无花果(Ficus carica L.)花芽分化的初步研究
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摘要
本文以布兰瑞克无花果为研究材料,采用石蜡切片的方法研究了其花芽分化的形态学过程,并在此基础之上对其激素含量的变化规律和营养物质含量的变化规律进行了分析,同时初步确定了激素、营养和花芽分化之间的相互关系。试验的结果表明:
     1.布兰瑞克休眠芽是叶芽,花芽的形成是随着新梢的生长至下而上进行的,越到新梢的上部花芽分化所需要的时间就越短。花芽分化大致可以分为三个时期:分化始期,花托形成期,小花形成期。
     2.在花托和小花形成阶段,芽内需要较高水平的ZRs、ABA和较低水平的GA_(1+3)、IAA;同时ABA/IAA,ABA/GA_(1+3),ZRS/GA_(1+3)和ZRs/IAA均有较高比值。
     3.叶片可溶性蛋白在小花形成前含量最高;叶片可溶性糖在花托形成前有积累,在此之后含量则逐步下降;叶片中淀粉含量在花芽分化的过程变化不大。
This paper studied the process of the floral differentiation of Ficus carica L. 'Brunswick' with paraffin cut method. Atddition to that, the change of hormone levels and nutritions were also studied. The main results were as follows: 1. The dormant bud of Ficus carica L. 'Brunswick ' was leaf bud. The formation of flower primordium is from down to up, following the growth of new shoot. Upper the flower the flower bud on the new shoot, shorter the time for differentiation . There are three periods for flower bud differentiation: initial differentiation ,floral receptacle formation , floscule formation .
    2. At the formation of floral receptacle and floscule, high levels of ZRs, ABA and low level of GA1+3, IAA were observed . At the forming phase of floral receptacle and floscule, with high ratio of ABA/IAA, ABA/GA1+3, ZRs /GA1+3, ZRs/IAA . 3. Soluble proteins were the highest before floscule formation; Soluble sugars were accumulated before floral receptacle differentiation, but the levels were declined step by step after that; Starch content was consistent.
引文
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