999
59．牛德芳主编，半导体传感器原理及应用，大连，大连理工大学出版社，1993，196-213
60．潘晓光，李标荣，陶瓷湿敏元件可靠性研究，第四届全国湿度与水分学术交流会议
论 文集，武汉，中国仪器仪表学会湿度与水分专业委员会，1992，54-57
61．王天宝，王列娥，吴怀亮，铁酸锶镧半导瓷的合成，介电性质和湿敏性能，第三届全 国湿度与水分学术交流会议论文集，呼和浩特，中国仪器仪表学会湿度与水分专业委员会，1994，21-25
62. K. Kamayama, Effect of alkaline oxide addition on the humidity sensitivity of Nb2O5-doped TiO_2, Sensors and Actuators,1990, B2:143-149
63．徐天华，朱云松，Li4SiO4-Li2VO4混合电导型陶瓷的湿敏材料的研究，第六届全国湿度与水分学术交流会议论文集，北京，中国仪器仪表学会湿度与水分专业委员会，1996，21-23
64. Jain MK, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma GL, Effect of Li+ doping on ZrO2-TiO2 humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,1999, B55(2-3):180-185
65. T.Sashida, Development of A capacitive type humidity sensor with high accuracy using humi-sensing polymers,Konbunshu,1989,46(3):169176
66. Boltshauser,L.Chandran,H.Baltes,E Bose and D. Sterner, Humidity sensing properties and electrical permittivity of new photosensitive polyimides,Sensors and Actuators,1991,B(5):161-164
67．骆如枋，聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜电容型湿度传感器的研制，科技通讯(上海)，1992，(1)，-37-41
68. Ralston ARK, Klein CF, Thoma PE, Denton DD, A model for the relative environmental stability of a series of polyimide capacitance humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,1996,B34(1-3):343-348
69．骆如枋，朱庆扬，聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜电容型湿度传感器的研制，应用科学学报，1993，11(1)：86-90
70. M. matsuguchi, Y. Sadaoka, K. Nosaka, M. Ishibashi, Y. Sakai, T. Kuroiwa and A. Ito, Effect of sorbed water on the dielectric properties of acetylene-terminated polyimide resins and their application to a humidity sensor,J. Electrochem.Soc., 1993,140(3):825
71. Dokmeci M, Najafi K, A high-sensitivity polyimide capacitive relative humidity sensor for monitoring anodically bonded hermetic micropackages,Joumal of microlectromechanical systems, 2001, 10(2): 197-204
72. M. Matsuguchi, T. Kuroiwa, T. Miyagishi, S. Suzuki, T Ogura, and Y. Sakai, Stability and reliability of capacitive-type relative humidity sensors using crosslinked polyimide films, Sensors and Actuators,1998 B52(1-2):53-57
73．吴正元陈涛，PI电容湿度传感器的研制，华中理工大学学报．1999,27(4)．-46-48
74. T. Kuroiwa,T.Miyagishi,A.Ito,M.Matsuguchi,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Sakai,A thin-film polysulfone-based capacitive-type relative-humidity sensor,Sensors and Actutors,1995,B(24-25):692-695
75．陈猛，熊金虎，杨津基，等离子体聚丙烯薄膜的电气及湿敏性能，材料研究学报，1995，9(2)．-179-182
76. M. Matsuguchi,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Sakai,T.Kuroiwa and A.Ito,A capacitive-type humidity sensor using cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1991,138(6):1862
77. M. Matsuguchi,S.Umeda,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Sakai,Characterization of polymers for a capacitive- type humidity sensor based on water sorption behavior,Sensors and Actuators,1998, 49 (3):179-185
78. Matsuguchi M, Kubo S, Sakai Y, A capacitive-type relative humidity sensor saving a double
layer structure consisting of a photocrosslinked PVCA and a PMMA film, Electrochemistry,1999, 67(2): 170-174
79. R.K. Ralston,L.A.Tobin,S.S.Bajikar,D.D.Denton,Comparative performance of linear,cross-linked,and plasma-deposited PMMA capacitive humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,1994, B2:139-147
80. Roman, O.Bodea, N. Prodan, A. Levi, E. Cordos,I. Manovlou, A capacitive-type humidity sensor using crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate-co-(2 hydroxypropyl)-methacrylate), Sensors and Actuators,1995, B(24-25):710-713
81. M.Matsuguchi,M.Shinmoto,Y.Sadaoka,T.Kuroiwa,Y.Sakai,Effect of the degree of cross- linking on the characteristics of a PVCA capacitive-type humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,1996, B(34):349-355
82. M. Matsuguchi,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Nuwa, M.Shinmoto,Y.Sakai,Capacitive-type humidity sensors using polymerized vinyl carboxylate, J. Electrochem.Soc.,1994, 141(3):614-618
83. T. Sashida, Long term reliability of capacitive type type humidity sensor using CAB as humidity sensitive materal,Trans. Soc. Instrum. Control Eng.,1990,26(3):251-258
84. Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi, Y.Sakai and K. Takahashi, Effect of sorbed water on the dielectric constant of some cellulose thin films,J. Mater. Sci. Lett.1988,7:121
85．孙良彦，国外温度传感器发展动态，传感器技术。1996，(2)．-1-4
86. C.B. Park, Y. H. Lee and S. B. Yi, Fabrication of porous polymeric film for humidity sensing,Sensors and Actuators,1993 B(13-14):86
87. M. Matsuguchi, Y. Sadaoka, Y. Nuwa, M. Shinmoto,Y.Sakai and T. Kuroiwa, Capacitivetype humidity sensors using polymerized vinyl carboxylate,J. Electrochem.Soc.,1994,141(3):614
88. M. Matsuguchi, Y. Sadaoka, K. Nosaka,M. Ishibashi,Y.Sakai, Effect of sorbed water on the dielectric properties of acetylene-terminated polyimide resins and their application to a humidity sensors,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1993, 140~*3):825-829
89. M. Matsuguchi, T. Kuroiwa, T. Miyagishi,S.Suzuki,T.Ogura,and Y.Sakai, Stability and reliability of capacitive-type relative humidity sensors using crosslinked polyimide films, Sensors and Actuators,1998, B52(1-2):53-57
90. M. Matusughi, <. Shinmoto, Y. Sadaoka, T. Kuroiwa, Y. Sakai, Effect of degree of cross-linking on the characteristics of a PVCA capacitive-type humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,1996,B34:349-353
91．周明军，卢崇考，PI／CAB复合介质膜湿敏元件敏感特性研究，传感技术学报．2001，14(1)．-44-48
92．章佩娴等，STC’91论文集，416-417，1991
93. Y. Sakai, Humidity sensors using chemically modified polymeric materials, Sensors and Actuators,1993,B(13-14):82-85
94. Y. Xin, SZ Wang, An investigation of sulfonated polysulfone humidity-sensitive materials,Sensors and Sactuators, A(40): 147-149
95. Li Y, Yang MJ, Humidity sensitive properties of substituted polyacetylenes, Synthetic Metals,2002,129(3): 285-290
96. Li Y, Yang MJ, Humidity sensitive properties of a novel soluble conjugated copolymer:ethynylbenzene-co-propargyl alcohol,Sensors and Actuators,2002, B85 (1-2): 73-78
97. CasalboreMiceli G, Camaioni N, Yang M J, Zhen M, Zhan XW, DAprano A,Charge transport
mechanism in pressed pellets of polymer proton conductors, Solid State Ionics,1997,100 (3-4):217-224
98. Y. Sakai, Humidity sensors using chemically modified polymeric materials, Sensors and Actuators,1993,B(13-14):82
99. M. Hijikigawa,S.Miyoshi,T.Sugihara,A.Jinda,Sensors and Actuators,1983,(4):307
100. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao,M.Kamigaki,A humidity sensor using cross- linked quaternized polyvinylpyridine, J. Electrochem.Soc. 1989, 136(1):171-174
101. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao,M.Kamigaki,A humidity sensor using graft copolymer with polyelectrolyte branches,Polymer 1989(30):1068
102. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, K. Ikeuchi, Sensors and Actuators, 1986(9): 125-132
103．李凤仙，朱荫兰等，阴离子聚合物制备及在湿敏元件方面的应用，华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，1994，22(6)：14-18
104．陈贻帜，吴锦屏，张春华，郭奋，张军，阻抗型聚合物湿度传感器HMPTAC/St共聚物感湿膜的感湿性能，精细化工，1998，15：24-27
105．陈贻帜，用共聚物感湿膜制作湿敏电阻，四川化工，1997，2：22-27
106. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, K. Ikeuchi, Humidity sensors composed of graft copolymers,Sensors and Actuators,1986(9): 125-131
107. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, K. Fukumoto, Humidity sensitive and water resistive polymeric materials, Sensors and Actuators,1988,13:243-250
108. Y. Sakai, V.L. Rao, Y.Sadaoka,M.Matsuguchi, Humidity sensor composed ofa microporous film of polyethylene-graft-poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate),Polymer Bull.,1987,18:501-506
109. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao,M.Kamigaki, S humidity sensorusing graft copolymer with polyelectrolyte branches, Polymer, 1989 (30): 1068-1071
110. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao, Humidity sensor using miroporous film of polyethylene-graft-poly-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride,J.Mater. Sci.,1989(24):432-438
111. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,Y.Kanakura,M.Tamura, A humidity sensor using polytetrafluoroethylene-graft-quaternized-polyvinylpyridine,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1991,138:2474-2478
112. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, H. Fukumoto, Humidity sensitive and water resistive polymeric materials,Sensors and Actuators,1988, 13:243-250
113. Gong MS,Park JS,Lee MH,et al.,Humidity sensor using cross-linked polyelectrolyte prepared from mutually reactive copolymers containing phosphonium salt,Sensors and Actuators, 2002, B86(2-3):160-167
114. Son SY, Gong MS, Polymeric humidity sensor using phosphonium salt-containing polymers,Sensors and Actuators, 2002, B86(2-3): 168-173
115. Gong MS, Joo SW, Choi BK, Humidity-sensitive properties of a cross-linked polyelectrolyte prepared from mutually reactive copolymers,Journal Materials Chemistry,2002,12 (4):902-906
116. Gong MS, Lee MH, Rhee HW, Humidity sensor using cross-linked copolymers containing viologen moiety, Sensors and Actuators,2001,B73(2-3): 185-191
117. Lee CW, Rhee HW, Gong MS, Humidity sensor using epoxy resin containing quaternary ammonium salts,Sensors and Actuators,2001, B73 (2-3):124-129
118. Y. Sakai,Y.Sadaoka,M.Matsuguchi,H.Sakai,Humidity sensor durable at high humidity using simultaneously crosslinked and quaternized poly(chloromethyl styrene),Sensors and Actuators,1995, B(24-25):689-691
119. Sakai Y, Matsuguchi M, Hurukawa T, Humidity sensor using cross-linked poly(chloromethyl styrene),Sensors and Actuators,2000, B66 (1-3):135-138
120. Lee CW, Rhee HW, Gong MS, Humidity sensitive properties of copolymers containing phosphonium salts,Synthetic Metals,1999, 106 (3):177-182
121. Y.Sakai,Y.Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,I.Hiramatsu,K.Hirayama,Water resistive humidity sensor composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers,Digest Tech.Papers,Int.Conf.Solid-state Sensors and Actuators,San Francisco,CA, USA, June24-27, 1991,562-565
122. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,I. Hiramatsu, K. Hirayama, Humidity sensor composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of hydrophilic an hydrophobic polymers,Pro.3rd Int. Meet.Chemical Sensors,OH, USA,Sept.24-26, 1990, 273-276
123. Y. Sakai, M. Matsuguchi, et al,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1993,140(2):432
124. H. Noguchi, Y.Uchida, et al,J. Mater. Sci. Lett.,1989,8:1278
125．孙良彦，邱法斌，平田光寿，高分子电阻型湿敏元件改性研究，传感器技术，1994，5：10-14
126．张彤，车吉泰，邱法斌，孙良彦，一种季胺盐型高分子材料的合成和表征及其湿敏特性的研究，传感器技术学报，1997，4：72—74
127. L.S. Hwang, J.M.Ko, H.W. Rhee,C.Y.Kim, A polymer humidity sensor,Synthetic Metals,1993,55-57:3671-3676
128. Y.Sadaoka,Y.sakai, Humidity sensor using laminated film with lithium-doped hydrophilic polymer and hydrophobic porous polymer,J. Mater.Sci. Lett.,1986,6:772-773
129. M.V. Russo, G. Iucci, G. Polzonetti, Polymer,1992, 33:4401
130. Bearzotti, A. D'Amico, A. Furlani,G.Iucci, M. V. Russo, Fast humidity response of a metal halide-doped novel polymer,Sensors and Actuators,1992, B7:451-454
131. Furlani, G. Iucci, M.V. Russo, A. Bearzotti, AD' Amico,Thin films of iodine-polyphenylacethylene as starting materials for humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,1992,B7:447-450
132. XW Zhan, MJ Yang, MX Wan, Electrical proteries and spectroscopic studies of HclO4-doped poly(p-diethynylbenzene), Synthetic Metals,1998, 94:249-253
133. MJ Yang, Y. Li, XW Zhan, MF Ling, A novel resistive-type humidity sensor based on poly(p- diethynylbenzene),J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1999, 74:2010-2015
134. M. Campos, G. Casalbore-Miceli, N. Camaioni, G. Chiodelli, Electrical properties studies in poly(thionaphtheneindole) as a function of relative humidity,Synthetic Metals,1995, 73:131-134
135. De Queiroz AAA, Soares DAW, Tzesniak P, Abraham GA, Resistive-type humidity sensors based on PVP-Co and PVP-I2 complex, Journal of Polymer Science Pat B-Polymer Physics,2001,39(4):459-469
136. Y. Sadaoka, Y. Sakai, H. Akiyama, A humidity sensor using alkali salt-poly(ethylene oxide) hybrid films,J.Mater.Sci.,1986, 5:235-240
137. Ttonosakaim Oho,K.Isomura,K.Ogura,Effect of the protonation level of poly (o-phenyldiamine) (PoPD) on the ac impedance of humidity-sensitvie PoPD/Poly(Vinyl alcohol)
composite film,J.Electroanalytical Chem.,2002,520:89-93
138. K.Ogura,M.Kokura,M.Nakayama,A conductive and humidity-sensitive composite film derived from poly(o-phenylenediamine) and polyvinyl alcohol,J. Electrochem.Soc.,1995,142(9):152-153
139. K.Ogura,T.Tonosaki,H.Shiigi,AC impedance spectroscopy of humidity sensor using poly(o-phenyldiamine)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film,J.Electrochem.Soc.,2001,148(3):h21-h27
140．邱法斌 平田光寿，高分子电解质型湿度敏感元件感湿特性与机理研究，云南大学学报：自科版．1997，19(2)．-177-180
141．刘莹，刘崇进，共聚类高分子湿敏元件的离子迁移率及其导电机理，传感器技术，1998，17(5)：7-9
142．杨南如，余桂郁，溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理与过程，硅酸盐通报，1993，2：56-63
143．王立新 陈晓婷，溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅纳米尺度复合材料，河北工业大学 学报，1998，27(4)．-18-22
144. CD Feng, SL Sun, H Wang, C.U.Segre,J R.Stetter,Humidity sensing proterties of Nafion and sol-gel derived SiO2/Nafion composite thin films,Sensors and Actuators,1997,B40:217-222
145. Wang J, Yan WP,Zhang JC,Qiu FB, Zhang T,Liu GF,Xu BK,Property analysis and humidity sensitivity of the composite material of BaTiO3 and RMX,Materials Chemistry and Physics,2001,69(1-3):288-291
146. Wang J, Lin QH, Zhou RQ, Xu BK, Humidity sensors based on composite material of nano-BaTiO3 and polymer RMX, Sensors and Actuators,2002, B81 (2-3):248-253
147. Li Y, Yang M J, She Y,A novel resistive humidity sensor based on sodium polystyrenesulfonate/TiO2 nanocomposites,Chinese.J.Polym.Sci.,2002, 3:237-241
148. Yang MJ, Li Y, She Y, Lin MF,Humidity sensors using in-situ synthesized sodium polystyrenesulfonate/ZnO nanocomposites,Proceeding of IEEE,sensors,2002, 207-211
149. Sagiv J.,Organized monolayers by adsorption,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1980,102(1):92-98
150. Gero Decher, Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites,Science,1997,277:1232-1237
151. Lin WB, Yitzchaik S,Lin W P,New nonlinear optical materials:Expedient topotactic self-assembly of acentric chromophoric superlattices,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.,1995,34(13/14):1497-1499
152. Stockton W B,Rubner M F,Molecular-level processing of conjuated polymers(4),Macromolecules,1997,30(9):2717-2725
153. Shimazaki Y, Mitsuishi M, Ito S, Preparation and characterization of the layer-by-layer deposited ultrathin film based on the charge-transfer interaction in organic solvents,Langmuir,1998,14(10):2768-2773
154. C.Fou, M.F.Rubnr,Molecular-level processing of conjugated polymers,2.Layer-by-layer manipulation of in-situ polymerized p-type doped conducting polymers,Macromolecules,1995, 28,7116-7120
155. Nicholas A Kotov,Imre Dekany,Janos H.Fendler,Layer-by-layer-assembly of polyelectrolyte-Semiconductor composite,J.Phys.Chem.,1995, 99:13065-13069
156. Xie D, Jiang YD, Pan W, Li D,Wu ZM, Li YR, Fabrication and characterization of polyaniline-based gas sensor by ultra-thin film technology,Sensors and Actuators,2002,
B81(2-3):154-158
157. Francisco J. Arregui, Yaning Liu, Ignacio R. Matias, Richard O. Claus, Optical fiber humidity sensor using a nano Fabry-perot cavity formed by the ionic self-assembly method,Sensors and Actuators,B59:54-59
158. Francisco J. Arregui, Kristie L. Cooper,Yanjing Liu, Ignacio R. Matias, Richard O. Claus,Optical fiber humidity sensor with a fast response time using the ionic self-assembly method,IEICE Trans.Electron,2000,Vol.E30-C, 360-365
159. Yu HH, Yao L,Wang LX, Hu WB,Jiang DS,Fiber optic humidity sensor based on self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers,Journal of wuhan university of technology-materials science,edition, 2001,16 (3): 65-69
160. Yu HH, Jiang DS,Ionic self-assembly and humidity sensitivity of polyelectrolyte multilayers, Chinese Journal of polymer science,2002,20(1):1-7
161. Dan Li, Yadong Jiang,Yanrong Li,Xujie Yang,Lude Lu, Xin Wang, Fabrication of a prototype humidity-sensitive capacitor via layer-by-layer self-assembling technique,Materials and Engineering,2000,C11,117-119
162. Y. Yakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi, A humidity sensor using cross-linked quaternized polyvinylpyridine,J. Electrochem.Soc.,1989, 136(1):171-174
163．刘若望，高分子电阻型薄膜湿度传感器—元件构造、老化机理、感湿机理探讨，浙江大学硕士学位论文，2002
164．李扬，聚炔湿敏材料及湿度传感器，浙江大学博土学位论文，2000
165．顾长志，LB膜湿度传感器的研制，STC’91论文集，1991，411—412
166. Yaning Liu,Anbo Wang,Richard Claus,Molecular self-assembly TiO_2/Polymer nanocomposite,J.Phys.Chem.,1997,B101:1385-1388
167. E.Quartarone,P.Mustarelli,A.Magistris,M.V.Russo,I.Fratoddi,A.Furlani,Inverstigation by impedance spectroscopy on the behaviour of poly(N,N-dimethylpropargylamine) as humidity sensor,Solid State Ionics,2000,136-137:667-670
168. MJ Yang, H.M.Sun,G.Casalbore-Miceli,N.Camaioni,C.M.Mari,Poly9propargyl alcohol) doped with sulfuric acid,a new proton conductor usable for humidity sensor construction,Synthetic Metals,2001:65-69
169. N. Camaioni,G.Casalbore-Miceli,Y.Li,C.M.Mari,MJ Yang,Ion conductivity in poly(p-diethynylbenzene-co-propargyl alcohol) films bdoped with iron trichloride:dependence con temperature,Solid State Ionics,2000,144:355-359
170．史美伦，交流阻抗谱原理及应用，国防工业出版社
171. Kovtyukhova N,Ollivier PJ,Chizhik S, Dubravin A, Buzaneva E,Gorchinskiy A,Marchenko A,Smirnova N,Self-assembly of ultrathin composite TiO2/polymer films,THIN SOLID FILMS,337 (1-2):166-170 JAN 11 1999
2. Rittersma ZM, Recent achievements in miniaturised humidity sensors - a review of transduction techniques,Sensors and Actuators,2002,A96 (2-3):196-210
3. Pal PS, Sarkar P, Polymers in biosensors - a review, J. Indian Chem. Soc.,2002, 79(3): 211-218
4. Zhang YL, Guo ZX, Shen HX, Modification of bilayer lipid membrane and its application to analytical chemistry,Chinese J.Anal.Chem. 1999, 27 (9):1096-1102
5. Kroger S, Piletsky S, Turner APF, Biosensors for marine pollution research, monitoring and control,Mar. Pollut.Bull.,2002,45 (1-12):24-34
6. Mello LD, Kubota LT, Review of the use of biosensors as analytical tools in the food and drink industries, Food Chemistry,2002,77(2):237-256
7. Mascini M, Affinity electrochemical biosensors for pollution control,Pure Applied Chemistry,2001, 73 (1): 23-30
8. Liu JG, Li GX, Application of biosensors for diagnostic analysis and bioprocess monitoring,Sensors and Actuators,2000, B65 (1-3):26-31
9. Willardson BM, Wilkins JF, Rand TA, Schupp JM, Hill KK, Keim P, Jackson PJ,Development and testing of a bacterial biosensor for toluene-based environmental contaminants,Applied and Enviromental Microbiology,1998,64 (3):1006-1012
10．刘雪梅、刑婉丽、梁军，聚合物在化学传感器中的应用，化学传感器，Vol．19，No．3，1999，1-10
11．官国清、余华瑞、石炎福，化学传感器及其最新进展，化工进展，1995，5；28-31
12. M.J.Cunningham, Development and performance of a small relative humidity sensor for indoor microclimate measurements,Building and Enviroment,1999, 34:349-352
13. Bruno Patissier, Humidity sensors for automotive, appliances and consumer application,Sensors and Actuators, 1999, B59:231-234
14. Ye D, Yang CZ, Chen YM, Li YG, A new approach for measuring predicted mean vote (PMV) and standard effective temperature(SET~*),Building and Enviroment,2003,38(1):33-44
15．刘崇进，沈家瑞，朱荫兰，高分子湿度传感器的发展概况和发展方向，仪表技术与传感器，1997，12．1-4
16. Chen C., Moisture measurement of grain using humidity sensors,Transactions of the Asae,2001,44(5):1241-1245
17. Fujita T., Maenaka K.,Integrated multi-enviromental sensing-system for the intelligent data carrier,Sensors and Acuators,2002, 97-98:527-534
18. Harpster TJ, Hauvespre S, Dokmeci MR, Najafi K, A passive humidity monitoring system
for in situ remote wireless testing of micropackages,J.Microelectromechanical Systems,2002,11(1):61-67
19. Keck T., Leiacker R., Heinrich A.,Kuhnemann S.,Rettinger G.,Humidity and temperature profile in the nasal cavity,Rhinology,2000, 38(4): 167-171
20. Rathgeber J, Kahle G, Schulze T, Zuchner K, Rapid measurement of water vapour pressure at the saturation point using a new hybrid humidity sensor, BIOMEDIZINISCHE TECHNIK,2000,45(10):288-292
21. Ha NTT, An DK, Phong PV, Hoa PTM, Mai LH, Study and performance of humidity sensor based on the mechanical-optoelectronic principle for the measurement and control of humidity in storehouses,Sensors and Actuators,2000, 66(1-3):200-202
22．康昌鹤、唐省吾等编著，气、湿敏感器件及其应用，科学出版社，1988，210—216
23. Fujiwara M, Hasebe F, Shiotani M, Nishi N, Vomel H, Oltmans SJ, Water vapor control at the tropopause by equatorial Kelvin waves observed over the Galapagos,Geophys Res. Lett.,2001,28 (16):3143-3146
24. Heinonen M, A comparison of humidity standards at seven European national standards laboratories,Metrologia,2002, 39 (3): 303-308
25. F.W.Dummore, An electric hygrometer and its application to radio meterorography, J. Res.Natl. Bur. Std.,20,723,1938
26. F.W. Dummore, U.S.Pat.,2,210,903
27. Lars Stombom, 第六届全国温度与水份学术交流会议论文集，1996, 28
28．邱碧秀，电子陶瓷材料，北京：世界图书出版公司，1990，81-153
29．高桥清，小长井诚编著，秦起佑，蒋冰，徐同举等译校，传感器电子学，宇航出版社，北京，1987：177—191
30. T.Nitta,Z.Terada,S.Hayakawa,Humidity-sensitive electrical conduction of MgCr2O4-TiO2 porous ceramics,J. American Ceramic Society,1979, 63(5-6):295-300
31．易惠中，湿度传感器用湿敏材料，仪表材料，1990，21(2)：118-125
32．刘崇进 沈家瑞，高分子湿度传感器的发展概况和发展方向，仪表技术与传感器．1997,(12)．1-4
33. W.J. Smith and N. J. Hoeflich, Bull. Americ. Meterolo.Soc.,1954,35:60
34. J. Barkauskas, Investigation of conductometric humidity sensors,Talanta,1997,44:1107-1112
35. Martin Pope, U.S. Pat. 2,210,903
36．吴雄，半导体敏感器件，1987，44
37. Tai WP, Oh JH, Fabrication and humidity sensing properties of nanostructured TiO2-SnO2 thin films,Sensors and Actuators,2002, B85(1-2):154-157
38. Tao Z, Junda H, Hong L, Modification of tin dioxide thin films by ion implantation, Applied surface science, 2000, 161(3-4): 459-464
39. G. Montesperelli, A. Pumo, E. Traversa, G. Gusmano, A. Bearzotti, A. Montenero, G.Gnappi, Sol-gel processed TiO2-based thin films as innovative humidity sensors, Sensors and Actuators,1995,B(24-25):705-709
40．王兢，刘国范，刘雨微，徐宝琨，孙良彦，纳米晶BaTiO3湿敏元件研制，云南大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，19(2)：187-189
41. Varghese OK, Malhotra LK,Studies of ambient dependent electrical behavior of nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films using impedance spectroscopy,Journal of applied physics,2000,37(10):7457-7465
42. Raj AMES,Magdalane CM,Nagaraja KS,Znic(Ⅱ oxide- Yttrium(Ⅲ) oxide compositehumidity sensor,Physica Status Solid A-Applied Research, 2002, 191(1):230-234
43. Kobune M, Iida H, Soral Y, Mineshige A, Fujii S, Setter N, Effect of Yttrium and sodium addition on preparation and humidity sensitivity of porous apatite ceramics,Mater. Sci. Res. Int., 1999,5(2) 116-121
44. G.Gusmano, G.Montesperelli,E.Traversa, G. Mattogno, Microstmcture and electrical propterises of MgAl2O4 thin films for humidity sensing,J.Am. Ceram.Soc.,1993, 76:743-750
45. Alvarez R, Guerrero F, Garcia-Belmonte G, Bisquert J, Study of the humidity effect in the electrical response of the KsbMoO6 ionic conductive ceramic at low temperatme,Materials Science Engieering B-Solid State Materials for Advanced Technology,2002,90(3):291-295
46. Arshak KI, Twomey K, Investigation into a novel humidity sensor operating at room temperature,Microelectronics Journal,2002, 33(3):213-220
47. Basu S, Chatterjee S, Saha M, Bandyopadhay S, Mistry KK,Sengupta K, Study of electrical characteristics of porous alumina sensors for detection of low moisure in gases,Sensors and Actuators,2001, B79(2-3): 182-186
48. Chatterjee S, Basu S, Chattopadhyay D, Mistry KK, Sengupta K, Humidity sensor using porous tape cast alumina substrate.Review of Scientific Instruments,2001, 72(6):2792-2795
49. Y.C. Yeh,T.Y.Tseng, D. A. Chang, Electrical properties of TiO2-K2Ti6O13 porous ceramic humidity sensor,J.Am. Ceram.Soc., 1990,73_1992-1998
50. Raj AMES, Mallika C, Sreedharan OM, Nagaraja KS, Manganese oxide-manganese tungstate composite humidity sensors,Materials Letters,2002, 53(4-5):316-320
51. Qu WM, Wlodarski W, Meyer JU, Comparative study on micromorphology and humidity sensitive properties of thin-film and thick-film humidity sensors based on semiconducting MnWO4,Sensors and Actuators,2000, B64(1-3):76-82
52. Raj AMES, Mallika C, Swaminathan K, Sreedharan OM, Nagaraja KS, Zinc(Ⅱ) oxide-Zinc(Ⅱ) molybdate composite humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,2002, 81(2-3):229-236
53. Niranjan RS, Sathaye SD, Mulla IS, Bilayered tin oxide: zirconia thin film as a humidity sensor, Sensors and Actuators, 2001, B81(1):64-67
54. Jain MK, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma GL, Effect of pore size distribution on humidity sensing properties of MgO doped ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic,Japanese journal of applied physics part 1-regular papers short notes & review papers, 2000, 39(1): 345-350
55. Jain MK, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma GL,Humidity sensing properties of MgO doped ZrO2-TiO2 ceramic,Indian Journal of Pure AP Physics,2000, 38 (10): 710-713
56. Ying JR, Wan CR, He PJ, Sol-gel processed TiO2-K2O-LiZnVO4 ceramic thin films as innovative humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,2000, B62(3): 165-170
57. D'Apuzzo M, Aronne A, Esposito S, Pernice P,Sol-gel synthesis of humidity-sensitive P2O5- SiO2 amorphous films,Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2000,17(3):247-254
58. Zhao P, Zhai JW, Zhang LY, Yao X, Humidity sensing property of LiCI/SiO2-Al2O3 nano-composite film, Journal of inorganic materials,1999,14 (6): 995-999
59．牛德芳主编，半导体传感器原理及应用，大连，大连理工大学出版社，1993，196-213
60．潘晓光，李标荣，陶瓷湿敏元件可靠性研究，第四届全国湿度与水分学术交流会议
论 文集，武汉，中国仪器仪表学会湿度与水分专业委员会，1992，54-57
61．王天宝，王列娥，吴怀亮，铁酸锶镧半导瓷的合成，介电性质和湿敏性能，第三届全 国湿度与水分学术交流会议论文集，呼和浩特，中国仪器仪表学会湿度与水分专业委员会，1994，21-25
62. K. Kamayama, Effect of alkaline oxide addition on the humidity sensitivity of Nb2O5-doped TiO_2, Sensors and Actuators,1990, B2:143-149
63．徐天华，朱云松，Li4SiO4-Li2VO4混合电导型陶瓷的湿敏材料的研究，第六届全国湿度与水分学术交流会议论文集，北京，中国仪器仪表学会湿度与水分专业委员会，1996，21-23
64. Jain MK, Bhatnagar MC, Sharma GL, Effect of Li+ doping on ZrO2-TiO2 humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,1999, B55(2-3):180-185
65. T.Sashida, Development of A capacitive type humidity sensor with high accuracy using humi-sensing polymers,Konbunshu,1989,46(3):169176
66. Boltshauser,L.Chandran,H.Baltes,E Bose and D. Sterner, Humidity sensing properties and electrical permittivity of new photosensitive polyimides,Sensors and Actuators,1991,B(5):161-164
67．骆如枋，聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜电容型湿度传感器的研制，科技通讯(上海)，1992，(1)，-37-41
68. Ralston ARK, Klein CF, Thoma PE, Denton DD, A model for the relative environmental stability of a series of polyimide capacitance humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,1996,B34(1-3):343-348
69．骆如枋，朱庆扬，聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜电容型湿度传感器的研制，应用科学学报，1993，11(1)：86-90
70. M. matsuguchi, Y. Sadaoka, K. Nosaka, M. Ishibashi, Y. Sakai, T. Kuroiwa and A. Ito, Effect of sorbed water on the dielectric properties of acetylene-terminated polyimide resins and their application to a humidity sensor,J. Electrochem.Soc., 1993,140(3):825
71. Dokmeci M, Najafi K, A high-sensitivity polyimide capacitive relative humidity sensor for monitoring anodically bonded hermetic micropackages,Joumal of microlectromechanical systems, 2001, 10(2): 197-204
72. M. Matsuguchi, T. Kuroiwa, T. Miyagishi, S. Suzuki, T Ogura, and Y. Sakai, Stability and reliability of capacitive-type relative humidity sensors using crosslinked polyimide films, Sensors and Actuators,1998 B52(1-2):53-57
73．吴正元陈涛，PI电容湿度传感器的研制，华中理工大学学报．1999,27(4)．-46-48
74. T. Kuroiwa,T.Miyagishi,A.Ito,M.Matsuguchi,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Sakai,A thin-film polysulfone-based capacitive-type relative-humidity sensor,Sensors and Actutors,1995,B(24-25):692-695
75．陈猛，熊金虎，杨津基，等离子体聚丙烯薄膜的电气及湿敏性能，材料研究学报，1995，9(2)．-179-182
76. M. Matsuguchi,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Sakai,T.Kuroiwa and A.Ito,A capacitive-type humidity sensor using cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1991,138(6):1862
77. M. Matsuguchi,S.Umeda,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Sakai,Characterization of polymers for a capacitive- type humidity sensor based on water sorption behavior,Sensors and Actuators,1998, 49 (3):179-185
78. Matsuguchi M, Kubo S, Sakai Y, A capacitive-type relative humidity sensor saving a double
layer structure consisting of a photocrosslinked PVCA and a PMMA film, Electrochemistry,1999, 67(2): 170-174
79. R.K. Ralston,L.A.Tobin,S.S.Bajikar,D.D.Denton,Comparative performance of linear,cross-linked,and plasma-deposited PMMA capacitive humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,1994, B2:139-147
80. Roman, O.Bodea, N. Prodan, A. Levi, E. Cordos,I. Manovlou, A capacitive-type humidity sensor using crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate-co-(2 hydroxypropyl)-methacrylate), Sensors and Actuators,1995, B(24-25):710-713
81. M.Matsuguchi,M.Shinmoto,Y.Sadaoka,T.Kuroiwa,Y.Sakai,Effect of the degree of cross- linking on the characteristics of a PVCA capacitive-type humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,1996, B(34):349-355
82. M. Matsuguchi,Y.Sadaoka,Y.Nuwa, M.Shinmoto,Y.Sakai,Capacitive-type humidity sensors using polymerized vinyl carboxylate, J. Electrochem.Soc.,1994, 141(3):614-618
83. T. Sashida, Long term reliability of capacitive type type humidity sensor using CAB as humidity sensitive materal,Trans. Soc. Instrum. Control Eng.,1990,26(3):251-258
84. Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi, Y.Sakai and K. Takahashi, Effect of sorbed water on the dielectric constant of some cellulose thin films,J. Mater. Sci. Lett.1988,7:121
85．孙良彦，国外温度传感器发展动态，传感器技术。1996，(2)．-1-4
86. C.B. Park, Y. H. Lee and S. B. Yi, Fabrication of porous polymeric film for humidity sensing,Sensors and Actuators,1993 B(13-14):86
87. M. Matsuguchi, Y. Sadaoka, Y. Nuwa, M. Shinmoto,Y.Sakai and T. Kuroiwa, Capacitivetype humidity sensors using polymerized vinyl carboxylate,J. Electrochem.Soc.,1994,141(3):614
88. M. Matsuguchi, Y. Sadaoka, K. Nosaka,M. Ishibashi,Y.Sakai, Effect of sorbed water on the dielectric properties of acetylene-terminated polyimide resins and their application to a humidity sensors,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1993, 140~*3):825-829
89. M. Matsuguchi, T. Kuroiwa, T. Miyagishi,S.Suzuki,T.Ogura,and Y.Sakai, Stability and reliability of capacitive-type relative humidity sensors using crosslinked polyimide films, Sensors and Actuators,1998, B52(1-2):53-57
90. M. Matusughi, <. Shinmoto, Y. Sadaoka, T. Kuroiwa, Y. Sakai, Effect of degree of cross-linking on the characteristics of a PVCA capacitive-type humidity sensor,Sensors and Actuators,1996,B34:349-353
91．周明军，卢崇考，PI／CAB复合介质膜湿敏元件敏感特性研究，传感技术学报．2001，14(1)．-44-48
92．章佩娴等，STC’91论文集，416-417，1991
93. Y. Sakai, Humidity sensors using chemically modified polymeric materials, Sensors and Actuators,1993,B(13-14):82-85
94. Y. Xin, SZ Wang, An investigation of sulfonated polysulfone humidity-sensitive materials,Sensors and Sactuators, A(40): 147-149
95. Li Y, Yang MJ, Humidity sensitive properties of substituted polyacetylenes, Synthetic Metals,2002,129(3): 285-290
96. Li Y, Yang MJ, Humidity sensitive properties of a novel soluble conjugated copolymer:ethynylbenzene-co-propargyl alcohol,Sensors and Actuators,2002, B85 (1-2): 73-78
97. CasalboreMiceli G, Camaioni N, Yang M J, Zhen M, Zhan XW, DAprano A,Charge transport
mechanism in pressed pellets of polymer proton conductors, Solid State Ionics,1997,100 (3-4):217-224
98. Y. Sakai, Humidity sensors using chemically modified polymeric materials, Sensors and Actuators,1993,B(13-14):82
99. M. Hijikigawa,S.Miyoshi,T.Sugihara,A.Jinda,Sensors and Actuators,1983,(4):307
100. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao,M.Kamigaki,A humidity sensor using cross- linked quaternized polyvinylpyridine, J. Electrochem.Soc. 1989, 136(1):171-174
101. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao,M.Kamigaki,A humidity sensor using graft copolymer with polyelectrolyte branches,Polymer 1989(30):1068
102. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, K. Ikeuchi, Sensors and Actuators, 1986(9): 125-132
103．李凤仙，朱荫兰等，阴离子聚合物制备及在湿敏元件方面的应用，华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)，1994，22(6)：14-18
104．陈贻帜，吴锦屏，张春华，郭奋，张军，阻抗型聚合物湿度传感器HMPTAC/St共聚物感湿膜的感湿性能，精细化工，1998，15：24-27
105．陈贻帜，用共聚物感湿膜制作湿敏电阻，四川化工，1997，2：22-27
106. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, K. Ikeuchi, Humidity sensors composed of graft copolymers,Sensors and Actuators,1986(9): 125-131
107. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, K. Fukumoto, Humidity sensitive and water resistive polymeric materials, Sensors and Actuators,1988,13:243-250
108. Y. Sakai, V.L. Rao, Y.Sadaoka,M.Matsuguchi, Humidity sensor composed ofa microporous film of polyethylene-graft-poly-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate),Polymer Bull.,1987,18:501-506
109. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao,M.Kamigaki, S humidity sensorusing graft copolymer with polyelectrolyte branches, Polymer, 1989 (30): 1068-1071
110. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,V.L.Rao, Humidity sensor using miroporous film of polyethylene-graft-poly-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride,J.Mater. Sci.,1989(24):432-438
111. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,Y.Kanakura,M.Tamura, A humidity sensor using polytetrafluoroethylene-graft-quaternized-polyvinylpyridine,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1991,138:2474-2478
112. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, H. Fukumoto, Humidity sensitive and water resistive polymeric materials,Sensors and Actuators,1988, 13:243-250
113. Gong MS,Park JS,Lee MH,et al.,Humidity sensor using cross-linked polyelectrolyte prepared from mutually reactive copolymers containing phosphonium salt,Sensors and Actuators, 2002, B86(2-3):160-167
114. Son SY, Gong MS, Polymeric humidity sensor using phosphonium salt-containing polymers,Sensors and Actuators, 2002, B86(2-3): 168-173
115. Gong MS, Joo SW, Choi BK, Humidity-sensitive properties of a cross-linked polyelectrolyte prepared from mutually reactive copolymers,Journal Materials Chemistry,2002,12 (4):902-906
116. Gong MS, Lee MH, Rhee HW, Humidity sensor using cross-linked copolymers containing viologen moiety, Sensors and Actuators,2001,B73(2-3): 185-191
117. Lee CW, Rhee HW, Gong MS, Humidity sensor using epoxy resin containing quaternary ammonium salts,Sensors and Actuators,2001, B73 (2-3):124-129
118. Y. Sakai,Y.Sadaoka,M.Matsuguchi,H.Sakai,Humidity sensor durable at high humidity using simultaneously crosslinked and quaternized poly(chloromethyl styrene),Sensors and Actuators,1995, B(24-25):689-691
119. Sakai Y, Matsuguchi M, Hurukawa T, Humidity sensor using cross-linked poly(chloromethyl styrene),Sensors and Actuators,2000, B66 (1-3):135-138
120. Lee CW, Rhee HW, Gong MS, Humidity sensitive properties of copolymers containing phosphonium salts,Synthetic Metals,1999, 106 (3):177-182
121. Y.Sakai,Y.Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,I.Hiramatsu,K.Hirayama,Water resistive humidity sensor composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers,Digest Tech.Papers,Int.Conf.Solid-state Sensors and Actuators,San Francisco,CA, USA, June24-27, 1991,562-565
122. Y. Sakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi,I. Hiramatsu, K. Hirayama, Humidity sensor composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of hydrophilic an hydrophobic polymers,Pro.3rd Int. Meet.Chemical Sensors,OH, USA,Sept.24-26, 1990, 273-276
123. Y. Sakai, M. Matsuguchi, et al,J.Electrochem.Soc.,1993,140(2):432
124. H. Noguchi, Y.Uchida, et al,J. Mater. Sci. Lett.,1989,8:1278
125．孙良彦，邱法斌，平田光寿，高分子电阻型湿敏元件改性研究，传感器技术，1994，5：10-14
126．张彤，车吉泰，邱法斌，孙良彦，一种季胺盐型高分子材料的合成和表征及其湿敏特性的研究，传感器技术学报，1997，4：72—74
127. L.S. Hwang, J.M.Ko, H.W. Rhee,C.Y.Kim, A polymer humidity sensor,Synthetic Metals,1993,55-57:3671-3676
128. Y.Sadaoka,Y.sakai, Humidity sensor using laminated film with lithium-doped hydrophilic polymer and hydrophobic porous polymer,J. Mater.Sci. Lett.,1986,6:772-773
129. M.V. Russo, G. Iucci, G. Polzonetti, Polymer,1992, 33:4401
130. Bearzotti, A. D'Amico, A. Furlani,G.Iucci, M. V. Russo, Fast humidity response of a metal halide-doped novel polymer,Sensors and Actuators,1992, B7:451-454
131. Furlani, G. Iucci, M.V. Russo, A. Bearzotti, AD' Amico,Thin films of iodine-polyphenylacethylene as starting materials for humidity sensors,Sensors and Actuators,1992,B7:447-450
132. XW Zhan, MJ Yang, MX Wan, Electrical proteries and spectroscopic studies of HclO4-doped poly(p-diethynylbenzene), Synthetic Metals,1998, 94:249-253
133. MJ Yang, Y. Li, XW Zhan, MF Ling, A novel resistive-type humidity sensor based on poly(p- diethynylbenzene),J.Appl.Polym.Sci.,1999, 74:2010-2015
134. M. Campos, G. Casalbore-Miceli, N. Camaioni, G. Chiodelli, Electrical properties studies in poly(thionaphtheneindole) as a function of relative humidity,Synthetic Metals,1995, 73:131-134
135. De Queiroz AAA, Soares DAW, Tzesniak P, Abraham GA, Resistive-type humidity sensors based on PVP-Co and PVP-I2 complex, Journal of Polymer Science Pat B-Polymer Physics,2001,39(4):459-469
136. Y. Sadaoka, Y. Sakai, H. Akiyama, A humidity sensor using alkali salt-poly(ethylene oxide) hybrid films,J.Mater.Sci.,1986, 5:235-240
137. Ttonosakaim Oho,K.Isomura,K.Ogura,Effect of the protonation level of poly (o-phenyldiamine) (PoPD) on the ac impedance of humidity-sensitvie PoPD/Poly(Vinyl alcohol)
composite film,J.Electroanalytical Chem.,2002,520:89-93
138. K.Ogura,M.Kokura,M.Nakayama,A conductive and humidity-sensitive composite film derived from poly(o-phenylenediamine) and polyvinyl alcohol,J. Electrochem.Soc.,1995,142(9):152-153
139. K.Ogura,T.Tonosaki,H.Shiigi,AC impedance spectroscopy of humidity sensor using poly(o-phenyldiamine)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film,J.Electrochem.Soc.,2001,148(3):h21-h27
140．邱法斌 平田光寿，高分子电解质型湿度敏感元件感湿特性与机理研究，云南大学学报：自科版．1997，19(2)．-177-180
141．刘莹，刘崇进，共聚类高分子湿敏元件的离子迁移率及其导电机理，传感器技术，1998，17(5)：7-9
142．杨南如，余桂郁，溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理与过程，硅酸盐通报，1993，2：56-63
143．王立新 陈晓婷，溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺／二氧化硅纳米尺度复合材料，河北工业大学 学报，1998，27(4)．-18-22
144. CD Feng, SL Sun, H Wang, C.U.Segre,J R.Stetter,Humidity sensing proterties of Nafion and sol-gel derived SiO2/Nafion composite thin films,Sensors and Actuators,1997,B40:217-222
145. Wang J, Yan WP,Zhang JC,Qiu FB, Zhang T,Liu GF,Xu BK,Property analysis and humidity sensitivity of the composite material of BaTiO3 and RMX,Materials Chemistry and Physics,2001,69(1-3):288-291
146. Wang J, Lin QH, Zhou RQ, Xu BK, Humidity sensors based on composite material of nano-BaTiO3 and polymer RMX, Sensors and Actuators,2002, B81 (2-3):248-253
147. Li Y, Yang M J, She Y,A novel resistive humidity sensor based on sodium polystyrenesulfonate/TiO2 nanocomposites,Chinese.J.Polym.Sci.,2002, 3:237-241
148. Yang MJ, Li Y, She Y, Lin MF,Humidity sensors using in-situ synthesized sodium polystyrenesulfonate/ZnO nanocomposites,Proceeding of IEEE,sensors,2002, 207-211
149. Sagiv J.,Organized monolayers by adsorption,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1980,102(1):92-98
150. Gero Decher, Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites,Science,1997,277:1232-1237
151. Lin WB, Yitzchaik S,Lin W P,New nonlinear optical materials:Expedient topotactic self-assembly of acentric chromophoric superlattices,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.,1995,34(13/14):1497-1499
152. Stockton W B,Rubner M F,Molecular-level processing of conjuated polymers(4),Macromolecules,1997,30(9):2717-2725
153. Shimazaki Y, Mitsuishi M, Ito S, Preparation and characterization of the layer-by-layer deposited ultrathin film based on the charge-transfer interaction in organic solvents,Langmuir,1998,14(10):2768-2773
154. C.Fou, M.F.Rubnr,Molecular-level processing of conjugated polymers,2.Layer-by-layer manipulation of in-situ polymerized p-type doped conducting polymers,Macromolecules,1995, 28,7116-7120
155. Nicholas A Kotov,Imre Dekany,Janos H.Fendler,Layer-by-layer-assembly of polyelectrolyte-Semiconductor composite,J.Phys.Chem.,1995, 99:13065-13069
156. Xie D, Jiang YD, Pan W, Li D,Wu ZM, Li YR, Fabrication and characterization of polyaniline-based gas sensor by ultra-thin film technology,Sensors and Actuators,2002,
B81(2-3):154-158
157. Francisco J. Arregui, Yaning Liu, Ignacio R. Matias, Richard O. Claus, Optical fiber humidity sensor using a nano Fabry-perot cavity formed by the ionic self-assembly method,Sensors and Actuators,B59:54-59
158. Francisco J. Arregui, Kristie L. Cooper,Yanjing Liu, Ignacio R. Matias, Richard O. Claus,Optical fiber humidity sensor with a fast response time using the ionic self-assembly method,IEICE Trans.Electron,2000,Vol.E30-C, 360-365
159. Yu HH, Yao L,Wang LX, Hu WB,Jiang DS,Fiber optic humidity sensor based on self-assembled polyelectrolyte multilayers,Journal of wuhan university of technology-materials science,edition, 2001,16 (3): 65-69
160. Yu HH, Jiang DS,Ionic self-assembly and humidity sensitivity of polyelectrolyte multilayers, Chinese Journal of polymer science,2002,20(1):1-7
161. Dan Li, Yadong Jiang,Yanrong Li,Xujie Yang,Lude Lu, Xin Wang, Fabrication of a prototype humidity-sensitive capacitor via layer-by-layer self-assembling technique,Materials and Engineering,2000,C11,117-119
162. Y. Yakai, Y. Sadaoka, M. Matsuguchi, A humidity sensor using cross-linked quaternized polyvinylpyridine,J. Electrochem.Soc.,1989, 136(1):171-174
163．刘若望，高分子电阻型薄膜湿度传感器—元件构造、老化机理、感湿机理探讨，浙江大学硕士学位论文，2002
164．李扬，聚炔湿敏材料及湿度传感器，浙江大学博土学位论文，2000
165．顾长志，LB膜湿度传感器的研制，STC’91论文集，1991，411—412
166. Yaning Liu,Anbo Wang,Richard Claus,Molecular self-assembly TiO_2/Polymer nanocomposite,J.Phys.Chem.,1997,B101:1385-1388
167. E.Quartarone,P.Mustarelli,A.Magistris,M.V.Russo,I.Fratoddi,A.Furlani,Inverstigation by impedance spectroscopy on the behaviour of poly(N,N-dimethylpropargylamine) as humidity sensor,Solid State Ionics,2000,136-137:667-670
168. MJ Yang, H.M.Sun,G.Casalbore-Miceli,N.Camaioni,C.M.Mari,Poly9propargyl alcohol) doped with sulfuric acid,a new proton conductor usable for humidity sensor construction,Synthetic Metals,2001:65-69
169. N. Camaioni,G.Casalbore-Miceli,Y.Li,C.M.Mari,MJ Yang,Ion conductivity in poly(p-diethynylbenzene-co-propargyl alcohol) films bdoped with iron trichloride:dependence con temperature,Solid State Ionics,2000,144:355-359
170．史美伦，交流阻抗谱原理及应用，国防工业出版社
171. Kovtyukhova N,Ollivier PJ,Chizhik S, Dubravin A, Buzaneva E,Gorchinskiy A,Marchenko A,Smirnova N,Self-assembly of ultrathin composite TiO2/polymer films,THIN SOLID FILMS,337 (1-2):166-170 JAN 11 1999