上流式厌氧污泥复合床-膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的研究
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摘要
垃圾渗滤液是一种污染性极强的高浓度有机废水，其中含有大量的有机
物质、氨氮和有毒有害物质。垃圾渗滤液较之一般的城市生活污水具有高的
BOD5、 COD、SS、TN和金属离子，色度大等特点，水质随着填埋场年龄、
不同地区居民生活习惯、垃圾成分及其填埋场规模、面积、降雨量和温度的
不同而有较大的变化，故处理难度也较大，此方面的研究也是当今的一个热
点问题。
本文纵观国内外垃圾渗滤液的处理方法和实际情况，提出了上流式厌氧
污泥复合床-续批式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液，试验结果表明：
1、 厌氧反应器驯化成功后，用10倍，8倍、6倍、5倍、4倍稀释的垃
圾渗滤液进水，当进液流量为1L／h时，COD去除率在20％以下，当流量减
小为0． 5L/h后，COD去除率达到45％～55％之间。可认为厌氧反应逐步由
“水解酸化”向“产甲烷”阶段转变。
2、 通过试验，得到了膜生物反应器兼顾脱氮和去除有机物的最佳缺氧时
间及运行条件：缺氧时间为1． 5小时、PH值应控制在8． 0左右；温度应控制
在30℃左右：DO应控制在2～3mg/L。
3、 膜对有机物有一定的截留作用，在一个周期内对有机物的截留百分比
平均值为22． 9％。其中，在好氧阶段截流百分比平均为23． 5％，厌氧阶段截
流百分比平均为27． 1％。
4、 串联工艺的最佳运行情况是厌氧反应器进水COD浓度为1 700～
2300mg／L，即5倍和4倍稀释，进水流量为0． 5L／h。此时厌氧反应器停留在
“产甲烷”阶段。
5、 最佳条件下系统稳定运行参数为：厌氧反应器COD去除率44． 6％，
COD去除负荷为11． 3kg／m3·d：膜生物反应器COD去除率46． 7％，COD去除
负荷为0． 31kg／m3·d，反硝化负荷为0． 055kg／m3·d，硝化负荷0． 058kg／m3·d。
在此条件下系统出水达到(GB16889-1997) 二级标准。
6、 经过上流式厌氧污泥复合床处理后垃圾渗滤液可生化性参数θ平均提
高0． 12，提高幅度为15． 2％。
本文初步探讨了上流式厌氧污泥复合床-膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液
的装置及运行条件，为进一步的研究奠定了基础。
Landfill leathate is a kind of serious polluted organic waste water with high
concentration of organic substance ,ammonia nitrogcm and poisonous and harmfull substance. Landfill leathate has high concentration of BOD5, COD, SS, TN metallic iron and chroma than uasual domestic sewage. The quality of Landfill leathate is various with the difference of the ages of landfill leathate,cutoms of persons in different areas, garbage component, scale of landfill, rainfull and temperature, so it is difficult to dipose. The study in this area is very hot.
The process of combined upflow anaerobic sludge compound bed (UASCB) and sequencing membrane bioreactor (SMBR) were given through the investigation of meastures of disposing landfill leathate. Through the experimentation we can conclude as follow:
1) After the success of domestication of anaerobic reactor, the landfill leathate diluted by lOtimes, Stimes, 6times, Stimes and 4times was took into reactor.When the follow was 0.5L/h, the rate of removing was between 45% and 55%. The step of anaerobic reaction becomes "step of fire damp" from "hydrolysis".
2) In the experment, at temperature 30C, DO 2. 5mg/L, PH8. 0, in the way of 2. 5 h aerobic time and 1.5h anoxemia time,effluent quality is very good.
3) The membrance module in MBR has a little fuction in cutting large-molecule organic matter. In this esperiment, the removal rate of large-molecule organic matter is 22.9%.
4) The best sitution of reaction is that COD is 1700-2300mg/L and the flow is 0.5 L/h.
5) The parameter in best situation is : In anaerobic reactor the removing rate of COD is 44.6% and the load of removing is 11.3kg/ m3.d; In MBR the removing rate of COD is 46.7%, the load of removing is 0.3kg/ m3.d, the load of denitrification is 0.055kg/ m3.d, and the load of nitration is 0.058kg/ m3.d, the water out comes up to the II standard of (GB16889-1997) .
6)The biodegradability of leachate can be improved by 15.2% through the anaerobic reactor.
The device of treating landfill leathate by UASCB-MBR has been introductory established and the results from the expermentation established the base for the next search.
物质、氨氮和有毒有害物质。垃圾渗滤液较之一般的城市生活污水具有高的
BOD5、 COD、SS、TN和金属离子，色度大等特点，水质随着填埋场年龄、
不同地区居民生活习惯、垃圾成分及其填埋场规模、面积、降雨量和温度的
不同而有较大的变化，故处理难度也较大，此方面的研究也是当今的一个热
点问题。
本文纵观国内外垃圾渗滤液的处理方法和实际情况，提出了上流式厌氧
污泥复合床-续批式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液，试验结果表明：
1、 厌氧反应器驯化成功后，用10倍，8倍、6倍、5倍、4倍稀释的垃
圾渗滤液进水，当进液流量为1L／h时，COD去除率在20％以下，当流量减
小为0． 5L/h后，COD去除率达到45％～55％之间。可认为厌氧反应逐步由
“水解酸化”向“产甲烷”阶段转变。
2、 通过试验，得到了膜生物反应器兼顾脱氮和去除有机物的最佳缺氧时
间及运行条件：缺氧时间为1． 5小时、PH值应控制在8． 0左右；温度应控制
在30℃左右：DO应控制在2～3mg/L。
3、 膜对有机物有一定的截留作用，在一个周期内对有机物的截留百分比
平均值为22． 9％。其中，在好氧阶段截流百分比平均为23． 5％，厌氧阶段截
流百分比平均为27． 1％。
4、 串联工艺的最佳运行情况是厌氧反应器进水COD浓度为1 700～
2300mg／L，即5倍和4倍稀释，进水流量为0． 5L／h。此时厌氧反应器停留在
“产甲烷”阶段。
5、 最佳条件下系统稳定运行参数为：厌氧反应器COD去除率44． 6％，
COD去除负荷为11． 3kg／m3·d：膜生物反应器COD去除率46． 7％，COD去除
负荷为0． 31kg／m3·d，反硝化负荷为0． 055kg／m3·d，硝化负荷0． 058kg／m3·d。
在此条件下系统出水达到(GB16889-1997) 二级标准。
6、 经过上流式厌氧污泥复合床处理后垃圾渗滤液可生化性参数θ平均提
高0． 12，提高幅度为15． 2％。
本文初步探讨了上流式厌氧污泥复合床-膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液
的装置及运行条件，为进一步的研究奠定了基础。
Landfill leathate is a kind of serious polluted organic waste water with high
concentration of organic substance ,ammonia nitrogcm and poisonous and harmfull substance. Landfill leathate has high concentration of BOD5, COD, SS, TN metallic iron and chroma than uasual domestic sewage. The quality of Landfill leathate is various with the difference of the ages of landfill leathate,cutoms of persons in different areas, garbage component, scale of landfill, rainfull and temperature, so it is difficult to dipose. The study in this area is very hot.
The process of combined upflow anaerobic sludge compound bed (UASCB) and sequencing membrane bioreactor (SMBR) were given through the investigation of meastures of disposing landfill leathate. Through the experimentation we can conclude as follow:
1) After the success of domestication of anaerobic reactor, the landfill leathate diluted by lOtimes, Stimes, 6times, Stimes and 4times was took into reactor.When the follow was 0.5L/h, the rate of removing was between 45% and 55%. The step of anaerobic reaction becomes "step of fire damp" from "hydrolysis".
2) In the experment, at temperature 30C, DO 2. 5mg/L, PH8. 0, in the way of 2. 5 h aerobic time and 1.5h anoxemia time,effluent quality is very good.
3) The membrance module in MBR has a little fuction in cutting large-molecule organic matter. In this esperiment, the removal rate of large-molecule organic matter is 22.9%.
4) The best sitution of reaction is that COD is 1700-2300mg/L and the flow is 0.5 L/h.
5) The parameter in best situation is : In anaerobic reactor the removing rate of COD is 44.6% and the load of removing is 11.3kg/ m3.d; In MBR the removing rate of COD is 46.7%, the load of removing is 0.3kg/ m3.d, the load of denitrification is 0.055kg/ m3.d, and the load of nitration is 0.058kg/ m3.d, the water out comes up to the II standard of (GB16889-1997) .
6)The biodegradability of leachate can be improved by 15.2% through the anaerobic reactor.
The device of treating landfill leathate by UASCB-MBR has been introductory established and the results from the expermentation established the base for the next search.
引文
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[2] 周北海，松藤康司．中国垃圾填埋场的问题与改善方法．环境科学研究，1998，11 (3) ：22-24
[3] 郑铁鑫．城市垃圾处理场对地下水的污染．环境科学，1989，10(3) ：89-92．
[4] 肖雪峰，李娟英，张雁秋．垃圾填埋场渗滤液的控制及处理．辽宁城乡环境科技．2000， 20(6) ：23-26
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