摘要
羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷是一种性能优异的人体硬组织修复材料,具有优良的生物
相容性,植入人体后能逐步与人体骨结合成为一体。但由于其力学性能较差,还不
能成为理想的承重修复材料,因此有必要进一步深入研究以发挥其生物学性能的优
势。本文制备了HAP/Ni3Al复合生物材料,并对该材料的原料粉末的制备及特性与
复合材料的烧结工艺、力学性能、微观结构进行了比较深入的实验研究和理论探讨,
为下一步的研究打下实验和理论基础。
首先,本文采用沉淀法制备纳米级HAP粉末,以Ca(NO3) 2·4H2O和(NH4) 2HPO4
为原料,以NH3·H2O作体系pH调节剂,制备了粒径在100纳米以下,平均粒径在
60-70纳米,晶粒多为棒状的HAP粉体,并进一步对合成的材料进行TEM、IR、XRD
分析和光学显微分析,对反应机理进行了初步探讨并对粉体的性能进行了简单的评
价。用镍粉和铝粉经机械合金化结合热处理工艺制备Ni3Al粉体,应用此粉体作为
羟基磷灰石基生物材料的增强相,并研究了Ni3Al粉体的性能。
其次,本文以Ni3Al粒子作为第二相增强HAP,采用烧结法制备了复合生物材
料,并对制备的材料进行了力学性能测试,利用大白鼠肌肉埋植实验和抑菌实验考
察了复合生物材料的生物学性能,通过XRD、AFM、光学显微镜等测试手段揭示了复
合陶瓷材料的矿物组成及微观结构。并据此实验结果分析其增强机理,初步探索出
一套制备承重骨用HAP基复合生物材料的工艺。研究结果表明:Ni3Al的加入没有
改变羟基磷灰石的晶体结构,羟基磷灰石材料的生物活性没有降低。力学性能结果
表明,加入Ni3Al后,材料的力学性能明显提高,同时对Ni3Al增强HAP复合生物材
料的增强机制进行了探讨,认为Ni3Al对HA材料的增韧机制主要是金属间化合物
颗粒诱导裂纹偏转增韧和微裂纹增韧。证实HAP/Ni3AL复合生物材料具有良好的力
学性能、化学稳定性、生物相容性,是一种很有应用前景的复合型生物材料。
最后,本文还采用凝胶注模法成型工艺制备了金属间化合物/羟基磷灰石医用
生物复合材料坯体,初步探讨了复合材料凝胶注模法制备人工骨的可行性,为下一
步实验打下有益的理论与实践基础。
Hydroxyapatite bioceramic is a good type of biomedical material that is used to restore and replace the hard tissue of human bodies. It's biocompatible can form a bond with the neighboring bone. But hydroxyapatite isn't an ideal bearing planting, for it's bad mechanics properties. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more research on it for giving its advantage of biological characteristics.In this paper, HAP/Ni3Al composite biomaterial has been prepared, and the preparation to the raw materials powder and prosperities of these materials, sintering craft of composite biomaterials and studies of the microstructure have carried on deeper experiment research and theory discussion, in order to obtain the experimental and theoretical foundation next.
First, in this paper, with Ca(NO3)2 . 4H2O and (NH4) 2HPO4 as raw materials and NH3. H2O as regulating pharmaceutical of pHs, nanometer grains of HAP powder have prepared in precipitating method. HAP powder with grain diameter under 100 nm, average diameter 60-70 nm and bar shape can be obtained. TEM, IR, XRD and optics microscope were carried out to characterize phases and microstructure of specimen. Ni3Al powder was produced in this study by using Ni and Al powder. X-ray diffraction and optics microscope were used to characterize the structure, crystallite size and components.
Second, Based on powders of HAP and Ni3Al, HAP/Ni3Al composite biomaterials were sintered by different kinds of materials. Mechanical properties of HAP/Ni3Al composite biomaterials were measured. To evaluate the biological properties, the muscular implant test in white rats and methyl benzoate test were carried out. The composition and microstructure of these materials were revealed by the means of testing methods of XRD, AFM, optics microscope, etc. The author introduce a suit of enhance method of preparing a compound biomaterial based hydroxyapatite, which can meet the demand of bearing planting. It was found that the crystal structure of HAP was not changed by the composite making process, thus the bioactivity of the composite biomaterials was not degraded either. Results of mechanical properties of HAP/Ni3Al composite biomaterials show that the mechanical properties of HAP/Ni3Al composite biomaterials had a good improvement after the composite process was carried out. The toughening mechanism of Ni3Al reinforced HAP composite materials was grand of Ni3Al-induced crack deflection toughing and micro-crack toughing. The study showed composite materials had good mechanical properties, chemical stability, and biocompatibility. The composites were new composite biomaterials with good prospects.
Finally, HAP/Ni3Al composite biomaterials were prepared with HAP and Ni3Al
powders by novel gelcasting process. The mechanical properties of the biomaterials were investigated. The feasibility of preparing composite biomaterials by gelcasting process was studied laying the helpful theory and practice foundation for the further experiment.
引文
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