苏州市公共环境卫生市场化研究
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摘要
市场经济条件下,城市公共环境卫生具有特殊的地位:一是由于城市之间存在城市规模、历史文化、居民需求和发展思路的不同,至今对公共环境卫生管理的模式也不尽相同,与城市间供水、供电、供气等行业管理模式大体相同是不一致的。也就是说,城市公共环境卫生管理是从实际出发、根据城市的适应性和回应性来进行的,对该行业的研究不能脱离一时一地的客观情况;二是城市公共环境卫生管理长期以来较其他公用事业受到地方政府的重视不够,存在管理粗放、标准单一;从业人员地位偏低、素质长期得不到提高;对该行业的研究缺乏系统性,理论成果较少等问题。随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市公共环境问题日显突出,“垃圾围城”、“污染”、“运转成本造成财政压力”等问题已严重困扰地方政府,但由于对该行业缺乏系统性研究和理论支撑,如何完善、改进该行业的管理问题较其他公用事业更具现实性。
本论文运用系统分析和SWOT方法,通过对苏州市公共环境卫生管理现状和苏州市基本情况的分析和研究,确定现行体制存在弊端、探究问题形成的原因,结合地区实际,借鉴国内外理论成果和实践经验,以导入市场化理念为中心突破口,构建符合苏州市市情、回应市场需求并有实践操作性的“政事分开、管干分离、监控到位、运转合理”的苏州市公共环境卫生管理市场化改革制度安排和运行机制。
论文分为六个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍论文涉及研究课题的选题背景与依据,课题研究的目标、理论意义和应用价值,国内外相关领域研究现状及发展趋势,论文研究的基本方法,技术路线,论文主要研究内容,创新点和结构等内容;第二部分为公共环境卫生管理市场化改革的理论依据。主要介绍公共物品和服务的分类理论,公共服务市场化的途径以及公共环境卫生服务的一般制度安排和市场化机制安排;第三部分为苏州市公共环境卫生管理现状、问题及成因分析。主要介绍苏州市公共环境卫生管理历史沿革,管理现状与问题及其成因分析;第四部分为苏州市公共环境卫生管理市场化改革构架。主要从苏州市的城市发展趋势分析今后15年苏州市公共环境卫生服务需求方向,从管理体制、运营机制、投入机制和相关政策建议等方面进行市场化改革设计;第五部分对苏州工业园区环境卫生管理市场化进行了案例分析,介绍了基本情况,作出了简要评论并得出了几点启示;最后部分为结论,对论文研究的主要内容作了总结。
Under the market economy, the urban public environmental sanitation occupies a special status: firstly, owing to the differences of urban scale, historical culture, dweller's demands and development thoughts, the management modes of public environmental sanitation will be different with that of such industries as water-supply, power-supply, and air-feed in the city, in other words, the urban public environmental sanitation management will be carried through practically in accordance with the adjustability and responsibility of the city, so that the research on this industry should not be separated from the external conditions for "one given place at special time"; secondly, the urban public environmental sanitation management has been paid less attention than other public utilities by the local government for a long time ,presenting with such problems as :extensive and negligent management, simple and single standards, lowly practitioners ,non-systematization study and less theory results, etc. The urban public environmental sanitation had been increasingly serious with the fast development of our cities, and the local governments had been faced with many problems such as :“Rubbish City", "Pollution", "Financial Pressures Caused by Operational Costs". However, since this industry has been short of systemic research and relative theories, how to improve the management of this industry will be more practical than other public utilities.
By the systemic analysis and the methods of SWOT ,this article analyzes and studies the status of public environmental sanitation management and practical situations of Suzhou, fords out the abuses existed in the current system and probes into the causes of
Problems ,and uses the national and international theory results and practical experiences for references, combining with the regional practices. Meanwhile ,by introducing the market ideas as the principal breakthrough point, establishes the system plan and operational mechanism of Suzhou public environmental sanitation management market reform ,namely ,"Division of Administration and Affairs ,Separation of Management and Implementation ,Forceful Monitor and Control ,Rational Operation ",which accords with the urban situations of Suzhou, and satisfies the market demands, as well as the practical operation.
This article divide six parts :the first part is introduction ,which introduces the background and basis selected by the topic ,the target ,theory sense and application values on the study issues ,the study status and development trends in the relative fields at home and abroad ,and the basic methods and technical routes of thesis study ,as well as the main contents, innovational points and structure of thesis, etc; the second is the theory basis of market reform for the public environmental sanitation management, which introduces the theories on the classification of public articles and services, the approaches of public service market, as well as the general system plan and the market mechanism plan of public environmental sanitation services ;the third is the analysis on the status ,problems and origins of public environmental sanitation management for the city of Suzhou ,which introduces the historical evolutions, management status and problems, as well as origin analysis of public environmental sanitation management of Suzhou ;the forth is the market reform framework of Suzhou public environmental sanitation management, which analyzes, from the urban development trends of Suzhou for the future 15 years,the demand orientation of public environmental sanitation services of Suzhou, and conducts the market reform design from the management system, operation mechanism,and input mechanism, as well as the relative policy advices, etc.; the fifth is the case analysis on the environmental sanitation reform in the SIP ,which makes a introduction and a simple comments for the basic conditions, and educes some enlightenments ;the last is conclusion ,summarizing the main contents of the thesis study.
本论文运用系统分析和SWOT方法,通过对苏州市公共环境卫生管理现状和苏州市基本情况的分析和研究,确定现行体制存在弊端、探究问题形成的原因,结合地区实际,借鉴国内外理论成果和实践经验,以导入市场化理念为中心突破口,构建符合苏州市市情、回应市场需求并有实践操作性的“政事分开、管干分离、监控到位、运转合理”的苏州市公共环境卫生管理市场化改革制度安排和运行机制。
论文分为六个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍论文涉及研究课题的选题背景与依据,课题研究的目标、理论意义和应用价值,国内外相关领域研究现状及发展趋势,论文研究的基本方法,技术路线,论文主要研究内容,创新点和结构等内容;第二部分为公共环境卫生管理市场化改革的理论依据。主要介绍公共物品和服务的分类理论,公共服务市场化的途径以及公共环境卫生服务的一般制度安排和市场化机制安排;第三部分为苏州市公共环境卫生管理现状、问题及成因分析。主要介绍苏州市公共环境卫生管理历史沿革,管理现状与问题及其成因分析;第四部分为苏州市公共环境卫生管理市场化改革构架。主要从苏州市的城市发展趋势分析今后15年苏州市公共环境卫生服务需求方向,从管理体制、运营机制、投入机制和相关政策建议等方面进行市场化改革设计;第五部分对苏州工业园区环境卫生管理市场化进行了案例分析,介绍了基本情况,作出了简要评论并得出了几点启示;最后部分为结论,对论文研究的主要内容作了总结。
Under the market economy, the urban public environmental sanitation occupies a special status: firstly, owing to the differences of urban scale, historical culture, dweller's demands and development thoughts, the management modes of public environmental sanitation will be different with that of such industries as water-supply, power-supply, and air-feed in the city, in other words, the urban public environmental sanitation management will be carried through practically in accordance with the adjustability and responsibility of the city, so that the research on this industry should not be separated from the external conditions for "one given place at special time"; secondly, the urban public environmental sanitation management has been paid less attention than other public utilities by the local government for a long time ,presenting with such problems as :extensive and negligent management, simple and single standards, lowly practitioners ,non-systematization study and less theory results, etc. The urban public environmental sanitation had been increasingly serious with the fast development of our cities, and the local governments had been faced with many problems such as :“Rubbish City", "Pollution", "Financial Pressures Caused by Operational Costs". However, since this industry has been short of systemic research and relative theories, how to improve the management of this industry will be more practical than other public utilities.
By the systemic analysis and the methods of SWOT ,this article analyzes and studies the status of public environmental sanitation management and practical situations of Suzhou, fords out the abuses existed in the current system and probes into the causes of
Problems ,and uses the national and international theory results and practical experiences for references, combining with the regional practices. Meanwhile ,by introducing the market ideas as the principal breakthrough point, establishes the system plan and operational mechanism of Suzhou public environmental sanitation management market reform ,namely ,"Division of Administration and Affairs ,Separation of Management and Implementation ,Forceful Monitor and Control ,Rational Operation ",which accords with the urban situations of Suzhou, and satisfies the market demands, as well as the practical operation.
This article divide six parts :the first part is introduction ,which introduces the background and basis selected by the topic ,the target ,theory sense and application values on the study issues ,the study status and development trends in the relative fields at home and abroad ,and the basic methods and technical routes of thesis study ,as well as the main contents, innovational points and structure of thesis, etc; the second is the theory basis of market reform for the public environmental sanitation management, which introduces the theories on the classification of public articles and services, the approaches of public service market, as well as the general system plan and the market mechanism plan of public environmental sanitation services ;the third is the analysis on the status ,problems and origins of public environmental sanitation management for the city of Suzhou ,which introduces the historical evolutions, management status and problems, as well as origin analysis of public environmental sanitation management of Suzhou ;the forth is the market reform framework of Suzhou public environmental sanitation management, which analyzes, from the urban development trends of Suzhou for the future 15 years,the demand orientation of public environmental sanitation services of Suzhou, and conducts the market reform design from the management system, operation mechanism,and input mechanism, as well as the relative policy advices, etc.; the fifth is the case analysis on the environmental sanitation reform in the SIP ,which makes a introduction and a simple comments for the basic conditions, and educes some enlightenments ;the last is conclusion ,summarizing the main contents of the thesis study.
引文
[1]国家行政学院研究室,上海浦东区人民政府主编.转型中的政府.
[2]戴维·奥斯本、维特·盖希勒:《改革政府》,上海市政协编译所、上海译文出版社
[3]史蒂文·科思、威廉·埃米克:《新有效公共管理者》,中国人民大学出版社
[4]加里斯·摩根(Gareth Morgan):《驾御变革的浪潮》,中国人民大学出版社
[5]麦克文·卫泽雷(Michael Barzelay):《突破官僚制:政府管理的新愿景》,中国人民大学出版社
[6]董克用:《公共治理与制度创新》,中国人民大学出版社
[7]陈坚:《环卫改革:市场化、社会化、法制化》,长江建设
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[18]拉塞尔·M·林登(Russell- M -Linden):《无缝隙政府》,中国人民大学出版社
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[2]戴维·奥斯本、维特·盖希勒:《改革政府》,上海市政协编译所、上海译文出版社
[3]史蒂文·科思、威廉·埃米克:《新有效公共管理者》,中国人民大学出版社
[4]加里斯·摩根(Gareth Morgan):《驾御变革的浪潮》,中国人民大学出版社
[5]麦克文·卫泽雷(Michael Barzelay):《突破官僚制:政府管理的新愿景》,中国人民大学出版社
[6]董克用:《公共治理与制度创新》,中国人民大学出版社
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