含油气储集岩油气地球化学研究
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摘要
本论文将储集岩中的油气组分划分为自由态组分、束缚态组分（与矿物和沥青
质结合的油气组分）和油气包裹体三类，然后设计了一整套实验室分析流程将这些
组分逐步提取出来，分离出饱和烃组分做GC和GC－MS分析。通过综合分析、对
比各组分的分十地球化学参数，对储集岩中这些不同赋存形式的油气组分地球化学
意义有了更深入的认识。
研究结果表明同一储集岩样品中不同赋存形式的油气组分分于地球化学参数具
有明显的差异。揭示了准噶尔盆地石西油区和莫索湾油气聚集带、塔里木盆地塔北
库车油气聚集带为多源和多期成藏的产物。通过塔中11井志留系沥青砂沥青质吸
附烃的研究恢复了志留系油砂初始原油的地球化学特征和油气多用充注的过程。根
据胜利油区临南凹陷沥青质吸附烃和自由态油气组分的对比分析，重新评价了油气
运移对油气组成和饱和烃组分分子地球化学参数的影响。
In this dissertation, hydrocarbons in reservoir rocks have been classified as "free oils",
"absorbed oils" and "oil-bearing fluid inclusions". The "absorbed oils" include those
adsorbed by minerals and asphaltene networks. In order to obtain all these types of oil
components, a practicaI approach of sequential extraction has been developed and carried
out on reservoir rocks, such as sandstone, volcanic and carbonate reservoir rocks. The
variant types of oil components extracted separately from a same reservoir rock sample
were fractionated to obtain aliphatic fractions which were further analyzed by GC and
GC-MS. The geochemical behavior and significance of every type oil components has
been discussed in details based on molecular parameters.
Molecular correlation indicates that striking differences exist among different types of oil
components obtained from a same reservoir rock sampIe, reflecting compositional
variations of oil chaiges into this reservoir during oil filling process. The results of this
study demonstrate that oil reservoirs in Shixi Oilfield and Mosowan Uplift of Junggar
Basin and in Northern Tarim Uplift and Kuche Depression of Tarim Basin formed with
severaI oil charging episodes and were derived from multipIe source rocks. According to
the GC-MS analysis of adsorbed oils in asphaltene networks, the primary oil
compositions have been reconstructed and multiple oil charging episodes have been also
demonstrated in Silurian tar sands from TZII Well. Based on the correlation of free oil
components and adsorbed oil components by asphaltene networks of two crude oil
samples collected from Linnan region of the Jiyang Depression, gross and molecular
colnpositional Fractionations caused by oil migration have been re-evaluated.
质结合的油气组分）和油气包裹体三类，然后设计了一整套实验室分析流程将这些
组分逐步提取出来，分离出饱和烃组分做GC和GC－MS分析。通过综合分析、对
比各组分的分十地球化学参数，对储集岩中这些不同赋存形式的油气组分地球化学
意义有了更深入的认识。
研究结果表明同一储集岩样品中不同赋存形式的油气组分分于地球化学参数具
有明显的差异。揭示了准噶尔盆地石西油区和莫索湾油气聚集带、塔里木盆地塔北
库车油气聚集带为多源和多期成藏的产物。通过塔中11井志留系沥青砂沥青质吸
附烃的研究恢复了志留系油砂初始原油的地球化学特征和油气多用充注的过程。根
据胜利油区临南凹陷沥青质吸附烃和自由态油气组分的对比分析，重新评价了油气
运移对油气组成和饱和烃组分分子地球化学参数的影响。
In this dissertation, hydrocarbons in reservoir rocks have been classified as "free oils",
"absorbed oils" and "oil-bearing fluid inclusions". The "absorbed oils" include those
adsorbed by minerals and asphaltene networks. In order to obtain all these types of oil
components, a practicaI approach of sequential extraction has been developed and carried
out on reservoir rocks, such as sandstone, volcanic and carbonate reservoir rocks. The
variant types of oil components extracted separately from a same reservoir rock sample
were fractionated to obtain aliphatic fractions which were further analyzed by GC and
GC-MS. The geochemical behavior and significance of every type oil components has
been discussed in details based on molecular parameters.
Molecular correlation indicates that striking differences exist among different types of oil
components obtained from a same reservoir rock sampIe, reflecting compositional
variations of oil chaiges into this reservoir during oil filling process. The results of this
study demonstrate that oil reservoirs in Shixi Oilfield and Mosowan Uplift of Junggar
Basin and in Northern Tarim Uplift and Kuche Depression of Tarim Basin formed with
severaI oil charging episodes and were derived from multipIe source rocks. According to
the GC-MS analysis of adsorbed oils in asphaltene networks, the primary oil
compositions have been reconstructed and multiple oil charging episodes have been also
demonstrated in Silurian tar sands from TZII Well. Based on the correlation of free oil
components and adsorbed oil components by asphaltene networks of two crude oil
samples collected from Linnan region of the Jiyang Depression, gross and molecular
colnpositional Fractionations caused by oil migration have been re-evaluated.
引文
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张国俊等 1993，中国石油地质志：第15卷-准噶尔盆地。石油工业出版社。
张敏，林壬子，梅博文，1997，油藏地球化学—塔里木盆地库车含油气系统研究．重庆：重庆大学出版社。
杨斌，蒋助生，李建新等．1992，准噶尔盆地西北缘油源研究．见：罗斌杰主编．准噶尔盆地油气地质综合研究．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社．62-73．
贾希玉等，1992，准噶尔盆地腹部地区石油地质特征及找油前景．见：罗斌杰主编．准噶尔盆地油气地质综合研究．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社．236-245．
王秉海、钱凯主编，1992，胜利油区地质研究与勘探实践。石油大学出版社。
田军等，1998，塔北隆起及库车坳陷勘探目标选择与评价。九五攻关报告。
朱扬明．塔里木盆地中生界陆相生油层及原油地球化学．重庆．重庆大学出版社．1997
黄第藩、赵孟军等 1994 塔里木盆地古生代海相烃源岩的地质地球化学特征、热演化和成烃模式，八五攻关报告。
罗斌杰、傅家谟等，1993，塔里木盆地油气形成地质地球化学研究，八五攻关报告
梁狄刚，张水昌等，1994，塔里木盆地源岩地球化学、油源对比及油藏形成期研究，八五攻关报告。
赵孟军，黄第藩．塔里木盆地古生界油源对比．塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展．见：童晓光，梁狄刚，贾承造主编．北京：科学出版社，1996．300-310
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